1. BY PAYTON
Horses

2. Table of Contents
1. Colours #’s 1-18
2. Types of horses
3. Breeds
4. Tack
5. English riding
6. Western riding
7. Fun Facts
8. History/ Origin
9. Parts

3. Colours 1
Bay: a reddish brown body colour, and black mane,
tail, and points

4. Colours 2
Chestnut: red-brown coat with mane and tail of same
colour

5. Colours 3
Black: solid black coat, can have white face, and/or leg
markings

6. Colours 4
Palomino: blonde coat with light, or white mane and
tail

7. Colours 5
Dun: blonde coat with black mane, tail, and points,
with a dorsal stripe

8. Colours 6
Buckskin: blonde coat with black tail, mane, and
points, and no dorsal stripe

9. Colours 7
Brown: black and brown hairs mixed together

10. Colours 7
Grey: white or grey coat with black skin

11. Colours 8
Flea bitten grey: white coat with brown, dark brown,
dark grey, or black freckles

12. Colours 9
Dapple grey: white with darker grey, small circles on
whole body, or legs and lower belly

13. Colours 10
Albino: white hair with pink, or peach skin. Has pink
muzzle, needs sunscreen in summer

14. Colours 11
Grullo: grey, brown and yellow hairs blended
together with darker legs and dorsal stripe. Also
know as grulla

15. Colours 12
Appaloosa- blanket spot: any solid colour with white
splotch on hindquarters with freckles

16. Colours 13
Appaloosa- leopard spot: white coat with large darker
freckles

17. Colours 14
Sorrel: red-brown, or brown coat with lighter mane

18. Colours 15
Piebald: black and white splotches

19. Colours 16
Skewbald: red, or brown splotches.

20. Colours 17
Roan- strawberry or red: chestnut or bay with white
hairs mixed together

21. Colours 18
Roan- blue: grey or black with white hairs

22. Markings
Star
Blaze
Leg Markings Face Markings
Stripe
Snip
Bald or white face

23. Light Horses
Light horse: common type suitable for riding. Some
have lighter bones when others are sturdy. Ex:
Thoroughbred, Arabian, Quarter horse

24. Draft Horses
Draft or heavy horse: type suited for farm work.
Usually have feathers (hair on feet). Ex:
Clydesdale, Shire, and Gypsy Vanner

25. Ponies
Pony: a small, short, sturdy type of horse. Has to be
14.2 hands high, or less. Ex: Shetland, Falabella ,
Camargue

26. Thoroughbred
Colours: any solid colour Place of origin: Britain
Height: 14.2 - 17.2 hh
Uses: racing, riding, cross-breeding

27. Arabian
Colours: chestnut, bay, grey Place of origin: Middle East
Height: 14.1 – 15 hh
Uses: riding, breed improvement

28. Quarter Horse
Colours: solid colours Place of origin: USA
Height: 14.3 – 15.1 hh
Uses: riding, ranch-work, rodeos, racing

29. Clydesdale
Colours: mostly bay Place of origin: Scotland
Height: 16 – 18 hh
Uses: draft and harness work

30. Shire
Colours: black, bay, grey Place of origin: England
Height: 16.2 – 17 hh
Uses: draught, showing

31. Gypsy Vanner
Colours: piebald or skewbald Place of origin: England
Height: 14 – 15.2 hh
Uses: driving, jumping, dressage

32. Shetland Pony
Colours: black, bay, brown, chestnut, grey
Height: up to 10.2 hh Place of origin: Scotland
Uses: riding, harness, pet

33. Falabella/Miniature
Colours: all colours Place of origin: Argentina
Height: 7 hh and under
Uses: harness, pet

34. Camargue
Colours: grey Place of origin: France
Height: up to 14 hh
Uses: herding, trekking, some still wild

35. Tack/Tackle
Tack is any equipment and accessories used in
horseback riding
Saddle
Saddle
Pad
Bridle
Gaiters
Breast
Collar

36. Parts of the Saddle
English Western
Cantle
Skirt
Stirrup
Fender
Horn
Latigo/
Cinch
Seat

37. Parts of the Bridle
Curb Bit

38. English Riding

39. Competitions and Shows
 Show jumping
 Cross-country/eventing
 Flat Racing
 Steeplechase
 Polo
 Dressage
 English Show classes
 Saddle seat
 Hunter-jumper

40. Show jumping
Show Jumping: Riders ride in a ring jumping over
colourful fences with rails that can be knocked down.
Speed matters.

41. Cross-country/ Eventing
Cross-country jumping is where the horse and rider go
around an outdoor jumping course. The jumps can’t
be knocked over, which makes this dangerous if the
horse isn’t trained well.

42. Flat Racing
Horses and jockeys run around an oval track
competing against each other for the highest
position.

43. Steeplechase
Similar to flat racing, but there are hedges set up
around the track. The horses have to race around
the oval while jumping over the hedges.

44. Polo
Two teams of four use long handled mallets to knock a
wooden ball through the other team’s goal post. This
is usually played on a field that can be up to a length
of 300 yards.

45. Dressage
A ring sport where the rider uses slight signals with
his/her legs and hands. The horses are taught how
to do certain moves, and it kind of looks like horse
dancing.

46. English Show Classes
Riders ride around in a ring and follow simple
instructions like ‘transition to canter’. The pair that
transitions the most smoothly wins.

47. Saddle Seat
Specific breeds of horses show off their unusual gaits.
Usually the horse shows off the trot.

48. Hunter-Jumper
Similar to show jumping. The pair ride around and try
to jump as nicely as they can. It is also a style of
riding called hunt seat.

49. English Tack
Saddle Pads Bridle
Martingale Halter Gaiters

50. Western Riding

51. Competitions
 Barrel Racing
 Reining
 Western Pleasure
 Trail Courses

52. Barrel Racing
The pair ride around a pattern that looks like this
and try to go as fast as possible without knocking
over any of the barrels.

53. Reining
A western version of Dressage. Riders have to always
have a loose rein.

54. Western Pleasure
Exactly the same as English show classes, but the style
of riding is western.

55. Trail Courses
There is a course set up in a ring, and the riders have
to go through it and the pair who does all the
obstacles smoothly wins. There can be obstacles like
gates to open, or poles to ride over.

56. Western Tack
Saddle Saddle Blanket Bridle
Breast Collar Halter Gaiters

57. Measuring
Horses are measured with hands to the withers
(shoulders) . Each hand is four inches. Most horses
are around 15 to 16 hh (hands high).
4 inches
Withers

58. Gaits
 Walk- slow four beat gait.
 Trot- bouncy two beat gait.
 Canter- smooth three beat gait
 Gallop- fats four beat gait.
1
4
3
2
1
2 1
2
1 2
2 3
1
4
3
2

59. Fun Facts
A female horse is
called a mare
A male horse that isn’t
fixed (gelded) is called
a stallion
There are over 350
breeds of horses and
ponies worldwide
A young female horse
that is under four
years of age is called a
filly
A male horse that is
under four is called a
colt.
A female horse used
for breeding is called a
mare
A baby horse of any
gender is called a foal
A gelded male horse is
called a gelding
A father horse is called
a sire
A mother horse is
called a dam
You can tell a horses’
age by counting their
teeth
An average horses’
head weighs 11. 84
pounds
A horses heart weighs
10 lbs on average.
Horses hooves need to
be clipped, just like
fingernails
The average age foe a
horse to live is 20-25
years old
The oldest horse in
history was Old Billy
who lived to be 62.
The smallest horse in
history was little
Pumpkin who stood 14
inches at the shoulders
The tallest horse ever
was named Sampson
who stood 7 ft. 2
inches at the withers
The highest jump ever
was 8ft 1 ¼ and
jumped by Huaso in
1949

60. The Worlds Highest Jump
To watch Huaso jump the world record height, go to
the following link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhHBhc-ihOI

61. History/Origin
The first horses had three toes instead of one solid
hoof. The first stage was Eohippus, then
Mesohippus, Miohippus, Merychippus, and then
Pliohippus. Today's modern horses are called Equus.
In the 1600`s, horses were bought to North America
with Spanish Colonists.
EohippusMesohippusMiohippusPliohippus Merychippus

62. Parts
Muzzle
Mane
Crest
Poll
Eye
Chest
Knee
Cannon Bone
Fetlock
Barrel
Withers
Hoof
Shoulder
Elbow
Hock
Dock
Tail
Flank
Stifle
Gaskin
LoinCroup
Ergot
Chestnut

63. Bibliography
 Pickeral, Tasmin. The Encyclopaedia of Horses and Ponies. United Kingdom: Parragon
Publishing, 2003
 McBane, Susan and Douglas-Cooper, Helen. Horse Facts. London: Quantum Publishing
Ltd., 2005
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo
 http://www.buzzle.com/articles/horse-facts-interesting-facts-about-horses.html
 http://www.shannonleighstables.com/HORSE-FACTS-
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_horse
 http://answers.encyclopedia.com/question/introduced-horses-north-america-
614611.html

64. Photo Credits-
“in Quotations”= Flickr nickname
 Running Horse- Title Page- By: Patrick Goossens
@http://www.flickr.com/photos/goossens/2934660635/
 Horse head- Title Page- By: Trey Ratcliff
@http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuckincustoms/4730253989/
 Camargue in Grass- Title page By: Wolfgang Staudt
@http://www.flickr.com/photos/wolfgangstaudt/2434405362/
 Grazing Horse- Title Page- By: Naveen Gujje @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gujjenaveen/1478479398/
 Sepia Horse- Clip art.
 Standing bay horse- slide 3 By: “omgthetostisburning” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/anneisqueen/2129670418/
 Horse Portrait- slide 3 By: “Thowra_uk” http://www.flickr.com/photos/thowra/632165531/
 Leg Markings- slide 22 By: Paige Filler @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/theequinest/4777475620/
 Chestnut horse- slide 4 by: Genny @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/ninjaclutz/3621874312/
 Chestnut Arabian- slide 4 by: Milly.Lee @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/29321159@N06/3296159291/

65. Photo Credits 2
 Black trotting horse- slide 5 by: “Sightsenser” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sightsensor/2637974683/
 Black horse- slide 5 by:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/34053291@N05/4673505376/in/photostream/
 Standing Palomino- slide 6 by: “Just Add Ink” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/samanthakotz/3155191025/
 Sleeping Palomino Pony- slide 6 by: Kvetina-Marie
 http://www.flickr.com/photos/kvetina_marie/1006726853/
 Dun horse Head- slide 7 by: Suzanne Phillips @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cyborgsuzy/2630172488/
 Dark dun- slide 7 by: Nancy @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/nancymesaaz/1510585398/
 Buckskin with foal- slide 8 by: “if winter ends” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/if_winter_ends/2423820549/
 Lying down buckskin- slide 8 by: Derrick Coetzee @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dcoetzee/3512738848/
 Walking brown- slide 9 by: Jean @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/7326810@N08/2739162837/

66. Photo Credits 3
 Running Brown- slide 9 by: Jean @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/7326810@N08/2903566104/
 Grey- slide 10 by: “Donald MacLeod” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/donaldmacleod/4955459516/
 Grey head- slide 10 by: Elizabeth Foote @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/foote_fotos/2526400529/
 Flea-bitten grey head- slide 11 by: Sarah Macmillan @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/essjay/393870087/
 Flea-bitten in stall- slide 11 by: @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/cyborgsuzy/433855258/
 Light dapple- slide 12 by: @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/7326810@N08/3631679150/
 Dark dapple- slide 12 by: Jean @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/7326810@N08/2903568888/
 Albino- slide 13 by: Mariana Ricaud @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/castormariana/497614785/
 Albino 2- slide 13 by: Melody @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/melodysk/2978681762/
 Rearing grullo- slide 14 by: Mary B @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrot_mama/4368607649/
 Grullo- slide 14 by: Mary B @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrot_mama/4367612231/

67. Photo Credits 4
 Black appaloosa- slide 15 by: Nancy @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nancymesaaz/528224113/
 Bay appaloosa- slide 15 by: Rachel Stelmach @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bluehook/4983709230/
 Appaloosa in flowers- slide 16 by: “Just Add Ink” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/samanthakotz/3145821509/
 Pair of appaloosas- slide 16 by: Malia @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/malia111/4420161740/
 Sorrel- slide 17 by: Sam Wilson @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/baylorbear78/3410902402/
 Sorrel pony- slide 17 by: Susie Blackmon @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/susieblackmon/3349428649/
 Piebald draft- slide 18 by: Jarosław Pocztarski @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/j-
pocztarski/2189482713/
 Gypsy Vanner- slide 18 by: Jean @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/7326810@N08/3642375439/
 Skewbald head- slide 19 by: Kate Sumbler @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ktpupp/52794689/
 Bay skewbald- slide 19 by: Xavier Jijón @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/fx57/1014918810/

68. Photo Credits 5
 Roan foal- slide 20 by: “sarowen” @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/sarowen/2248048616/
 Roan- slide 20 by: Tanja Rott @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/tjrglass/2504579968/
 Grazing roan- slide 21 by: “WindRanch” @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/jetling/3682394177/
 Blue roan- slide 21 by: “Lil Shepherd” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/lilshepherd/3675544296/
 Star- slide 22 by: Kate Sumbler @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/ktpupp/3799233402/
 Blaze- slide 22 by: “sarowen” @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/sarowen/4339924100/
 Stripe- slide 22 by: “peardg” @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/ittel/3902331845/
 Snip- slide 22 by: BLW @ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HorseNose2.jpg
Photoshop edit by me
 Light horse- Pinto- slide 23 by: Sam Wilson @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/baylorbear78/2394783852/
 Running horse- slide 23 by: Paul Woolrich @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/paulwoolrich/141515123/
 Three drafts- slide 24 by: Kenk Kosters @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/drhenkenstein/3807428393/
 Draft- slide 24 by Carlos @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/armadillo444/3452258272/

69. Photo Credits 6
 Black pony- slide 25 by: Thomas Quine @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/quinet/3076135581/
 Pony ride- slide 25 by: Markku Åkerfelt @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/maraker/4627926008/
 Bay thoroughbred- slide 26 by: “Tennessee Wanderer” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/tnwanderer/3475090348/
 Racehorses- slide 26 by: Jeff Kubina @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/kubina/185495525/
 Rearing Arabian- slide 27 by: Richard Messenger @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/richardmessenger/3337212024/in/photostream/
 Walking Arabian- slide 27 by: “Millie.Lee” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/29321159@N06/3296190345/in/photostream/
 Palomino quarter horse- slide 28 by: Mary B. @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrot_mama/4369436864/
 Running quarto horse- slide 28 by: Imre Botos @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/32386419@N06/3858295323/
 Two Clydesdales- slide 29 by: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bassclarinetist/4667796855/
 Standing Clydesdales- slide 29 by: “Calotype46” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/calotype46/4858861853/

70. Photo Credits 7
 Brown shire- slide 30 by: Paul Turnbull @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/turny/2656637732/in/photostream/
 Two shire- slide30 by: “gerriet” @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/gerriet/2845542856/
 Standing gypsy Vanner- slide 31 by: Kate Sumbler @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ktpupp/3664054685/
 Gypsy Vanner 2- slide 31 by: “appaloosa” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/appaloosa/3753003688/in/photostream/
 Shetland and foal- slide 32 by: James @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/35545794@N04/3629621151/in/photostream/
 2 Shetlands- slide 32 by: Greta Hughson @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gretahughson/2150169882/
 2 Minis- slide 33 by: elaine @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/cybertoad/4450764149/
 Falabella in show- slide 33 by: “Bill Strong” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bstrong/220583896/in/photostream/
 Walking Camargue- slide 34 by: Caroline @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/caroslines/3002644433/

71. Photo Credits 8
 Camargue in Grass- slide 34 By: Wolfgang Staudt
@http://www.flickr.com/photos/wolfgangstaudt/2434405362/
 Breast collar- slide 41 by: Imre Botos @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/32386419@N06/3510264656/
 Tacked up horse- slide 35 by: “evelynbelgium” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/evelyn_vancauwenberghe/2492333698/
 Saddle diagram- slide 36 by: “My Horse University” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/myhorseuniversity/1936046093/
 Bridle diagram- slide 37 by: Paige Filler @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/theequinest/5056055144/
 Curb bit- slide 37 by: “Ninety Eight Six” @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/986/2723551700/
 English Riding- slide 38 by: Claire @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/askalon/3808901746/
 Ribbons- slide 39 by: “citizen for boysenberry jam” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/darkroom_light/3605678812/
 Show Jumping- slide 40 by: “rofanato” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rofanator/3890661234/
 Show Jumping 2- slide 40 Clip art

72. Photo Credits 9
 Cross country kid- slide 41 clip art
 Cross country jumping- slide 41 by: “sffubs” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sffubs/3810910770/
 Starting gate- slide 42 by: Rennett Stowe @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/tomsaint/3431708779/
 Race horse front- slide 42 by: Michele Truex @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/40348123@N02/4063031332/
 Steeplechase horse- slide 43 by: “Paolo camera” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/vegaseddie/3309228377/
 Steeplechasers- slide 43 by: “Paolo camera” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/vegaseddie/3310041214/
 Polo- slide 44 by: Peter Morgan @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/pmorgan/3582539812/
 Polo ponies- slide 44 by: William Murphy @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/infomatique/4936334301/
 Dressage horse- slide 45 by: Jessica Mulley @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jessicamulley/3118631681/
 Cantering Dressage- slide 45 by: “wax0r” @

73. Photo Credits 10
 Cantering Dressage- slide 45 by: “wax0r” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wax0r/2429994641/
 Pinto Show class 2- slide 46 by: Chuck Walker @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cwalker71/2706126749/
 Pinto and kid- slide 46 by: Patrick @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/adwriter/1463193589/
 Chestnut saddle seat- slide 47 by: Selena N @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/selenas_stock/4063174256/
 Grey Saddle seat- slide 47 by: “fallingdominos” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/42718365@N06/4571560190/
 Bay hunter jumper- slide 48 by: “dregsplod” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/australianshepherds/4059305499/
 Chestnut hunter- slide 48 by: “dregsplod” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/australianshepherds/3317263431/
 English saddle- slide 49 by: Andrea Church @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/indigovalley/3943147498/
 English saddle pad- slide 49 by: “Thowra_uk” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/thowra/3713780265/

74. Photo Credits 11
 English Bridle- slide 49 by: “Thowra_uk” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/thowra/2234810231/
 English Martingale- slide 48 by: “Thowra_uk” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/thowra/3736558498/
 English halter- slide 48 by: Liz @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/kingstongal/2765768402/
 Gaiters- slide 48 by: Simone @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/7scout7/2333185403/
 Western Riding- slide 50 by: Irme Botos @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/32386419@N06/3854932149/
 Cattle- slide 50 by: Brad Smith @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/57402879@N00/164177653/
 Western competition- slide 51 by: Chuck Walker @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cwalker71/980217395/
 1st barrel- slide 52 by: Imre Botos 2
http://www.flickr.com/photos/32386419@N06/3862033520/
 2nd barrel racer- slide 52 by: Irme Botos @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/32386419@N06/3854932149/
 Spinning reining- slide 53 by: Bridget Jasper @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bjasper8/2895631788/

75. Photo Credits 12
 Reining 2- slide 53 by: “Ninety Eight Six” @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/986/2723551700/
 Grey trail course- slide 55 by: “szedlisa” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/szedlisa/2115759540/
 Trail course 2- slide 55 by: Miles Michelson @
http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/rC6k2RbhMk7HO0jhPWpXFw
 Pleasure 1- slide 54 by: “SarWestMay” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/24128102@N07/3025703298/
 Pleasure palomino- slide 54 by: Sarah Pillard
http://www.flickr.com/photos/aarrgh/2690174227/
 Western saddle- slide 56 by: “raftercpaints” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/18311994@N07/2397584866/
 Saddle blanket- slide 56 by: “K. Sawyer” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ksawyer/2773424860/
 Western Bridle- slide 56 by: Kate Sumbler @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ktpupp/4165043972/
 Rope halter- slide 56 by: Kerri-Jo Stewart @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/kerri-
jo/4643926692/

76. Photo Credits 13
 Gaiters- slide 56 by: “Five Furlongs” @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/fivefurlongs/5097698170/
 Walk- slide 58 by: About Akbar Simonse @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/simeon_barkas/2720437450/
 Trot- slide 58 by: Elizabeth @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/13521837@N00/2467446510/
 Canter- slide 58 by: Peter Dean @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/rowanbank/4655999589/
 Gallop- slide 58 by: Paul Woolrich @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/paulwoolrich/141515123/
 Hand- slide 57 by: Meena Kadri @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/meanestindian/389044314/
 Withers- slide 57 by: Reto Fetz @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/swisscan/2557315648/
 Prehistoric horses- slide 61 by: Travis @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/baggis/4219725307/
 Parts of horses- slide 62 by: Aurélio Vinícius @
http://www.flickr.com/photos/aureliovinicius/1351027939/