1. Phonetics The Creation of Speech Sounds

5. Sine Wave Amplitude Time

10. Fourier analysis

11. Power spectrum of sine wave Amplitude Frequency

14. Speech waveform

15. Source-filter model

16. Sagittal section of the vocal tract (Techmer 1880). text ©J.J. Ohala, September 2001 Lungs Trachea Vocal Folds (within the Larynx) Pharynx Nasal Cavity

17. Source-filter model

23. Vocal fold sequence

24. Glottal waveform

30. The vocal tract

31. Filter Function for Schwa Vowel

32. Power Spectrum of Glottal Tone

33. Output of Vocal Tract Filter Function

34. Vocal Tract Filter

35. Filter Function for Specific Vowels

37. American Vowels

38. Other Vowel Systems

39. Consonants