The document describes the Direct Method, an approach to foreign language teaching developed in the late 19th century. The Direct Method teaches language through use of the target language exclusively in the classroom, without translation. Grammar is learned inductively through examples and practice, not explicit rule explanations. Vocabulary is taught through demonstration and everyday contexts rather than memorization. The goal is practical communication skills through oral interaction and self-correction.

2. The Direct Method of language
teaching is also called:
The Reform
Method
The Natural
Method
The AntiGrammatical
Method
The Berlitz
Method

3. The Direct Method was developed by
Maximilian Berlitz towards the end of
the 19th century as a reaction to the
Grammar Translation Method.

4. The Direct Method is named “direct”
because meaning should be
connected directly with the target
language without translation into the
native language.
meaning
target
language

5. Basically, the Direct Method aims to
provide language learners with a
practically useful knowledge of
language. Knowing a language is
being able to speak it.

6. This method argues that a foreign
language can be taught without
translation, unlike the argument of the
Grammar-Translation Method.

7. Rather than translating the teaching
material, the teacher is expected to
directly use the target language in
class because a language can best
be taught by using it actively in the
classroom.

8. The teacher should not explain but
associate the meaning through action
and demonstration.

9. In this way, learners will be able to
induce grammar rules through
examples, illustrations, and
demonstrations.

10. This method replaces the textbook
with teacher-student / student-student
activities such as reading
aloud, question-answer exercises, fillin-the-blank exercises, etc.

11. Correct pronunciation is given careful
attention in this method. In
addition, new vocabulary is taught by
using known words.

12. 1. Classroom instruction is conducted
exclusively in the target language. The
teacher should demonstrate, not
explain or translate.
NEVER TRANSLATE: DEMONSTRATE

13. 2. Only everyday vocabulary and
sentences are taught.
BASIC VOCABULARY IS GIVEN FIRST

14. 3. Grammar is taught inductively. There
may never be an explicit grammar
rule given.
DO NOT GIVE RULES:
MAKE THEM FIGURE OUT THE RULE.

15. 4. New teaching points are introduced
orally.
ORAL TRANSMISSION

16. 5. Correct pronunciation and grammar
are emphasized.

17. 6. Both speech and listening
comprehension are taught.

18. 7. Vocabulary is taught through known
words, demonstration, authentic
objects (realia), pictures, and miming.

19. 8. The teacher, by asking the student to
make a choice, gets him to correct his
own error.
LEARNING BY SELF-CORRECTION

20. 9. The syllabus is based on situations or
topics, not usually on linguistic
structures.
CONTEXTUAL/TOPICAL TEACHING

21. 10. Learning is not merely restricted with
formal language knowledge; it also
involves speaker conventions and
descriptive usage.
NOT formal BUT NATURAL USE

22. 11. Students should learn to think in the
target language as soon as possible.
Vocabulary is acquired more naturally
if students use it in full
sentences, rather than memorizing
word lists.
NOT memorization but PRODUCTION

23. 12. The purpose of language learning is
communication; therefore students
need to learn how to ask questions as
well as answer them.
COMMUNICATION-FIRST PRINCIPLE

24. 





Reading aloud
Question-answer exercise
Student self-correction
Conversation practice
Fill-in-the-blank exercise
Dictation

25. in terms of GRAMMAR
Direct Method
Grammar translation method
In the direct method, the
teacher provides the
knowledge in grammar
inductively through speaking.
The GTM focuses on grammar
rules and their application.
Language is learned through
rules.

26. in terms of VOCABULARY
Direct Method
Grammar translation method
The vocabulary is learned
through practice every day.
The vocabulary is learned
through direct translation of L1.
Students learn vocabulary
when they are translated.

27. in terms of TEACHER ATTITUDE
Direct Method
Grammar translation method
The role of the teacher is of
great importance. He asks
questions to students
constantly, encourages them to
participate in class and
corrects their mistakes
immediately.
The role of the teacher is not
very active because he just
limits his work to translate for the
students.

28. in terms of STUDENT ATTITUDE
Direct Method
Grammar translation method
The students are very actives,
their oral communication skills
are emphasized, they have to
speak a lot.
The accuracy from the students
is expected and they have to
practice by translation.

29. in terms of LANGUAGE SKILLS
Direct Method
Grammar translation method
Oral communication skills are
built up in a carefully grade
Primary skills to be improved:
Reading and writing.