Hou Maolin — Influence of climate change on bionomics of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens

Influence of climate change on
bionomics of the brown
planthopper,
planthopper Nilaparvata
lugens
g

Maolin Hou, Yi L
M li H Ying Long, B k Shi
Baokun

Institute of Plant Protection
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
y g

Climate change and occurrence
of the brown planthopper

Dr. Maolin Hou, Group of Rice Insect Pests, IPP, CAAS
2011/11/16

Global warming
g

Temperature anomalies (relative to the twentieth century
2011/11/16 mean) in the north hemisphere. Gustafson, 2010

Global warming
g

Temperature anomalies in Sept (relative to the mean from
Sept.
1948 to 2005) in temperate zone (116º~122ºE, 28º~33ºN) of
2011/11/16
China

Atmospheric CO2 level
p

2011/11/16 Gustafson, 2010

Brown planthopper (BPH)
p pp ( )
Migratory insect pest
Overwinter only in the south of China
Prefer high temperature (25 28ºC)
temperat re (25-28ºC)
Damage only cultivated and wild rice

Brachyptery Macroptery

2011/11/16

BPH damage
g
Piercing phloem-sap
phloem sap Virus disease

Transmit virus diseases

Piercing sap

Hopperburn
pp

2011/11/16

BPH occurrence regions

Sporadic occurrence
Frequent occurrence
Heavy occurrence

2011/11/16 Hu et al，1997

BPH occurrence severity
y
4

3

2

1

0
1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005
-1

-2
Occurrence anomalies of the brown planthopper (0
2011/11/16 represents moderate occurrence) in China

Occurrence acreage
g
60000
(×667 hectare-time) 发生面积

50000
发生面积（万亩次）

40000

30000

20000
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2011/11/16

Most heavy occurrence in
2005

Swarming around road lamp

Light trapped

2011/11/16

Reasons underlying BPH
heavy occurrence
Since th 1970 BPH outbreaks occurred predominantly i
Si the 1970s, tb k d d i tl in
the autumn, most of which are attributable, to a large extent,
to favorable climatic conditions notably favorable
conditions,
temperature (Cheng et al. 2003, Cheng and Zhu 2006).

Climate change

CO2 level Temperature

BPH Rice

2011/11/16

Interpreting climate change
effects
What will be the population trend of and damage by BPH at
the future climate scenario?

Closed chamber test Literature Open-top chamber test

Bionomic parameters
Climate change scenario Population growth model
Population dynamics
Yield damage model
Yi ld d d l
Yield damage

2011/11/16

Effects of temperature on mate
mate-
location behavior in BPH

2011/11/16

Temperature & mate-location
behavior
BPH
Climate change
Quick development, high survival,
(Busch et al 2008)
al. long lifespan, high fecundity (Li
1984；Chen 1986；Gu et al. 1993；
Suitable Dai et al. 1997)
Warm autumn
temperature
High mating rate (Liu et al. 2004）

Mate-location signals

2011/11/16

behavior
• Mate-location signals in BPH: acoustic signals produced by
abdominal vibration.
• The signals are transmitted via rice stems.

2011/11/16

behavior
• Experiment design
Temperature treatment: 20, 28 and 32ºC;
CO2 concentration: ambient;
5 d old virgin brachypterous adults
Photoperiod L:D = 14:8 light intensity 3000lx
14:8,
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2011/11/16

behavior
• Production of mate-location signals in brachypterous females
g yp
♀

quency per female
100 ns A 10 B
% vibrating females
s

80 8

60 6

Vibration freq
40 4
ns *
*
20 2

0 0
20℃ 28℃ 32℃ 20℃ 28℃ 32℃

Percent of vibrating females were reduced at temperatures
of 20 and 32ºC as compared with 28ºC (A).
2011/11/16

behavior
• Production of mate-location signals in brachypterous females
g yp
♀
male (s)

C 40 D

Duration of single vibrati (s)
350 a a

ion
300 35
ation per fem

30
250 a
a 25
200
20 a
150
15
ibration dura

100 b
10
50 5
0 0
Vi

20℃ 28℃ 32℃ 20℃ 28℃ 32℃

Abdominal vibration lasted longer at both 20ºC and 28ºC
than at 32ºC (C).
2011/11/16

behavior
• Production of mate-location signals in brachypterous males
g yp
♂
100 A 7 B

Vibration frequency pe male
6

er
80
brating males
s

5
60 4
3
40 *
% vib

f
2 ns
20
1

0 0
20℃ 28℃ 20℃ 28℃

The males exposed to 32ºC all showed no abdominal
p
vibration. At 20ºC, percent of vibrating males (A) was
significantly reduced than that at 28ºC.
2011/11/16

behavior
• Production of mate-location signals in brachypterous males
g yp
♂
D

ation (s)
20
C
Vibration duration per male (s)

120 a a
100

Duration of single vibra
15
80

60 10

f
40
5
20 b
b
0 0
V

20℃ 28℃ 20℃ 28℃

Vibration duration per male ( ) and duration of single
p (C) g
vibration (D) were significantly shortened at 20ºC than
at 28ºC.
2011/11/16

behavior
• Perception of mate-location signals
p g
ns A
ns B
siveness to female

100 100

ales
% males located fema
f

80 80
ration (%)

60 60
* ns
ns *
40 40
Male respons
vibr

20 20

0 0
M

20℃ 28℃ 32℃ 20℃ 28℃ 32℃

At 20ºC male responsiveness was reduced than at 28ºC (A)
20ºC, (A).
Fewer males located females at 32ºC than at 28ºC (B).

2011/11/16

behavior
• Perception of mate-location signals
p g
C
Time needed for mate locati (s)

700
ion

600 a
a
500
400
300
200 b
100
n

0
20℃ 28℃ 32℃

The time needed for mate location was prolonged at both
20ºC and 32ºC than at 28ºC.
2011/11/16

behavior
• Conclusion

Unsuitable temperature

Inhibit production of Impair perception of
mate-location signals
g mate-location signals
g

Low rate of mate location and mating
mate-location

Warm autumn

High rate of mating and population growth

2011/11/16

Effects of elevated CO2 on BPH
fitness

2011/11/16

CO2 and BPH fitness

CO2

Rice
Closed chamber Closed chamber

BPH

2011/11/16
Open-top chamber

CO2 and BPH fitness

• Experiment design
CO2 treatment: 360 ppm (ambient, aCO2) and 750
ppm (elevated, eCO2);
(elevated
Temperature: 28ºC/23ºC for day/night cycle
Relative humidity: 70-80%
Photoperiod L:D = 14:8, light intensity 5500-6500 lx

2011/11/16

CO2 and BPH fitness

mary
20 a a

ers
• Rice development

meter of prim
stem (cm) and no. of tille
35
15
360 ppm 750 ppm
Leaf area (cm ), width and length

a
30 a
25
10

d
Heigh and diam
20
5 a a a
(cm)

15
a a a
2

10 b
a

m
0

ht
5
0 Height of Diameter of No. tillers
Leaf area Leaf width Leaf length primary stem primary stem

14
Weigh of stem an root (mg)

12 b
10 a
nd

8
6
4 b a
2 a
Elevated CO2 reduced fresh
a
ht

0
and dry weight of rice stem.
Stem fresh Stem dry Root dry
2011/11/16
weight weight weight

CO2 and BPH fitness

• BPH orientation, oviposition and feeding preference
orientation
2.5 80
No. insec landing on plants

360 ppm 750 ppm a a a
2.0 a

ed
a 60

No. eggs deposite
1.5 a
40
1.0
cts

20

e
0.5

0.0 0

24h 48h 360 ppm 750 ppm
Weigh of honeyde per three

30 a
25
a
mg)

20
ew
females (m

15
10 BPH showed no preference
5 between rice plants cultured
ht

0
2011/11/16 360 ppm 750 ppm
at aCO2 and eCO2.

CO2 and BPH fitness
• BPH offspring development
20 360 ppm 750 ppm 30 a a 360 ppm 750 ppm
ation (d)

a 25

Adult weight (µg)
a
15 a b a a a a b 20
ngevity or dura

a
a
15 b a a
10
10
Lon

5
5
B female all B female B male M male 0

Adult Nymph BF MM BM

On eCO2 plants, BPH macropterous male nymphs developed
slower but macropterous male adults were heavier.
2011/11/16

CO2 and BPH fitness
• BPH offspring wing dimorphism and sex ratio
chyptery

2.5 0.8 a 360 ppm 750 ppm
360 ppm 750 ppm a
a a
2

rm
0.6
06
ptery to brac
male to malee

Ratio of wing for
1.5 a
0.4 a
a
1
Ratio of macrop
and fem

b

o
0.2 b
0.5
a
0 0
M/B Female/Male BF MM BM

More brachypterous BPH adults were produced on eCO2
plants. No difference in sex ratio was observed.
2011/11/16

CO2 and BPH fitness
• BPH offspring fecundity
250
600 360 ppm 750 ppm
b

sited
500 200
male

No. eggs depos
No. eggs per fem

400 150
a
300
100
200
e

50
100
0 0
360 ppm 750 ppm 1 -10d 10-15d 16-20d 20-25d 25-30d 30-35d
10d 10 15d 16 20d 20 25d 25 30d 30 35d

BPH offspring females from eCO2 plants produced fewer eggs.

2011/11/16

CO2 and BPH fitness
• Free amino acid (AA) in rice stems
AA aCO2 eCO2 AA aCO2 eCO2

Concentrations 2a five140 0±3 9a Ile
Asp 136.2±19.2a
136 2±19 of 140.0±3.9a increased in eCO plants the
free AAs 27.3±0.8a
27 3±0 8a plants, 8a
2
25.4±0.8a
25 4±0

total concentration of all free --- Lue not 35.9±0.4b
Thr --- AAs did change. 32.8±1.0a

Ser 394.9±39.3a 393.4±11.4a Tyr 21.5±0.3a 19.8±0.6a
Glu 125.7±10.6a 123.0±3.4a Phe 34.9±2.7a 34.1±1.0a
Gly 11.3±0.2b 10.0±0.2a His 92.5±4.7a 87.4±2.4a
Ala 75.6±8.5a 78.2±3.0a Lys 57.0±0.9b 50.6±0.9a

Cys 51.2±2.2a 47.4±0.6a Arg 57.8±2.0a 54.1±1.6a
Val 88.7±3.2a 82.1±1.3a Pro 14.4±0.2b 13.2±0.4a
Met Maolin Hou, Group of Rice Insect Pests, IPP, CAAS
Dr. 10.4±0.2b 9.1±0.1a Total 1235.3±94.6a 1200.4±31.2a
2011/11/16

CO2 and BPH fitness
• Free amino acid (AA) in BPH honeydew the total of all free AAs
Concentrations of nine free AAs and
increased in honeydew of BPH on eCO2 plants.
AA aCO2 eCO2 AA aCO2 eCO2
Asp 125.8±2.2a 275.4±2.5b Ile 3.1±0.2a 10.3±0.2b
Thr 23.7±1.0a 27.8±0.8a Lue 2.7±0.1a 14.1±0.1b
Ser 46.2±1.1a 43.6±1.2a Tyr 7.1±1.0a 12.0±0.9b
Glu 158.5±4.2a 360.4±5.6b Phe 5.1±0.7a 12.2±0.6b
Gly 22.3±0.6b 13.0±0.5a His 16.5±0.2a 53.5±1.3b
Ala 26.3±0.6a 30.6±0.8b Lys 14.6±0.6a 13.6±0.3a
Cys 9.8±0.1a 17.0±0.6b Arg 11.4±0.2a 12.1±0.7a

Val 21.2±2.7a 83.8±2.3b Pro 8.7±1.0a 9.8±0.3a

Dr. Maolin Hou, Group of Rice 3.7±0.2b Total CAAS
Met --- Insect Pests, IPP, 503.1±8.3a 989.1±15.0b
2011/11/16

CO2 and BPH fitness
• Conclusion and discussion

Elevated CO2 increased the ratio of BPH brachypterous adults,
but decreased oviposition and thus reduced population growth.
oviposition, growth
Decreased concentration of Lys and Gly in rice stems might
result in the changes in wing form and oviposition at eCO2.
lt i th h i i f d i iti t CO
(Zhang et al. 1985)
How is the interactive effects of CO2 and temperature on BPH
population?

2011/11/16

Thanks！
The research is supported by National Basic Research Program of China
(
(2010CB951503) )

Dr
D MAOLIN HOU
Institute of Plant Protection
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2011/11/16 报告人：侯茂林
2011/11/16 mlhou@ippcaas.cn

Hou Maolin — Influence of climate change on bionomics of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens

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