1. Effectiveness of road sector dialogue
Lessons from 15 years of experience in Cameroon
15 years of road sector dialogue in Cameroon Romain Pison

2. 1- Objectives of this presentation
Report the Analyze the Stress the links
contribution of road programs between
EDF for roads over the past 15 programs and
in Cameroun years achievements
Characterize
Identify the road sector Highlight the
successes and dialogue based best conditions
failures of on review from for reform and
programs and the Court of progress for the
dialogue Auditors future
15 years of road sector dialogue in Cameroon Romain Pison

3. 2- How the EDF contributed to
the road network in 15 years ?
Tikar Plain Figuil – Maroua
(102 Km) (115 Km)
7th EDF 10th EDF
Rehabilitated in 2001 Under construction
Total expenditure: 14 M€ Total committed: 50 M€
Garoua – Figuil
(90 Km)
Lake Nyos 9th EDF
(10 Km) Total expenditure: 30 M€
9th EDF
Rehabilitated in 2011 N’Gaoundéré – Touboro
Total expenditure: 3 M€ (265 Km)
8th EDF
Muéa – Kumba Constructed in 2004
(62 Km) Total expenditure: 90 M€
Rehabilitated in 2010
9th EDF
Total expenditure: 50 M€ Garoua Boulai – Nandéké
(86 Km)
10th EDF
Under construction
Total committed: 90 M€
Bertoua – Garoua Boulai
(250 Km)
7th EDF
Rehabilitated in 2002
Total expenditure: 70 M€
Douala – Yaoundé
Yaoundé – Ayos
Road safety
(126 Km)
9th EDF
8th EDF
Total expenditure: 5 M€
Rehabilitated in 2001
Total expenditure: 50 M€

4. 2- How the EDF contributed to the road network in 15 years ?
450 M€ invested
1000km of paved (30M€ / year)
100km of unpaved
roads (out of 1300M€ -
roads
(out of 4900km) country internal
(out of 45000km)
(20%) resources)
(35%)
•
200M€ / year :
300M€ / year :
(out of 2100M€ - country overall
national road
country overall current budget for
master plan
resources) road (2012 –
recommended
(20%) capital, repair and
budget (2012)
maintenance)
15 years of road sector dialogue in Cameroon Romain Pison

5. 3- Promotion of adequate funding of road maintenance
Cameroon road capital, repair and maintenance budgets
over the past 15 years
Increase in overall
budget in the past 15
300 years partly through
EDF in roads (M€)
Financial gap (100M€)
debt (trend starting
250 ? 2003, additional loans
CMR annual budget -
with WB, AfDB). New
200
own resources (M€) donors (China mainly)
150
increasing influence
CMR external - debts
and grants - except
100
EDF (M€)
Stable contribution of
50 CMR total budget - EDF to road sector in
external and debt
included (M€) the past 15 years (even
0
true for the past 50
98
00
02
04
06
08
10
r
ea
years). Focus on paved
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
Y
roads (corridor, large
Legal and institutional Conditions: Increase in own infrastructure, regional
related conditions on RF “Maintaining or resources partly through integration).
increasing RF EU and IFIs conditions
budget” on RF. Positive impact
Conditions: 23M€ RF with quantitative
budget increase in conditions. Little impact
2006, then 17M€ with under ambitious or
increase during 2006- formal conditions.
2008
15 years of road sector dialogue in Cameroon Romain Pison

6. 3- Promotion of adequate funding of road maintenance
Cameroon road capital, repair and maintenance budgets : 1997-2012 average breakdown of road financing sources in
breakdown and evolution Cameroon
100% 17%
21%
90% CMR external - EDF in roads
80% debts and grants - (M€)
except EDF
70%
60%
CMR annual CMR annual
50% budget - own budget - own
40% resources resources (M€)
30%
EDF in roads CMR external -
20%
debts and grants
10%
? - except EDF
0% (M€)
62%
98
00
02
04
06
08
10
ar
Ye
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
1997 breakdow n of road financing sources in 2012 breakdown of road financing sources in
Cameroon
Cam eroon
13% EDF in roads (M€) Overall decrease in EDF 15% EDF in roads (M€)
20%
share of road financing
35%
CMR annual budget
in Cameroon in the last CMR annual
- ow n resources 15 years, from 35% to budget - own
resources (M€)
(M€)
15%. Important enough CMR external -
CMR external - debts and grants -
debts and grants - to leverage and foster except EDF (M€)
52% 65%
except EDF (M€) road sector dialogue?
15 years of road sector dialogue in Cameroon Romain Pison

7. 4- Effectiveness to address road maintenance
Evolution of road network conditions during the past 15 years in Cameroon Difficulty to foster dialogue
with Government on
100%
efficiency-related issues.
90%
Road management
80%
performance, road agency
70%
or sector-wide procurement
60% Poor
policies are discussed
50% Fair
Good
without specific targets.
40%
30%
20%
Road financing itself is
10% ? not sufficient. Despite
0%
1997 1999 2000 2003 2008 2009 2011
2003-2008
Year
increase, little capacity
to execute programs
caused RF
Limited budget execution overliquidities and
Reduction to budget allocated and issues in procuring
to maintenance during 2001- delays in maintenance
road work contracts have
2003 created substantial delays How to set performance
in road maintenance related conditions when
Condition : RF budget increase of activities. EDF will now not demand driven?
40M€ during 2004-2008 finance technical How to set financing
(representing a 50% increase assistance program to related specific
compared to 2004 budget) improve programming and conditions on a long
contracting. term issue?

8. 5- Contribution to the institutional capacity
Substantial progress in
the financing of the road Most of the issues and
sector, overloading, techn weaknesses relate to the
ical audits of the administration. How to
……..…………….. BUT ………......……… deal with an organization
works, and to some
extent the capacity of that does not accept its
SMEs / contractors / flaws and does not want to
supervision change?
MoU
2nd generation How to set up
Maintenance privatization Audits
Road Fund performance based
conditions on short and
Road Fund medium term? Should
Road Agency
we move in a direction
Transport Sector Policy the Government is not
Vocational
training willing to take?
Ministry reform
Ministry performance
improvement
?
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Not enforced Functional

9. 6- Effectiveness to address vehicle overloading
Average evolution of overloaded vehicles on Cameroon road Enabling legal
network (1997-2012) environment with
law passed by the
100 50 Government.
90 Controled vehicles in
overloading (%)
Demand driven and
80 40
mature activity
Overloading rate
70 30 requiring simple
60
Controled vehicles in control sets.
50 20 extreme overloading
40 >10t (%)
10
30
20
0 Linear Trendline for Continuous EDF
overloading in ambitious conditions
10 ? Cameroon
0 -10 on both number of
stations (outputs) and
97
99
01
03
05
07
09
11
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
overloading rate
Year
performance
(outcome) during the
First weighting EDF condition to last 15 years
stations built. EDF aim for 10% Staff related
condition on policy overloading opportunities to fully
use momentum. EDF
Law on New team in Ministry in charge of fully financing activities
protection of protection of network. Additional when efficient
roads and EDF financing to rehabilitate and Government team /
weighting build weighting stations (from 5 in champion was in
policy 2005 to 16 stations in 2009) charge.

10. 7- Take out, questions and recommendations
Overall decrease in Despite RF increase
450 M€ invested in EU and IFIs conditions EDF share of road
the last 15 years on Road Fund : (2003-2008), little
financing. Important capacity to execute
(30M€ / year) positive impact if enough to leverage
(20% total invested) quantitative conditions. programs caused
and foster road sector overliquidities, delays
…. gap 100M€/year Strict conditions have dialogue? Or good
Increasing debts or led to a 50% increase in maintenance, and
sign that the sector is institutional regresses
raising RUC? of the RF. opening up?
How to set Continuous and Staff related Enabling legal
performance related ambitious EDF opportunities to fully environment provided
conditions when not conditions on both use momentum. EDF by Government, not
demand driven? How stations (outputs) and fully financing EDF. Demand driven
to set program overloading rate activities when activity requiring
financing related (outcome) during the efficient Government simple control sets
specific conditions on last 15 years team was in charge. that have been
a long term issue? contracted out
15 years of road sector dialogue in Cameroon Romain Pison

11. Thank you for the attention!
Romain PISON
Program Officer
Infrastructure DEU Cameroon
romain.pison@eeas.europa.eu
15 years of road sector dialogue in Cameroon Romain Pison