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Surviving and Thriving in the
Sky
Bird Adaptations
Bird Adaptations
Beaks
Feet
Feathers
Different Shaped Beaks
 Cone shaped
 Slender, pointed
 Chisel shaped tip
 Long, tubular
 Sharp, tooth-like edge
 Sharp, hooked
 Fringed edges
 Flat and wide at base
Cone Shaped Beak
 A cone shaped bill is found in many birds
such as finches and grosbeaks. It is a
strong beak used for cracking seeds.
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Slender, pointed beak
 Thin, slender, pointed beaks are found
mainly in insect eaters. They are used to
pick insects off leaves, twigs, and bark. This
warbler is a good example.
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Chisel shaped tip
 Woodpeckers have strong beaks which
taper to the tip, forming a chisel for pecking
holes in trees for food or nests. Most feed
on insects which live under the bark.
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Long, tubular beak
 Hummingbirds have long, tubular bills that
resemble straws, which they use to sip
nectar from flowers.
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Sharp, tooth-like edge
 Mergansers, specialized for eating fish,
have sharp tooth-like structures on the edge
of the bill to hold fish tightly.
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Sharp, hooked
 Hawks, owls, and other birds of prey which
catch and kill live prey have sharp, "hooked"
beaks. These are used to bite the skull or
neck and also to tear the body into pieces
small enough to swallow.
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Fringed edges
 The edges of a Mallard's bill are fringed to
strain plants, seeds, and small animals from
mud and water.
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Flat and wide at base
 Beaks which are flat and wide at the base
are found in birds which catch insects in
flight, such as flycatchers. These birds also
often have whiskers at the corners of the
mouth, which effectively widens the mouth
opening, allowing more effective capture of
prey.
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Bird Beaks Review
 Bird Adapations - Beaks
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Bird Beaks Review
 Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?
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Bird Feet Adaptations
 Independent, flexible toes for grasping
 Two forward, two backward for climbing
 Webbed for swimming
 Long toes for soft surfaces
 Talons to capture, kill
 Strong feet to scratch dirt
 Strong feet, sharp claws for protection
Independent, flexible toes for grasping
SONG BIRDS or PERCHING
BIRDS (warblers, thrushes,
wrens, etc.) have
independent, flexible toes,
with one pointing backwards,
ideal for grasping perches.
They don’t fall when they
sleep because a tendon on
the backside of the ankle
automatically flexes locking
their toes around the branch.
With feet locked, sleeping
birds don't fall. As the bird
stands up its feet release.
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Two forward, two backward for climbing
 WOODPECKERS
have two toes pointing
forwards and two
backwards; for
climbing up, down, and
sideways on tree
trunks.
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Webbed for swimming
 WATER BIRDS such
as ducks have
webbing between their
toes for swimming.
GULLS also have feet
similar to these so they
don't sink while
walking in the soft
sand or mud near the
water's edge.
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Long toes for soft surfaces
 WADING BIRDS. The
long toes of herons,
which spreads the
bird's weight over a
large surface area,
helps them walk on
soft surfaces near the
water's edge (where
wading birds like to
eat).
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Talons to capture, kill
 RAPTORS such as
hawks, eagles, and
owls use large claws
(called talons) to
capture, kill, and carry
prey with their feet.
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Strong feet to scratch dirt
 Pheasants and
chickens use their
strong feet to scratch
the dirt and leaf litter to
uncover seeds and
insects.
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Strong feet, sharp claw for
protection
Strong-legged
flightless birds, like the
cassowary, protect
themselves by kicking
with their powerful feet
and sharp claws.
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Bird Feet Review
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Test Your Knowledge!
Which type of feet does each bird have?
Heron =
Pheasant =
Great Horned
Owl =
Wren =
Mallard Duck =
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AA
Feathers
Feathers are one of the most prominent
features of a bird's anatomy and they are
unique to birds. Feathers perform a
number of functions for a bird:
1) They provide insulation, body
temperature of most birds is maintained
at around 40 C;
2) Feathers allow for flight;
3) Feathers control what a bird looks like by
supplying the bird with colors. Colors in
birds are used for camouflage and
attracting a mate(consider the tail
feathers of a peacock).
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Feather Structure
Feathers have a basic form
of a hollow, central shaft
called a rachis and a number
of smaller side branches.
The side branches are called
barbs and are linked together
by a set of barbules and their
"hooklets" sometimes called
'Hamuli' (this is perhaps best
understood by seeing the
diagram). The base of the
feather - where there are no
side branches - is called the
quill.
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Types of Feathers
 Contour feathers
 Down feathers
 Semiplumes
 Filoplumes QuickTime™ and a
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Contour Feathers
 Contour feathers give the
bird its characteristic
smooth round shape. They
also give the bird its visual
coloring and provide a first
level of defense against
physical objects, sunlight,
wind and rain. They are
very important.
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Down feathers
 Down feathers are smaller
and lack the barbules and
their accompanying
hooklets so they are not
zipped together and do not
look as neat. In fact they
are soft and fluffy. They
provide most of the
insulation and are so good
at this that mankind for
many years collected
down feathers from
various birds to put into
sleeping bags and jackets
to help keep us warm.
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Semiplumes
 Semiplumes are half-
way between a contour
feather and a down
feather. These occur
between the contour
feathers and help to
supply insulation and a
certain amount of form
as well.
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Filoplumes
 Filoplumes are very
small and have only a
very few barbs at their
tips. They are
believed to have a
sensory function,
helping birds keep
their feathers in order.
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Birds in Friendswwod
 Red Tailed Hawk
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Listen to a Red-Tailed Hawk
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Birds in Friendswood
 Great Horned Owl
Birds in Friendswood
 Screech Owl
Birds in Friendswood
 Kestrel
Birds in Friendswood
 Northern Flicker
Birds in Friendswood
 Blue Jay
Birds in Friendswood
 Cardinal
Birds in Friendswood
 Red-headed
Woodpecker
Birds in Friendswood
 House Wren
Birds in Friendswood
 Great Blue Heron
Birds in Friendswood
 Mourning Dove
Birds in Friendswood
 Purple Martin
Birds in Friendswood
 Killdeer
Birds in Friendswood
 Ruby-throated
Humingbird
Birds in Friendswood
 Robin
Birds in Friendswood
 Common Grackle
Birds in Friendswood
 Northern Mockingbird
Birds in Friendswood
 House Sparrow

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Bird Adaptations: Beaks, Feet & Feathers

  • 1. Surviving and Thriving in the Sky Bird Adaptations
  • 3. Different Shaped Beaks  Cone shaped  Slender, pointed  Chisel shaped tip  Long, tubular  Sharp, tooth-like edge  Sharp, hooked  Fringed edges  Flat and wide at base
  • 4. Cone Shaped Beak  A cone shaped bill is found in many birds such as finches and grosbeaks. It is a strong beak used for cracking seeds. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 5. Slender, pointed beak  Thin, slender, pointed beaks are found mainly in insect eaters. They are used to pick insects off leaves, twigs, and bark. This warbler is a good example. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 6. Chisel shaped tip  Woodpeckers have strong beaks which taper to the tip, forming a chisel for pecking holes in trees for food or nests. Most feed on insects which live under the bark. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 7. Long, tubular beak  Hummingbirds have long, tubular bills that resemble straws, which they use to sip nectar from flowers. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 8. Sharp, tooth-like edge  Mergansers, specialized for eating fish, have sharp tooth-like structures on the edge of the bill to hold fish tightly. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 9. Sharp, hooked  Hawks, owls, and other birds of prey which catch and kill live prey have sharp, "hooked" beaks. These are used to bite the skull or neck and also to tear the body into pieces small enough to swallow. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 10. Fringed edges  The edges of a Mallard's bill are fringed to strain plants, seeds, and small animals from mud and water. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 11. Flat and wide at base  Beaks which are flat and wide at the base are found in birds which catch insects in flight, such as flycatchers. These birds also often have whiskers at the corners of the mouth, which effectively widens the mouth opening, allowing more effective capture of prey. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 12. Bird Beaks Review  Bird Adapations - Beaks QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 13. Bird Beaks Review  Guess Who's Coming to Dinner? QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 14. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 15. Bird Feet Adaptations  Independent, flexible toes for grasping  Two forward, two backward for climbing  Webbed for swimming  Long toes for soft surfaces  Talons to capture, kill  Strong feet to scratch dirt  Strong feet, sharp claws for protection
  • 16. Independent, flexible toes for grasping SONG BIRDS or PERCHING BIRDS (warblers, thrushes, wrens, etc.) have independent, flexible toes, with one pointing backwards, ideal for grasping perches. They don’t fall when they sleep because a tendon on the backside of the ankle automatically flexes locking their toes around the branch. With feet locked, sleeping birds don't fall. As the bird stands up its feet release. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 17. Two forward, two backward for climbing  WOODPECKERS have two toes pointing forwards and two backwards; for climbing up, down, and sideways on tree trunks. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 18. Webbed for swimming  WATER BIRDS such as ducks have webbing between their toes for swimming. GULLS also have feet similar to these so they don't sink while walking in the soft sand or mud near the water's edge. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 19. Long toes for soft surfaces  WADING BIRDS. The long toes of herons, which spreads the bird's weight over a large surface area, helps them walk on soft surfaces near the water's edge (where wading birds like to eat). QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 20. Talons to capture, kill  RAPTORS such as hawks, eagles, and owls use large claws (called talons) to capture, kill, and carry prey with their feet. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 21. Strong feet to scratch dirt  Pheasants and chickens use their strong feet to scratch the dirt and leaf litter to uncover seeds and insects. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 22. Strong feet, sharp claw for protection Strong-legged flightless birds, like the cassowary, protect themselves by kicking with their powerful feet and sharp claws. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 23. Bird Feet Review QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 24. Test Your Knowledge! Which type of feet does each bird have? Heron = Pheasant = Great Horned Owl = Wren = Mallard Duck = QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. AA
  • 25. Feathers Feathers are one of the most prominent features of a bird's anatomy and they are unique to birds. Feathers perform a number of functions for a bird: 1) They provide insulation, body temperature of most birds is maintained at around 40 C; 2) Feathers allow for flight; 3) Feathers control what a bird looks like by supplying the bird with colors. Colors in birds are used for camouflage and attracting a mate(consider the tail feathers of a peacock). QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 26. Feather Structure Feathers have a basic form of a hollow, central shaft called a rachis and a number of smaller side branches. The side branches are called barbs and are linked together by a set of barbules and their "hooklets" sometimes called 'Hamuli' (this is perhaps best understood by seeing the diagram). The base of the feather - where there are no side branches - is called the quill. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 27. Types of Feathers  Contour feathers  Down feathers  Semiplumes  Filoplumes QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 28. Contour Feathers  Contour feathers give the bird its characteristic smooth round shape. They also give the bird its visual coloring and provide a first level of defense against physical objects, sunlight, wind and rain. They are very important. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 29. Down feathers  Down feathers are smaller and lack the barbules and their accompanying hooklets so they are not zipped together and do not look as neat. In fact they are soft and fluffy. They provide most of the insulation and are so good at this that mankind for many years collected down feathers from various birds to put into sleeping bags and jackets to help keep us warm. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 30. Semiplumes  Semiplumes are half- way between a contour feather and a down feather. These occur between the contour feathers and help to supply insulation and a certain amount of form as well. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 31. Filoplumes  Filoplumes are very small and have only a very few barbs at their tips. They are believed to have a sensory function, helping birds keep their feathers in order. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 32. Birds in Friendswwod  Red Tailed Hawk QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Listen to a Red-Tailed Hawk QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 33. Birds in Friendswood  Great Horned Owl
  • 36. Birds in Friendswood  Northern Flicker
  • 39. Birds in Friendswood  Red-headed Woodpecker
  • 41. Birds in Friendswood  Great Blue Heron
  • 42. Birds in Friendswood  Mourning Dove
  • 43. Birds in Friendswood  Purple Martin
  • 45. Birds in Friendswood  Ruby-throated Humingbird
  • 47. Birds in Friendswood  Common Grackle
  • 48. Birds in Friendswood  Northern Mockingbird
  • 49. Birds in Friendswood  House Sparrow