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India SCR in semi-arid and rainfed regions of  Maharahtra
STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITIES OF RURAL
COMMUNITIES TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN
    SEMI-ARID AND RAINFED REGIONS OF
              MAHARASHTRA
Who We Are?
                                   Are?

Watershed Organization Trust (WOTR), an NGO was established in 1993.

Our Philosophy:
Land degradation and water scarcity are the most intense and commonly felt
needs of village communities that can bring diverse and competing groups of
people together to begin their development process.


Our Vision:
Communities, especially the poor within, are empowered to live in dignity and
secure their livelihood and well-being in sustainable ecosystems.



Our Goal:
To reach out to 1,500,000 direct stakeholders and cover 1,000,000 hectares
(2,500,000 acres) by the year 2015
WOTR’S Area of Operation


            • No. of People directly impacted:
                  •        WSD                   -   +822,000
                  •        SHGs                  -    92,100
            • No. of Partner NGOs            -          184
            • No. of Watershed Villages -               1026
            • No. of Project Villages                   2172
            • Total Area Covered (ha)        -       596,000 ha
            • No. of People Trained              -   225,000
WOTR’s Core Areas /Competencies
•   Integrated Water Resources Management / Watershed Development /Natural
    Resources Management
•   Capacity Building & Institutional Development
•   Women’s Empowerment, Health and Environmental Education in Schools
•   Knowledge Management and Dissemination
•   ICT : Application of IT, Communication and Documentation
•   Policy Advocacy , Networking and Linkage Building
•   South to South Exchanges
•   Consultancy Services
New Areas of Interventions:
-   Renewable Energy for Rural Households
-   Community Based Rural Tourism
-   School for Sustainable Living and Livelihood
-   Climate Change Adaptation
Policy Impacts
   Capacity Building as a separate and pre-qualifying phase now adopted in all
   Government as well as donor funded WSD projects.
   The National Watershed Development Fund (NWDF) set up by Govt. of India
   at NABARD based on this approach.
   Participatory Net Planning (PNP) adopted by various state governments and
   other projects
   Has permission to treat Govt. Forest land under IGWDP & WOTR projects
   Government of Maharashtra adopted the handholding approach of WOTR
   involving NGOs and facilitating agencies as well as PNP for WSD.
   The Rajiv Gandhi Watershed mission (MP) adopted the PNP & Village
   Envisioning methodology. AP too has taken up PNP.
Replicability
   All NGOs trained by WOTR have undertaken government and other
   watershed development projects.
   4 Village Development Committees have taken up watershed development
   projects neighboring villages
   WOTR has assisted projects in Tanzania and Kenya and implemented this
   approach in Boroma district in Somaliland & now in Malawi
The Problem: Water Scarcity and Land Degradation

Today 1.7 billion people are water stressed around the world, by 2025 the
                    population would be over 3 billion.

     70 % of Maharashtra is arid, semi-arid, hot sub-humid; 85%
     agriculture is rain-dependent




    58 % of India is arid, semi-arid, hot sub-humid; 70% agriculture
    is rain-dependent




    30% of the Earth is semi-arid & 20% is hot arid lands
India SCR in semi-arid and rainfed regions of  Maharahtra
The Problems: Water, Fodder and Fuel Scarcity,
   Unproductive Lands, Distress Migration
The Problem: Poverty , Fractured Communities




               Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR)   10
The Indian Sub-continent: a Hot spot
or many hot spots

                            Arid Zone Pakistan,
                            Afghanistan and
                            Western India

                            Himalaya

                            The Middle Hills of
                            the Himalaya

                            Ganga Basin:

                            Coastal regions

                            The Deccan Plateau
According to Professor Goswami (2008) of IITM

Instead of Indian monsoon being stronger and
wetter, there is a potential for monsoon to go to a
mega-drought state with high frequency of
severe drought through nonlinear feedback within
the climate system.
Vulnerability of the poor


       Geographical exposure                                           Climate effects
       Poorest areas                                                   Increase in droughts, floods,
                                                                       cyclones, mudslides

                                                         The poor:
                                                     most exposed to
                                                      worst impacts,
                                                       least able to
                                                           cope
         Impacts
                                                                       Vulnerability factors
         • Food and water insecurity
                                                                       Bio-physical & Socio-economic
         • Increased forced migration
         • Incidence of diseases
         • Ecosystem changes

Source: adapted from IPPC, 2001, 2007; Tyndall & IIED, 2003
The Local Context to be Addressed
• Weather variations – disturbance in the regular weather patterns
  (droughts and drought like situations: delayed monsoons, increased dry spells
  between rains; sudden cloud bursts and unseasonal rains, floods for the down
  stream villages)
• Natural resource base for livelihoods – Heavy dependency on natural resource
   base with tiny percentage of people depend on non-land based income sources. Distress
   migration and migration for work during the summer months.


• The Current attitudes: individualistic survival approach resource
   exploitation with no care for tomorrow; survive on what one gets today – let tomorrow take
   care for itself


• The isolated village approach
• Large number of vulnerable people:               (1719 out of 4314 HHs with land less than 1 ha)
Impact Details

                          Livestock and Milk Production (1996 – 2009)
                                     Livestock & Milk Production
                      250                                                                                      1,600


                                                                                                               1,400

                      200
                                                                                                               1,200
   No. of Livestock




                                                                                                                       No. / Milk in lit.
                                                                                                               1,000
                      150

                                                                                                               800

                      100
                                                                                                               600


                                                                                                               400
                      50

                                                                                                               200


                      -                                                                                        -
                            1995    1996    1997    1998    1999    2000   2001   2005   2007   2008   2009
Av. Milk prod ( daily)       -       -       -      241     653     662    788    550    490    378    360
Cross breed                  14      15      19      39      58     85     113    97     88     40      51
Indigenous Cow              170     148      91     117      96     100    101    85     65     60     200
Sheep                       1,323   1,017   1,092   1,172   1,301   992    434    610    604    510    1,487
                                                                    Year
Our Response

An Action Research Approach Project
The Project Area Location Map
Wateshed Features and Villages Sangamner Clusters
Project Area and Scope

• Project area: 25 villages

• Direct impact: approximately 4314 HH of 23,345 persons of
  which:
• STs are 1905 HHs (44%)
• SCs are 260 HHs ( 6%)
• OBCs are 279 HHs (7%)
• NTs are 83 HHs (2%)
• Others are 1787 HHs (41%)

•   Total Project Area:            18,503 ha (185 sq.kms)
•   Area Previously Treated:        8,634 ha (47%)
•   Treatment not required:         1,976 ha (11%)
•   Net Area to be Treated:         7,833 ha (42%)
Project Area
•   The project area is widely representative - agro-climatically, demographically,
    economically and vulnerability wise - of most of rain-fed agrarian India where the
    bulk of the poor live.

•   It represents 2 of the 9 agro-ecological zones of the state [Zone 5 (Transition
    Zone 2) and Zone 6 (the Scarcity Zone)] and covers 40% of the state.
     High congruence and relevance to Zones 3, 4 and 7. Altogether cover over 75%
    of the state.

•   Areas selected are culturally and ethnically different (tribal and non-tribal),
    represent different levels of backwardness and integration with the wider
    economy

•   Area is reasonably well connected, accessible, not far from major markets, close
    to taluka HQ and close to Mumbai and Pune.

•   WOTR has long presence, substantial works, close relationship with the people
    and governance framework – trust, relationships and credibility is crucial to
    success of this project
The Project: Goals and Objectives
Overall Vision Food, water, livelihoods and income security and an improving quality of life
         Vision:
   to vulnerable and disadvantaged communities on a sustainable and equitable basis is
   ensured.
Overall Goal To build the capacities of vulnerable communities in clusters to adapt to climate
        Goal:
   change, contribute to mitigation and undertake measures to reduce poverty and improve
   well being on a sustainable and equitable basis.
Specific Objectives:
• Understanding how locally experienced climate related variations/ changes affect
   agriculture and livestock productivity levels
• Development of climate smart tested approaches and best practices that can be quickly
   adopted by village communities and up-scaled.
• Development and promotion of livelihoods that are resilient to climate variations and
   promotion o f technologies and practices that enhance the productivity of water,
   agriculture, livestock and livelihoods.
• Development of tools and IT enabled systems to validate, assess and adjust initiatives that
   seek to promote adaptation as well as capture additionalities.
• Generation of knowledge from field experiences and its widespread dissemination with a
   view to policy change.
• Support the Government of India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change.
Framework for Vulnerability and Climate Change
                        Adaptation
Emissions                                                    Implementation
                                  Non
                                Climatic      Mitigative        Mitigation
Concentrations                  Drivers       Capacity
                                                                Facilitation

Climate           Climate
                                Non Climatic Factors
Change           Variability
                                                             Implementation

          Exposure                  Sensitivity   Adaptive
                                                               Adaptation
                                                  Capacity

                                                               Facilitation
                 Impacts


                         Vulnerability
Contextual Vulnerability – Starting point Evaluation or
Internal Social Vulnerability
                         Climate Change


 Political and
                       Climate Variability       Economic , Social
 Institutional
                       and Change                and Cultural
 Structures and
                                                 Structures
 Changes



                      Contextual Conditions

      Institutional       Contextual          Socio Economical
                         Vulnerability

      Biophysical                             Technological



                        Project Responses
WOTR’s Engine for CC Adaptation…
Interventions & Measures…
 A. Promotion of Climate Change Adaptive Behaviour
             and Disaster Risk Mitigation

• Participatory, Comprehensive and Integrated Ecosystems
  Management along Watershed lines
• Integration of Biodiversity Concerns in Adaptation Measures
• Promoting Food Security through Sustainable Agriculture

       1. Micro-Farming /LEISA/IPM/INM/IMM/ SRI
       2. Agro-Meteorological-Hydrological Monitoring For Advisories
       3. Development of integrated crop- micro-irrigation systems linked
          to agro-meteorological conditions.
       4. Sustainable livelihoods
       5. Gender and women’s empowerment
Regenerating Natural Resources and
 Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods




           Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR)   26
Land Treatments: Catching Rainwater Everywhere!


                                        Stone Bunds
Drainage Line Treatments: Water Conservation
Impacts On Food Security, Livelihoods and Education
Interventions & Measures (contd)

B. Promotion of Renewable Energy

  • For household cooking and lighting
  • Green field/ Emerging Technologies.



C. Capacity Building, Knowledge Generation,
  Dissemination and Policy Dialogue

  • Training, Experience Sharing and Advisory Services.
  • Action Research and Communications (Print, Audio-Visual,
    Electronic, Publications).
  • Development of Tool Kits, Indicator Sets and Technology enabled
    Monitoring systems.
  • The School of Sustainable Living and Livelihoods (SSLL)
  • Policy Advocacy and Dialogue
Bringing the Village Together




        Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR)   31
How this is done: Coming together to regenerate the
                    Environment
  The Village chooses to implement the project (self-selection)
  Agree to non-negotiable disciplines

  Village institutions are involved / set up:
       •    The General Village Body (Gram Sabha of all adult members)
       •     The Village Council and the Village Development Committee
            (representative of all communities including landless poor)
       •    The Women’s Self-Help Groups & their Apex Body
       •    The Forest Protection Committee & others
What is done: Community Engagement

Village Envisioning for developmental activities


Designing and Planning the project, step by step


Capacity Building


Implementation


Maintenance of Accounts, Records and Reporting


Participatory Impact Monitoring & Peer Group Assessment
What is done: Important Aspects for continued
    Community Engagement & Sustainability

Key Issues consciously addressed:
   Inclusiveness and equity (community takes responsibility)
   Gender Sensitivity
   Transparency

Plan for Sustainability:
   Maintenance Fund
   Water Budgeting
   Quality Education & with an eco-systems focus
   Linkages with government and other service providers
    Addressing related issues (eg renewable energy; rural tourism)   34
Snapshot of Some Planned
      Innovations
Integration of Biodiversity Concerns…
• Ecosystems – the natural basis of human
  beings – should be enabled to naturally adapt
  to climate change
• Need for a toolkit
  – To facilitate the integration of biodiversity
    concerns into climate change adaptation projects




                                                       36
Livelihoods                          Climate
                                     Change
                                   Information
                                                      Adjusted
                                                       project
                                                      activities
 Climatic
 hazards
                  Livelihood
                                                    Sustainable
                  Resources           CASDAAT
                                                       coping
                 (5 Capitals)
                                                     Strategies

  Project
 activities
                                                   Additionalities



     Existing
     Coping
    Strategies
                      Climate Adaptive Sustainable Development
                      Assessment & Adjustment Tool (CASDAAT)37
Weatherstation
  with sensors
  1. Weather sensors
  2. Weather Data collection




Weatherstation
Console                        Agromet
1. Weather data acquisition    Console (Laptop )
2. Local storage               1. Storage and Archiving of weather
                                   data
                               2. Storage of IK
                               3. Agromet advisory generation
2.   Agricultural Meteorology in the context of CCA
3. Water Budgeting and Management


a.   The Need for Water Budgeting and Management

b.   Community mobilization for WB

c.   Training of Jal Sevak (for agri-ment and WB), WB committee at village and cluster
     level

d.   Sub-committee for WB at village level

e.   Promotion of water conservation practices: well recharge, micro-irrigation, check
     for leakages, water in households
e.   Activities: (i) Crop planning according to water availability
                   (ii) Judicious use of water through micro-irrigation
                   (iii) records of water budgeting in the village
School of Sustainable Living and
                Livelihoods

• Ecological Community Organisers (ECOs)
• Rural Chroniclers (RCs)
• Water Use Promoters(Jal Sevaks)
• Agriculture Promoters (Krushi Sevaks)
• Health Promoters (Mahila Arogya
  Pravartaks)
• School Strengthening Program
Knowledge Management

• On-going Action Research

• Thematic and issue based studies

• Best Practices and Experiences documented

• Dissemination of Knowledge Products and Processes
THE IMPACTS




 Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR)   43
The Impacts of Watershed Development


                  Rainfall, Green Vegetation and Barren
                       Land (Jan.'96 and Dec.'99)


           1500

           1200
                     1197.45

           900
                                                 858
                           819.5          773
           600

           300
                                                                115
                                                                      30
             0
                   Rainfall (mm)     Green Veg.(ha.)     Barren Land
                                                             (ha.)
                               January 1996     December 1999
IMPACTS on Water



Water harvested in a year of 400mm rain fall

•   On 1000 acres 745 million liters
•   On 1,490,000 acres , 1,110 billion litres/
    annum (1.1 trillion litres)
Impacts on Agriculture Productivity and Local Employment




   Consolidated for 5 villages




                                  Consolidated for 10 villages
Darewadi-Impacts
                                  Income From Agriculture (1996 – 2009)
                 60



                 50



                 40
Rs. In Million




                 30



                 20



                 10



                  -
                        Cash Crops   Cereal   Oil seed   Pulses   Vegetable   Milk   Fodder   Total
                 1996       -        1.27      0.32       2.41      2.61       -      4.01    10.61
                 2001     15.10      1.93      0.02       0.75      5.25      1.06    8.54    32.65
                 2009     32.53      4.13      0.04       0.92      2.63      0.82   14.88    55.93
Water Shortages : Fading Memories
Thank You
            for giving us your attention!




Do visit us at
www.wotr.org

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India SCR in semi-arid and rainfed regions of Maharahtra

  • 2. STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITIES OF RURAL COMMUNITIES TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN SEMI-ARID AND RAINFED REGIONS OF MAHARASHTRA
  • 3. Who We Are? Are? Watershed Organization Trust (WOTR), an NGO was established in 1993. Our Philosophy: Land degradation and water scarcity are the most intense and commonly felt needs of village communities that can bring diverse and competing groups of people together to begin their development process. Our Vision: Communities, especially the poor within, are empowered to live in dignity and secure their livelihood and well-being in sustainable ecosystems. Our Goal: To reach out to 1,500,000 direct stakeholders and cover 1,000,000 hectares (2,500,000 acres) by the year 2015
  • 4. WOTR’S Area of Operation • No. of People directly impacted: • WSD - +822,000 • SHGs - 92,100 • No. of Partner NGOs - 184 • No. of Watershed Villages - 1026 • No. of Project Villages 2172 • Total Area Covered (ha) - 596,000 ha • No. of People Trained - 225,000
  • 5. WOTR’s Core Areas /Competencies • Integrated Water Resources Management / Watershed Development /Natural Resources Management • Capacity Building & Institutional Development • Women’s Empowerment, Health and Environmental Education in Schools • Knowledge Management and Dissemination • ICT : Application of IT, Communication and Documentation • Policy Advocacy , Networking and Linkage Building • South to South Exchanges • Consultancy Services New Areas of Interventions: - Renewable Energy for Rural Households - Community Based Rural Tourism - School for Sustainable Living and Livelihood - Climate Change Adaptation
  • 6. Policy Impacts Capacity Building as a separate and pre-qualifying phase now adopted in all Government as well as donor funded WSD projects. The National Watershed Development Fund (NWDF) set up by Govt. of India at NABARD based on this approach. Participatory Net Planning (PNP) adopted by various state governments and other projects Has permission to treat Govt. Forest land under IGWDP & WOTR projects Government of Maharashtra adopted the handholding approach of WOTR involving NGOs and facilitating agencies as well as PNP for WSD. The Rajiv Gandhi Watershed mission (MP) adopted the PNP & Village Envisioning methodology. AP too has taken up PNP. Replicability All NGOs trained by WOTR have undertaken government and other watershed development projects. 4 Village Development Committees have taken up watershed development projects neighboring villages WOTR has assisted projects in Tanzania and Kenya and implemented this approach in Boroma district in Somaliland & now in Malawi
  • 7. The Problem: Water Scarcity and Land Degradation Today 1.7 billion people are water stressed around the world, by 2025 the population would be over 3 billion. 70 % of Maharashtra is arid, semi-arid, hot sub-humid; 85% agriculture is rain-dependent 58 % of India is arid, semi-arid, hot sub-humid; 70% agriculture is rain-dependent 30% of the Earth is semi-arid & 20% is hot arid lands
  • 9. The Problems: Water, Fodder and Fuel Scarcity, Unproductive Lands, Distress Migration
  • 10. The Problem: Poverty , Fractured Communities Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) 10
  • 11. The Indian Sub-continent: a Hot spot or many hot spots Arid Zone Pakistan, Afghanistan and Western India Himalaya The Middle Hills of the Himalaya Ganga Basin: Coastal regions The Deccan Plateau
  • 12. According to Professor Goswami (2008) of IITM Instead of Indian monsoon being stronger and wetter, there is a potential for monsoon to go to a mega-drought state with high frequency of severe drought through nonlinear feedback within the climate system.
  • 13. Vulnerability of the poor Geographical exposure Climate effects Poorest areas Increase in droughts, floods, cyclones, mudslides The poor: most exposed to worst impacts, least able to cope Impacts Vulnerability factors • Food and water insecurity Bio-physical & Socio-economic • Increased forced migration • Incidence of diseases • Ecosystem changes Source: adapted from IPPC, 2001, 2007; Tyndall & IIED, 2003
  • 14. The Local Context to be Addressed • Weather variations – disturbance in the regular weather patterns (droughts and drought like situations: delayed monsoons, increased dry spells between rains; sudden cloud bursts and unseasonal rains, floods for the down stream villages) • Natural resource base for livelihoods – Heavy dependency on natural resource base with tiny percentage of people depend on non-land based income sources. Distress migration and migration for work during the summer months. • The Current attitudes: individualistic survival approach resource exploitation with no care for tomorrow; survive on what one gets today – let tomorrow take care for itself • The isolated village approach • Large number of vulnerable people: (1719 out of 4314 HHs with land less than 1 ha)
  • 15. Impact Details Livestock and Milk Production (1996 – 2009) Livestock & Milk Production 250 1,600 1,400 200 1,200 No. of Livestock No. / Milk in lit. 1,000 150 800 100 600 400 50 200 - - 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2005 2007 2008 2009 Av. Milk prod ( daily) - - - 241 653 662 788 550 490 378 360 Cross breed 14 15 19 39 58 85 113 97 88 40 51 Indigenous Cow 170 148 91 117 96 100 101 85 65 60 200 Sheep 1,323 1,017 1,092 1,172 1,301 992 434 610 604 510 1,487 Year
  • 16. Our Response An Action Research Approach Project
  • 17. The Project Area Location Map
  • 18. Wateshed Features and Villages Sangamner Clusters
  • 19. Project Area and Scope • Project area: 25 villages • Direct impact: approximately 4314 HH of 23,345 persons of which: • STs are 1905 HHs (44%) • SCs are 260 HHs ( 6%) • OBCs are 279 HHs (7%) • NTs are 83 HHs (2%) • Others are 1787 HHs (41%) • Total Project Area: 18,503 ha (185 sq.kms) • Area Previously Treated: 8,634 ha (47%) • Treatment not required: 1,976 ha (11%) • Net Area to be Treated: 7,833 ha (42%)
  • 20. Project Area • The project area is widely representative - agro-climatically, demographically, economically and vulnerability wise - of most of rain-fed agrarian India where the bulk of the poor live. • It represents 2 of the 9 agro-ecological zones of the state [Zone 5 (Transition Zone 2) and Zone 6 (the Scarcity Zone)] and covers 40% of the state. High congruence and relevance to Zones 3, 4 and 7. Altogether cover over 75% of the state. • Areas selected are culturally and ethnically different (tribal and non-tribal), represent different levels of backwardness and integration with the wider economy • Area is reasonably well connected, accessible, not far from major markets, close to taluka HQ and close to Mumbai and Pune. • WOTR has long presence, substantial works, close relationship with the people and governance framework – trust, relationships and credibility is crucial to success of this project
  • 21. The Project: Goals and Objectives Overall Vision Food, water, livelihoods and income security and an improving quality of life Vision: to vulnerable and disadvantaged communities on a sustainable and equitable basis is ensured. Overall Goal To build the capacities of vulnerable communities in clusters to adapt to climate Goal: change, contribute to mitigation and undertake measures to reduce poverty and improve well being on a sustainable and equitable basis. Specific Objectives: • Understanding how locally experienced climate related variations/ changes affect agriculture and livestock productivity levels • Development of climate smart tested approaches and best practices that can be quickly adopted by village communities and up-scaled. • Development and promotion of livelihoods that are resilient to climate variations and promotion o f technologies and practices that enhance the productivity of water, agriculture, livestock and livelihoods. • Development of tools and IT enabled systems to validate, assess and adjust initiatives that seek to promote adaptation as well as capture additionalities. • Generation of knowledge from field experiences and its widespread dissemination with a view to policy change. • Support the Government of India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change.
  • 22. Framework for Vulnerability and Climate Change Adaptation Emissions Implementation Non Climatic Mitigative Mitigation Concentrations Drivers Capacity Facilitation Climate Climate Non Climatic Factors Change Variability Implementation Exposure Sensitivity Adaptive Adaptation Capacity Facilitation Impacts Vulnerability
  • 23. Contextual Vulnerability – Starting point Evaluation or Internal Social Vulnerability Climate Change Political and Climate Variability Economic , Social Institutional and Change and Cultural Structures and Structures Changes Contextual Conditions Institutional Contextual Socio Economical Vulnerability Biophysical Technological Project Responses
  • 24. WOTR’s Engine for CC Adaptation…
  • 25. Interventions & Measures… A. Promotion of Climate Change Adaptive Behaviour and Disaster Risk Mitigation • Participatory, Comprehensive and Integrated Ecosystems Management along Watershed lines • Integration of Biodiversity Concerns in Adaptation Measures • Promoting Food Security through Sustainable Agriculture 1. Micro-Farming /LEISA/IPM/INM/IMM/ SRI 2. Agro-Meteorological-Hydrological Monitoring For Advisories 3. Development of integrated crop- micro-irrigation systems linked to agro-meteorological conditions. 4. Sustainable livelihoods 5. Gender and women’s empowerment
  • 26. Regenerating Natural Resources and Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) 26
  • 27. Land Treatments: Catching Rainwater Everywhere! Stone Bunds
  • 28. Drainage Line Treatments: Water Conservation
  • 29. Impacts On Food Security, Livelihoods and Education
  • 30. Interventions & Measures (contd) B. Promotion of Renewable Energy • For household cooking and lighting • Green field/ Emerging Technologies. C. Capacity Building, Knowledge Generation, Dissemination and Policy Dialogue • Training, Experience Sharing and Advisory Services. • Action Research and Communications (Print, Audio-Visual, Electronic, Publications). • Development of Tool Kits, Indicator Sets and Technology enabled Monitoring systems. • The School of Sustainable Living and Livelihoods (SSLL) • Policy Advocacy and Dialogue
  • 31. Bringing the Village Together Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) 31
  • 32. How this is done: Coming together to regenerate the Environment The Village chooses to implement the project (self-selection) Agree to non-negotiable disciplines Village institutions are involved / set up: • The General Village Body (Gram Sabha of all adult members) • The Village Council and the Village Development Committee (representative of all communities including landless poor) • The Women’s Self-Help Groups & their Apex Body • The Forest Protection Committee & others
  • 33. What is done: Community Engagement Village Envisioning for developmental activities Designing and Planning the project, step by step Capacity Building Implementation Maintenance of Accounts, Records and Reporting Participatory Impact Monitoring & Peer Group Assessment
  • 34. What is done: Important Aspects for continued Community Engagement & Sustainability Key Issues consciously addressed: Inclusiveness and equity (community takes responsibility) Gender Sensitivity Transparency Plan for Sustainability: Maintenance Fund Water Budgeting Quality Education & with an eco-systems focus Linkages with government and other service providers Addressing related issues (eg renewable energy; rural tourism) 34
  • 35. Snapshot of Some Planned Innovations
  • 36. Integration of Biodiversity Concerns… • Ecosystems – the natural basis of human beings – should be enabled to naturally adapt to climate change • Need for a toolkit – To facilitate the integration of biodiversity concerns into climate change adaptation projects 36
  • 37. Livelihoods Climate Change Information Adjusted project activities Climatic hazards Livelihood Sustainable Resources CASDAAT coping (5 Capitals) Strategies Project activities Additionalities Existing Coping Strategies Climate Adaptive Sustainable Development Assessment & Adjustment Tool (CASDAAT)37
  • 38. Weatherstation with sensors 1. Weather sensors 2. Weather Data collection Weatherstation Console Agromet 1. Weather data acquisition Console (Laptop ) 2. Local storage 1. Storage and Archiving of weather data 2. Storage of IK 3. Agromet advisory generation
  • 39. 2. Agricultural Meteorology in the context of CCA
  • 40. 3. Water Budgeting and Management a. The Need for Water Budgeting and Management b. Community mobilization for WB c. Training of Jal Sevak (for agri-ment and WB), WB committee at village and cluster level d. Sub-committee for WB at village level e. Promotion of water conservation practices: well recharge, micro-irrigation, check for leakages, water in households e. Activities: (i) Crop planning according to water availability (ii) Judicious use of water through micro-irrigation (iii) records of water budgeting in the village
  • 41. School of Sustainable Living and Livelihoods • Ecological Community Organisers (ECOs) • Rural Chroniclers (RCs) • Water Use Promoters(Jal Sevaks) • Agriculture Promoters (Krushi Sevaks) • Health Promoters (Mahila Arogya Pravartaks) • School Strengthening Program
  • 42. Knowledge Management • On-going Action Research • Thematic and issue based studies • Best Practices and Experiences documented • Dissemination of Knowledge Products and Processes
  • 43. THE IMPACTS Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) 43
  • 44. The Impacts of Watershed Development Rainfall, Green Vegetation and Barren Land (Jan.'96 and Dec.'99) 1500 1200 1197.45 900 858 819.5 773 600 300 115 30 0 Rainfall (mm) Green Veg.(ha.) Barren Land (ha.) January 1996 December 1999
  • 45. IMPACTS on Water Water harvested in a year of 400mm rain fall • On 1000 acres 745 million liters • On 1,490,000 acres , 1,110 billion litres/ annum (1.1 trillion litres)
  • 46. Impacts on Agriculture Productivity and Local Employment Consolidated for 5 villages Consolidated for 10 villages
  • 47. Darewadi-Impacts Income From Agriculture (1996 – 2009) 60 50 40 Rs. In Million 30 20 10 - Cash Crops Cereal Oil seed Pulses Vegetable Milk Fodder Total 1996 - 1.27 0.32 2.41 2.61 - 4.01 10.61 2001 15.10 1.93 0.02 0.75 5.25 1.06 8.54 32.65 2009 32.53 4.13 0.04 0.92 2.63 0.82 14.88 55.93
  • 48. Water Shortages : Fading Memories
  • 49. Thank You for giving us your attention! Do visit us at www.wotr.org