1. Jaundice
Increased Bilirubin Production Impaired Bilirubin Excretion
1. Hemolytic anaemia
ABO incomp. Congenital Non-hemolytic Cholestatic
Rhesus incomp. ↑bilirubin
Spherocytosis Gilbert’s syndrome
Elliptocytosis Crigler-Najjar Types I & II Intrahepatic Extrahepatic
G6PD def Rotor syndrome
Pyruvate kinase def Dubin-Johnson syndrome
AIHA 1. Primary biliary cirrhosis 1. Choledocholithiasis
Mechanical trauma: 2. Primary Sclerosing 2. CA
prosthetic valves, cholangitis Ampulla
hypersplenism, DIC 3. Viral hepatitis Pancreas
2. Dyserythropoiesis 4. Alcohol Bile duct
Megaloblastic anaemias 5. Drugs (cholangioCA)
Sideroblastic anaemias 6. Autoimmune hepatitis Secondary
3. Breakdown of large 7. Wilson’s dz 3. Trauma to biliary
hematomas 8. α1-antitrypsin deficiency structures
4. Sepsis 9. Severe bacterial infection 4. Fibrosis (eg postop)
5. Drugs 10. Pregnancy 5. Cystic fibrosis
11. Idiopathic recurrent 6. Parasitic infection
cholestasis
*may result in ascding
Unconjugated ↑bilirubin cholangitis
Conjugated ↑bilirubin
UC and C ↑bilirubin
Digitally signed by DR WANA
HLA SHWE
DN: cn=DR WANA HLA SHWE,
c=MY, o=UCSI University, School
of Medicine, KT-Campus,
Terengganu, ou=Internal Medicine
Group, email=wunna.
hlashwe@gmail.com
Reason: This document is for
UCSI University, School of
Medicine students.
Date: 2009.02.24 14:26:22 +08'00'