1. Review Chapter 1
Ecology of the Child

2. What is Ecology ?
• Science of Interrelationships between
organisms and their environment

3. Adaptation
• Modifications of an organism or its
behavior to make it fit for existence under
the condition of the Environment

4. Demographics
• Statistical characteristics of humam
population
• Age
• Race
• Income

5. Economics
• The production, distribution and
consumptions of goods and services

6. Purpose of Child, Family and
Community
• Examine how growing up in a changing
world affects the development of children
through socialization

7. Socialization
• Process by which individuals aquire
knowledge, skills and character traits that
enable them to participate as effective
members of groups and society

8. Name Socialization
• Use your tissue to wipe yoour nose not
your sleeve
• Chew food with your mouth closed
• Teachers give homework and children
need to bring in back the next day!
• Media states all people want fresh breath
• Driving a Lexus means you made it in life

9. Socialization is:
• Unique to humans
• Language sharply separates us from other
animals – George Mead
• Language makes ideas an communication
of these ideas possible
• Language replace action with thoughs to
transform behavior

10. Reciprocal Dynamic Process
•
•
•
•
Socialization begins at birth
One individual interacts with another
Dynamic – changes over time
Maturation – as we grow the parents
expect different behavior and skills

11. Temperament
• Innate characteristics that determine an
individuals sensitivity to various
experiences and responses to social
interaction.
• Fall into three categories : easy, slow-towarm- up and difficult
• Goodness to fit – caregiver and child

12. Intentional VS Unintentional
Socialization
• Most Socialization is intentional – on
purpose – adults pass on their values
consistently –convey to the child (talking)
and back up with approval this is
intentional socialization
• Unintentional may be a product of
involvement in human interaction or
observation of interaction. Page 12

13. Socialization, Change & Challenge
• Children are socialized by many people :
parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles,
cousins, friends, teachers, coaches and religious
leaders and role models in media.
• Socialization is a complex process
• Societal changes occurs as, for example rapid
technological and scientific advances that results
in economic fluctuations, socializing agents

14. Examples of Socialization and
Changes
• Both parents working
• Parents worry about their children’s
education and I.Q.
• Parents worry about college in third grade
• Push for excellence – stress for children
• Developmentally Appropriate Curriculum
• Working with your children

15. Childhood Concept in History
• 14th-16th century – Renaissance – Miniature
adults harsh treatment , hard work, adult
activities – punishment
• 16th -18th Printing Press – Children treated as
uniformed adults – needed education
• 18th -20th –Industrial Revolution – Children need
to be prepared for adulthood – compulsory
education laws, children’s rights, labor laws
• 20th -21th – Information Age – viewed as
consumers, pressured to compete, achieve and
be independent & self-reliant

16. Socialization and Adaptation
• Socialization is elaborate and involves many variables
and reciprocal experiences
• Interactions and environments that affect children's
development.
• Understanding the input – socialization process can help
people adapt to change
• Output of socialization – values, attitudes, motives and
attributions, self esteem, self –regulation of behavior,
morals and gender role
• May enable us to manipulate that input to induce the
desired output.
• Examples page 15

17. Socialization Variables
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Instruction -------------Values
Setting Standards-----Attitudes
Learn-by-doing---------Motives & attributes
Feedback-----------------Self-esteem
Reinforcement-----------Self-regulation
Punishment---------------Morals
Group Pressure----------Gender Roles

18. Urie Bronfenbrenner
• Theory of bioecological model of Human
Development
• Model provides the “whole picture” of the
developing child, encompassing relevant
theories
• Examine various settings in which a child
participates