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Evaluation and Spread of the System of Rice Intensification in  ASIA 2nd National SRI Symposium October 3-5, 2007 – Agartala, India Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD Cornell University, USA
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, that is the only thing that ever has.   --  Margaret Mead
Knowledge/practice of SRI:   As of 1999 Madagascar
SRI field in Madagascar, with a traditional variety of rice
The Start and Spread of SRI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Knowledge/Use of SRI:   As of 2006 BHUTAN, IRAN, IRAQ, Zambia;   Senegal, PAKISTAN, Mali, VIETNAM;   Benin, Guinea, Mozambique, Peru;  CAMBODIA, Cuba, PHILIPPINES, LAOS, THAILAND, MYANMAR, Sierra Leone, Gambia, SRI LANKA, NEPAL, BANGLADESH, INDIA;   CHINA, INDONESIA;   Madagascar
CHINA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prof. Yuan Longping ,  known as “the father of hybrid rice” – World Food Prize Laureate 2004
SRI plot in Guinea with hybrid variety (GY032) –  9.3 tons/ha
CHINA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Farmers and officials in Bu Tou village, Tien Tai township, Zhejiang province,  with China SRI coordinator, Prof. Zhu Defeng, CNRRI, and Norman Uphoff
47.9% 34.7% “ Non-Flooding Rice Farming Technology in Irrigated Paddy Field” Dr. Tao Longxing, China National Rice Research Institute, 2004
CHINA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Liu Zhibin, CNHRRDC seed multiplication farm, Meishan,  Sichuan province –  raised beds / zero-tillage – 13.4 t/ha yield
CHINA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3-S seedlings are started at the end of winter in plastic greenhouses
Normal 3-S Comparison between 3-S and ‘normal’ rice in Heilongjiong
INDONESIA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SRI field, 20x40 cm spacing, at Sukamandi rice research center – 9.2 t/ha
SRI vs. non-SRI plants hanging in Nippon Koei office, Jakarta
SRI vs. non-SRI plants in Lombok, under DISIMP
Results of On-Farm Comparison Trials in Eastern Indonesia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Productivity is increased [with SRI], and at the same time the  environment is saved. . . . I want to urge everybody, starting with the Minister of Agriculture and everyone else -- let us support this  SRI method with our maximum capacity.” --  Pres. S. B. Yudyoyono speaking at SRI Harvest Festival, Cianjur, July 30, 2007
CAMBODIA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ms. Im Sarim, Cambodia, with rice plant grown from a single seed, using SRI methods and traditional variety -- yield of 6.72 t/ha
Mok Mareth, Minister for Environment, with Koma Yang Saing, CEDAC, at farmer convention promoting SRI in Ro Veang commune
LDS Charities Introduced SRI in Cambodia, 2006-07 season 146 households whose previous average yield was  1.06 t/ha  averaged  4.02 t/ha  when using SRI methods Hang Hein’s sons (left) transplanted his whole SRI field (0.9 ha) in  1 day ; Hein’s neighbors (right) who used traditional methods of transplanting used  more labor  per hectare and got  lower yields  with old methods Hang Hein’s previous yield was  1.2 t/ha  -- with SRI methods it was  5.0 t/ha
PHILIPPINES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RESULTING CROP -- 8.9 T/HA The rice plants are healthy with strong stalks because of the organic fertilizer, soil aeration through intermittent water application, and the 40 cm x 40 cm spacing. With strong stalks, lodging never occurred. From PP by Engr. Bong Salazar, now Deputy  Administrator,  National Irrigation Administration  (NIA)
BANGLADESH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Final Evaluation Report on Verification and Refinement of  the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Project  in Selected Areas of Bangladesh (SP 36 02) AM Muazzam Husain, Gopal Chowhan, Proloy Barua,  AFM Razib Uddin, ABM Ziaur Rahman  Submitted to Poverty Elimination Through Rice Research Assistance (PETRRA) IRRI, Dhaka, Bangladesh June 2004
Comparative yield (t/ha)
SRI LANKA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Deputy Minister of Agriculture Salinda Dissanayake
Cover photo of W. M. Premaratna, for ecol. magazine
Rice fields in Sri Lanka: same variety, same irrigation system, same soil,  same drought  : conventional rice (left), SRI (right)
NEPAL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Single SRI plant, Morang District, Nepal - 2005
Rajendra Uprety, District Agricultural Development Office, Morang District receiving $20,000 award in Nepal Development Marketplace competition
MYANMAR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Metta facilitates Farmer Field School (FFS) in the northern parts of Myanmar – in Kachin State and Shan State Farmer Field School From PP presentation by Dr. Humayun Kabir, Metta Development  Foundation to Department of Agriculture in Yangoon, June, 2002
RICE YIELDS ,[object Object],[object Object],From PP presentation by Dr. Humayun Kabir, Metta Development Foundation, to Department of Agriculture in Yangoon, June, 2002
LAOS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
.…Since the success of the original two-year trials, the SRI  method has been extended to more farmers in more regions throughout Laos. The national average rice yield in Laos  is 3.27 tons per hectare. Using SRI, farmers have an  average yield of 5.05 tons per hectare. This increase  means there are fewer ‘rice shortage months’ every year... RICE REVOLUTION IN LAOS From  Oxfam International webpage:  http://www.oxfam. org/en/programs/development/ easia/laos_rice.htm
THAILAND ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
VIETNAM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FFS farmer in D ông Trù village, Hanoi province, 2005
Reduction in Diseases and Pests Average of provincial trial data from the Vietnam National IPM Program, 2005-2006 * Insects/m 2   Spring season Summer season SRI Plots Farmer Plots Differ-ence SRI Plots Farmer Plots Differ-ence Sheath blight 6.7% 18.1% 63.0% 5.2% 19.8% 73.7% Leaf blight  -- -- -- 8.6% 36.3% 76.5% Small leaf folder 63.4* 107.7* 41.1% 61.8* 122.3* 49.5% Brown plant hopper 542* 1,440* 62.4% 545* 3,214* 83.0% AVERAGE 55.5% 70.7%
PAKISTAN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hafeez Mujib, DOA field manager, on right, with farmer in basmati field
VENTIONAL
IRAQ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dr. Khidir Hameed with Iraqi farmers trying out SRI
Comparison of SRI vs. ‘normal’ root growth at MRRS, Najaf
IRAN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bahman Larijani Counting SRI tillers Comparison of roots
BHUTAN ,[object Object],[object Object]
Site III Plantation  Variety: Verna Site II Plantation Variety: Paropa Trials conducted at elevations of 1600 to 2000 meters a.s.l.  Site I (20x20cm 2 ) Variety: Khangma maap Control plot
 
AFGHANISTAN ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Two days after transplanting – field not very well leveled
30 days after transplanting – average of 11 tillers per plant
96 days after transplanting – some plants had 120 tillers
JAPAN ,[object Object],[object Object]
J-SRI team visit to Sadang Irrigation System in South Sulawesi, May 2006: 1st prize in Consultants Photo Contest organized by the Tokyo Office of  World Bank, and Engineering and Consulting Firms Association of Japan; Prof. E. Yamaji, University of Tokyo, chairman of J-SRI, standing on right

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0713 Evaluation and Spread of the System of Rice Intensification in Asia

  • 1. Evaluation and Spread of the System of Rice Intensification in ASIA 2nd National SRI Symposium October 3-5, 2007 – Agartala, India Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD Cornell University, USA
  • 2. Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, that is the only thing that ever has. -- Margaret Mead
  • 3. Knowledge/practice of SRI: As of 1999 Madagascar
  • 4. SRI field in Madagascar, with a traditional variety of rice
  • 5.
  • 6. Knowledge/Use of SRI: As of 2006 BHUTAN, IRAN, IRAQ, Zambia; Senegal, PAKISTAN, Mali, VIETNAM; Benin, Guinea, Mozambique, Peru; CAMBODIA, Cuba, PHILIPPINES, LAOS, THAILAND, MYANMAR, Sierra Leone, Gambia, SRI LANKA, NEPAL, BANGLADESH, INDIA; CHINA, INDONESIA; Madagascar
  • 7.
  • 8. Prof. Yuan Longping , known as “the father of hybrid rice” – World Food Prize Laureate 2004
  • 9. SRI plot in Guinea with hybrid variety (GY032) – 9.3 tons/ha
  • 10.
  • 11. Farmers and officials in Bu Tou village, Tien Tai township, Zhejiang province, with China SRI coordinator, Prof. Zhu Defeng, CNRRI, and Norman Uphoff
  • 12. 47.9% 34.7% “ Non-Flooding Rice Farming Technology in Irrigated Paddy Field” Dr. Tao Longxing, China National Rice Research Institute, 2004
  • 13.
  • 14. Liu Zhibin, CNHRRDC seed multiplication farm, Meishan, Sichuan province – raised beds / zero-tillage – 13.4 t/ha yield
  • 15.
  • 16. 3-S seedlings are started at the end of winter in plastic greenhouses
  • 17. Normal 3-S Comparison between 3-S and ‘normal’ rice in Heilongjiong
  • 18.
  • 19. SRI field, 20x40 cm spacing, at Sukamandi rice research center – 9.2 t/ha
  • 20. SRI vs. non-SRI plants hanging in Nippon Koei office, Jakarta
  • 21. SRI vs. non-SRI plants in Lombok, under DISIMP
  • 22.
  • 23. “ Productivity is increased [with SRI], and at the same time the environment is saved. . . . I want to urge everybody, starting with the Minister of Agriculture and everyone else -- let us support this SRI method with our maximum capacity.” -- Pres. S. B. Yudyoyono speaking at SRI Harvest Festival, Cianjur, July 30, 2007
  • 24.
  • 25. Ms. Im Sarim, Cambodia, with rice plant grown from a single seed, using SRI methods and traditional variety -- yield of 6.72 t/ha
  • 26. Mok Mareth, Minister for Environment, with Koma Yang Saing, CEDAC, at farmer convention promoting SRI in Ro Veang commune
  • 27. LDS Charities Introduced SRI in Cambodia, 2006-07 season 146 households whose previous average yield was 1.06 t/ha averaged 4.02 t/ha when using SRI methods Hang Hein’s sons (left) transplanted his whole SRI field (0.9 ha) in 1 day ; Hein’s neighbors (right) who used traditional methods of transplanting used more labor per hectare and got lower yields with old methods Hang Hein’s previous yield was 1.2 t/ha -- with SRI methods it was 5.0 t/ha
  • 28.
  • 29. RESULTING CROP -- 8.9 T/HA The rice plants are healthy with strong stalks because of the organic fertilizer, soil aeration through intermittent water application, and the 40 cm x 40 cm spacing. With strong stalks, lodging never occurred. From PP by Engr. Bong Salazar, now Deputy Administrator, National Irrigation Administration (NIA)
  • 30.
  • 31. Final Evaluation Report on Verification and Refinement of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Project in Selected Areas of Bangladesh (SP 36 02) AM Muazzam Husain, Gopal Chowhan, Proloy Barua, AFM Razib Uddin, ABM Ziaur Rahman Submitted to Poverty Elimination Through Rice Research Assistance (PETRRA) IRRI, Dhaka, Bangladesh June 2004
  • 33.
  • 34. Deputy Minister of Agriculture Salinda Dissanayake
  • 35. Cover photo of W. M. Premaratna, for ecol. magazine
  • 36. Rice fields in Sri Lanka: same variety, same irrigation system, same soil, same drought : conventional rice (left), SRI (right)
  • 37.
  • 38. Single SRI plant, Morang District, Nepal - 2005
  • 39. Rajendra Uprety, District Agricultural Development Office, Morang District receiving $20,000 award in Nepal Development Marketplace competition
  • 40.
  • 41. Metta facilitates Farmer Field School (FFS) in the northern parts of Myanmar – in Kachin State and Shan State Farmer Field School From PP presentation by Dr. Humayun Kabir, Metta Development Foundation to Department of Agriculture in Yangoon, June, 2002
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44. .…Since the success of the original two-year trials, the SRI method has been extended to more farmers in more regions throughout Laos. The national average rice yield in Laos is 3.27 tons per hectare. Using SRI, farmers have an average yield of 5.05 tons per hectare. This increase means there are fewer ‘rice shortage months’ every year... RICE REVOLUTION IN LAOS From Oxfam International webpage: http://www.oxfam. org/en/programs/development/ easia/laos_rice.htm
  • 45.
  • 46.  
  • 47.
  • 48. FFS farmer in D ông Trù village, Hanoi province, 2005
  • 49. Reduction in Diseases and Pests Average of provincial trial data from the Vietnam National IPM Program, 2005-2006 * Insects/m 2 Spring season Summer season SRI Plots Farmer Plots Differ-ence SRI Plots Farmer Plots Differ-ence Sheath blight 6.7% 18.1% 63.0% 5.2% 19.8% 73.7% Leaf blight -- -- -- 8.6% 36.3% 76.5% Small leaf folder 63.4* 107.7* 41.1% 61.8* 122.3* 49.5% Brown plant hopper 542* 1,440* 62.4% 545* 3,214* 83.0% AVERAGE 55.5% 70.7%
  • 50.
  • 51. Hafeez Mujib, DOA field manager, on right, with farmer in basmati field
  • 53.
  • 54. Dr. Khidir Hameed with Iraqi farmers trying out SRI
  • 55. Comparison of SRI vs. ‘normal’ root growth at MRRS, Najaf
  • 56.
  • 57. Bahman Larijani Counting SRI tillers Comparison of roots
  • 58.
  • 59. Site III Plantation Variety: Verna Site II Plantation Variety: Paropa Trials conducted at elevations of 1600 to 2000 meters a.s.l. Site I (20x20cm 2 ) Variety: Khangma maap Control plot
  • 60.  
  • 61.
  • 62.  
  • 63. Two days after transplanting – field not very well leveled
  • 64. 30 days after transplanting – average of 11 tillers per plant
  • 65. 96 days after transplanting – some plants had 120 tillers
  • 66.
  • 67. J-SRI team visit to Sadang Irrigation System in South Sulawesi, May 2006: 1st prize in Consultants Photo Contest organized by the Tokyo Office of World Bank, and Engineering and Consulting Firms Association of Japan; Prof. E. Yamaji, University of Tokyo, chairman of J-SRI, standing on right

Notas do Editor

  1. Presentation prepared for 2 nd National SRI symposium hosted by the State Government of Agartala, with cosponsorship of ICAR (DRD/DRR), CRRI, ANGRAU, NABARD, Tata Trust and WWF, October 3-5, 2007.
  2. This field was harvested in March 2004 with representatives from the Department of Agriculture present to measure the yield. Picture provided by George Rakotondrabe, Landscape Development Interventions project, which has worked with Association Tefy Saina in spreading the use of SRI to reduce land pressures on the remaining rainforest areas. The Ministry of Agriculture technician who measured the yield reported this as 17 t/ha.
  3. SRI is often hard to accept because it does not depend on either of the two main strategies that made the Green Revolution possible. It does not require any change in the rice variety used (genotype) or an increase in external inputs. Indeed, the latter can be reduced. SRI methods improve the yields of all rice varieties evaluated so far – modern and traditional, improved and local. The highest yields have been attained with HYVs and hybrid varieties (all SRI yields >15 t/ha), but ‘unimproved’ varieties can give yields in the 6-12 t/ha range when soil has been improved through SRI methods, so give the higher market price for these latter varieties, growing them can be more profitable for farmers.
  4. Figures from a paper presented by Dr. Tao to international rice conference organized by the China National Rice Research Institute for the International Year of Rice and World Food Day, held in Hangzhou, October 15-17, 2004. Dr. Tao has been doing research on SRI since 2001 to evaluate its effects in physiological terms.
  5. Two fields of rice growth with normal methods and 3-S. The phenotypical differences are evident, much as seen with SRI.
  6. Picture provided by Mr. Shichi Sato, project leader for DISIMP project in Eastern Indonesia (S. Sulawasi and W. Nusa Tenggara), where > 1800 farmers using SRI on >1300 ha have had 7.6 t/ha average SRI yield (dried, unhusked paddy, 14% moisture content), 84% more than the control plots, with 40% reduction in water use, and 25% reduction in the costs of production.
  7. Picture provided by Dr. Koma Yang Saing, director, Cambodian Center for the Study and Development of Agriculture (CEDAC), September 2004. Dr. Koma himself tried SRI methods in 1999, and once satisfied that they worked, got 28 farmers in 2000 to try them. From there the numbers have increased each year, to 400, then 2100, then 9100, then almost 17,000. Over 50,000 farmers are expecting to be using SRI in 2005. Ms. Sarim previously produced 2-3 t/ha on her field. In 2004, some parts of this field reached a yield of 11 t/ha, where the soil was most ‘biologized’ from SRI practices.
  8. This picture from Sri Lanka shows two fields having the same soil, climate and irrigation access, during a drought period. On the left, the rice grown with conventional practices, with continuous flooding from the time of transplanting, has a shallower root system that cannot withstand water stress. On the right, SRI rice receiving less water during its growth has deeper rooting, and thus it can continue to thrive during the drought. Farmers in Sri Lanka are coming to accept SRI in part because it reduces their risk of crop failure during drought.
  9. Picture provided by Rajendra Uprety, District Agricultural Development Office, Morang District, Nepal. Again, this is a single SRI plant grown from a single seed.
  10. Picture from Elske van de Fliert, FAO IPM program in Hanoi. Rice plants come from the left and right fields behind the farmer, respectively, after the fields had been hit by a typhoon.