Gross anatomy of Basal Nuclei & their connections, no clinical aspect is described.

1. DR. RUSHDAN ZAKARIAH
TRAINEE MEDICAL OFFICER
NEUROLOGY DEPARTMENT
DMCH

2. Collection of masses of gray matter situated
within each cerebral hemisphere.
The term ‘BASAL’ is used to denote the position
of the nuclei at the base of forebrain.

3. BASAL GANGLIA
BASAL NUCLEI

5. A) CAUDATE NUCLEUS
B) LENTIFORM NUCLEUS
(GLOBUS PALLIDUS & PUTAMEN)
C) CLAUSTRUM
D) AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS

6. A) Sub thalamic nucleus
B) Substantia Nigra (Mid brain)

8. MEDIAL GANGLIONIC
EMINENCE: Projection
neurons for Caudate,
Putamen
LATERAL GANGLIONIC
EMINENCE: Projection
neurons for Globus
Pallidus & most striated
inter neurons

10. Lies lateral to the lateral ventricles, C shaped, encloses
thalamus & internal capsule
o STRUCTURE: Head, Body and Tail

11. CAUDATE NUCLEUS:
Head: Lies into the
space of Anterior
horn
Body: Forms floor
of central part
Tail: Forms roof of
inferior horn, joins
amygdaloid body
Relationship with Lateral Ventricle

12. LENTIFORM NUCLEUS:
Globus Pallidus:
Situated medially,
got 2 segments,
GPi & GPe
Putamen:
Situated laterally
Forms lateral boundary of internal
capsule

15. AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS
Nuclear mass in
temporal lobe,
continuous with
tail of caudate
nucleus
Function is closely
related to limbic
system or
hypothalamus

17. 90% of the neurons
Primary Projection
Neurons
Inhibitory
(GABAergic)
Very little
spontaneous activity

23. Cerebral
Cortex
Substantia
Nigra (Pc)
Thalamus
INPUT

24. The caudate &
putamen receive
input from the cortex,
and …

25. … from the thalamus

27. OUTPUT
Substantia
Nigra (Pr)
to
Thalamus
GPi to
Thalamus

34. Direct Pathway: Striatum > GPi,
SNr > Thalamus
Indirect Pathway: Striatum > GPe
> STN > GPi, SNr > Thalamus
Net Effects:
Direct pathway: Thalamus (+):
Facilitation of movement
Indirect pathway: Thalamus (-):
Inhibition of movement

36.  Cognition control
 Movement
Coordination
 Voluntary
movement
control