Fire Life Safety- Point of Ignition 2011- By Richard Garrity

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Fire Life Safety- Point of Ignition
Presentation by: Richard Garrity

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This presentation is proprietary information and
can’t be copied or reproduced in any fashion
without consent from the publisher owner.

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Flashpoint is: The point of no return

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~It is how you respond and react that makes all
the difference between life and death~

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This presentation will focus
primarily on 10 areas of concern:
• Actual incidents of building Fires and the
causes
• The dynamics of how a Fire ignites
• Fire Prevention-
 Extinguishers and Classes
 Sprinkler heads / equipment
 Aggressive detection

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This presentation will focus
primarily on 10 areas of concern:
 Preparedness/ Readiness
 911 notification
 Hot Work Safety Training
 First Aid Locations/ Contents

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Introduction to Point of Ignition
• Fire Life Safety is one of the many and various
safety concerns of building owners-managers,
building employees, and the security
personnel assigned to protect said facility. It is
also the most important concern. An actual
fast moving Fire in any section of a building
can be devastating and cause a tremendous
loss of human life in a matter of seconds.

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• Buildings are designed and constructed to confine
and control a fire to allow building occupants time
to evacuate. Buildings are also designed to allow
fire department personnel time to access and gain
control over the fire. Buildings are designed for the
expected fire loads they will encounter during their
lifespan. Bombs, terrorist acts or some arsons may
exceed these expectations and subject the building
to fire loads for which they were not designed.

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• Equipment and emergency procedures
dealing with egress and exit facilities,
fire alarm systems, voice communication
systems, fire suppression systems
(sprinklers) and other life safety devices
and features will play a major role in
enhancing occupant safety in the event
of a fire and/or explosion.

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• Property owners and managers
must ensure that these life safety
features are maintained in operable
condition and ready for use at all
times. Security personnel must
monitor these as well.

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An approved Fire Safety Plan typically contains:
The emergency procedures to be used in case
of fire including sounding the fire alarm,
notifying the fire department, provisions for
access for fire fighting, instructing occupants
on procedures to be followed when the fire
alarm sounds, evacuating endangered
occupants and confining, controlling and
extinguishing the fire.

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The appointment and organization of
designated supervisory staff to carry out
fire safety duties ( Floor or Fire Wardens
especially with location of the
handicapped).
The instruction of supervisory staff and
other occupants so that they are aware
of their responsibilities for fire safety.

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The holding of annual fire drills including the
emergency procedures appropriate to the building
The control of fire hazards in the building
 The maintenance of building facilities provided for
the safety of occupants
The provision of alternative measures for the safety
of occupants during any shutdown of fire protection
equipment and systems or part thereof

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Examples of past tragedies:

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The “Station” nightclub fire:
• On 20 February 2003, a terrible tragedy
occurred at the Station Nightclub in West
Warwick, Rhode Island. Unapproved
pyrotechnics were used as part of a show
that the band Great White was putting on.
The pyrotechnics were set off early into the
show and ignited sound proofing
polyurethane foam that was located on the
ceiling and the walls proximal to the platform
that the band was performing on.

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• Within minutes of the ignition of
the foam the building was
consumed with fire and smoke.
Egress was slowed by the majority
of the occupants attempting to
escape through the main entrance.
One hundred people were killed in
this fire.

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Band manager Daniel Biechele in the forefront just after
igniting the pyrotechnics that engulfed the nightclub:

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The next media slide must be
in full window format and on-
line to be properly viewed.

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The “Station” floor plan layout:

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The Boston Cocoanut Grove Fire:
• The Cocoanut Grove was a nightclub in Boston,
Massachusetts which, on November 28, 1942,
burned in what remains the deadliest nightclub fire
in American history, killing 492 people and injuring
hundreds more. It was also the second-worst single-
building fire in American history; only the Iroquois
Theater Fire in Chicago in 1903 killed more (602).
The tragedy shocked the nation and briefly replaced
World War II news headlines. The fire led to a
reform of fire codes and safety standards across the
country.

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The Boston Cocoanut Grove Fire:

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The L.A. First Interstate Bank Fire:
• The First Interstate Tower fire was a high rise
fire that occurred on May 4, 1988 at the First
Interstate Tower in Los Angeles, California
(62 stories). The fire destroyed five floors of
the building, injured 40 people, and caused
the death of a maintenance worker, when
the elevator the worker was riding opened
onto the burning 12th floor.

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The L.A. First Interstate Bank Fire:
• The fire was so severe because the building
was not equipped with a sprinkler system,
which was not required for office towers at
the time construction was completed in
1973. A sprinkler system was 90% installed at
the time of the fire but inoperative. The fire
was believed to have started from faulty
electrical wiring on the 12th
floor. Property
damage & loss: $200 million.

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Timeline of “Fire” and “Ignorance”
Two fire pumps were shut down by sprinkler contractor (drain down)
3 smoke detectors on the 12th floor were activated and again reset by security
control
An alarm on the 5th floor was pulled and soon went dead
A smoke detector on the 12th floor was activated and ignored by Security
4 smoke detectors on the 12th floor were activated and reset
22:22
22:25
22:30
22:32
22:34
22:36
First report of the fire from inside the building made to LA Brigade22:41
Los Angeles Fire brigade started to fight the fire finally23:10
Multiple smoke detector alarms from the 12th
- 30th floors activated

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The First Interstate Bank- May 1988:

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The First Interstate Bank today:

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Tragedy “Averted”- Case in point:

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Wellesley Office Park Incident:
In February 2004, at the
Wellesley Office Park-
MA, a dental office was
filled with smoke and
fire. Upon entering one
room, it was discovered
that an employee left a
“Bunsen burner” still lit
and stored inside a
dental cabinet.

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Wellesley Office Park Incident:
The device burned a
whole right thru the
counter top but was
extinguished swiftly by
quick responding Fire-
Fighters. There was
minimal damage to the
room, but heavy smoke
damage on the entire
floor.

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Fire: Preparedness and Prevention

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What can I the Security Officer do
when faced with a working Fire?

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“Never try to be the Hero”
This is a placeholder
text. This text can be
replaced with
your own text.
If you should detect
smoke or fire while on
patrol or responding
to an alert of said
incident, the first
thing you do is report
the situation to base
control with the exact
location of the smoke
or fire.
If you should detect
smoke or fire while on
patrol or responding
to an alert of said
incident, the first
thing you do is report
the situation to base
control with the exact
location of the smoke
or fire.
The Rule of “First” Detection:The Rule of “First” Detection:
“DETECT”
“REACT”

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replaced with
your own text.
The next thing you do is
direct all occupants to
evacuate the floor as soon as
possible and pull the Fire
alarm if necessary. If, and I
stress “IF” the fire is small
and manageable, then utilize
a nearby fire extinguisher and
attempt to put out the
flames, using extreme
caution.
The next thing you do is
direct all occupants to
evacuate the floor as soon as
possible and pull the Fire
alarm if necessary. If, and I
stress “IF” the fire is small
and manageable, then utilize
a nearby fire extinguisher and
attempt to put out the
flames, using extreme
caution.
“DETECT”
“REACT”

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replaced with
your own text.
 If it is deemed that the
Fire or density of smoke is
too much, make sure that
the floor above and the
floor below are evacuated
ASAP. Further instructions
for evacuation will be
issued by the Property
Mgt. Team and or Fire
Battalion Chief.
 If it is deemed that the
Fire or density of smoke is
too much, make sure that
the floor above and the
floor below are evacuated
ASAP. Further instructions
for evacuation will be
issued by the Property
Mgt. Team and or Fire
Battalion Chief.
“DETECT”
“REACT”

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1 Faulty electrical wiring
Transformer overload/ explosion
Heating and cooking equipment
Open flames and flammable liquids
What are the primary
causes of a building Fire?
2
3
4

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 Never ignore a Trouble alarm
 Never dismiss any alert
as a “nuisance” alarm
 NEVER, NEVER “RESET” a Fire
alarm on the control panel. It
is “illegal” to do so on the
part of any security
personnel
 Never ignore a Trouble alarm
 Never dismiss any alert
as a “nuisance” alarm
 NEVER, NEVER “RESET” a Fire
alarm on the control panel. It
is “illegal” to do so on the
part of any security
personnel
 Always monitor fire panel
 Always investigate “Trouble”
alerts
 Always “acknowledge” all
alarms
 Always investigate any reports of
smoke or unusual odors
 Always follow up with direct call
to 911 regardless of weather the
alarm rings directly to the Fire
Dept.
 Always monitor fire panel
 Always investigate “Trouble”
alerts
 Always “acknowledge” all
alarms
 Always investigate any reports of
smoke or unusual odors
 Always follow up with direct call
to 911 regardless of weather the
alarm rings directly to the Fire
Dept.
Security Personnel Expectations:
NegativeNegativePositivePositive
Monitoring the Fire Control panel:
Negative:Negative:Positive:Positive:

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Never overlook safety
gauges that maybe in
the danger or “red” zone
Never fail to notify
appropriate personnel of
any “Trouble” alarms
Never overlook safety
gauges that maybe in
the danger or “red” zone
Never fail to notify
appropriate personnel of
any “Trouble” alarms
Always report Fire
hazards ASAP
Always “Turn Off” any
cooking/ coffee
appliances found ON
during your safety patrols
Always report Fire
hazards ASAP
Always “Turn Off” any
cooking/ coffee
appliances found ON
during your safety patrols
Security Personnel Expectations:
NegativeNegativePositivePositive
Monitoring the Fire Control panel:
Negative:Negative:Positive:Positive:

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PULL AIM Squeeze Sweep
When attempting to
extinguish a small,
“manageable” Fire,
always follow the steps
of “PASS”. Pull, Aim,
Squeeze, Sweep
PASS:

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“P.A.S.S.”
Operation of a standard fire extinguisher:
• Pull the locking pin.
• Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire
• Squeeze the trigger all the way closed
• Sweep the extinguisher discharge from side
to side over the area of the fire until
thoroughly extinguished.

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“R.A.C.E.”
R- Remove people from the immediate danger
area to a place of safety if possible.
A- Alert nearby tenants & members of the
public
C- Confine fire and smoke. Close windows and
doors (if safe).
E- Evacuate to assembly/ rally point area (do
not re-enter building under any
circumstances).

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Potential hazards to take notice of
while on patrol of the facility:
Fire / Emergency
Patrol Tips
Fire / Emergency
Patrol Tips
FIRE = OXYGEN + FUEL
+ HEAT
+ HEAT
SMOKE ENTRAPMENT=
STOP + DROP + ROLL
SMOKE ENTRAPMENT=
STOP + DROP + ROLL
 Heat producing
equipment, copiers,
word processors,
coffee makers and
hot plates are often
overlooked as a
potential fire hazard.
Keep them away
from anything that
might burn.
 Heat producing
equipment, copiers,
word processors,
coffee makers and
hot plates are often
overlooked as a
potential fire hazard.
Keep them away
from anything that
might burn.
If electrical
equipment
malfunctions or
gives off a strange
odor, disconnect it
and call the Engineer
on Duty. The
Electrician will
promptly disconnect
and replace frayed,
cracked or broken
electrical cords.
If electrical
equipment
malfunctions or
gives off a strange
odor, disconnect it
and call the Engineer
on Duty. The
Electrician will
promptly disconnect
and replace frayed,
cracked or broken
electrical cords.
Extension cords
should be clear of
doorways and
other areas where
they can be
stepped on or
chafed and never
plug one
extension cord
into another.
Extension cords
should be clear of
doorways and
other areas where
they can be
stepped on or
chafed and never
plug one
extension cord
into another.

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Potential hazards to take notice of
while on patrol of the facility:
Fire / Emergency
Patrol Tips
Fire / Emergency
Patrol Tips
+ HEAT
+ HEAT
SMOKE ENTRAPMENT=
STOP + DROP + ROLL
SMOKE ENTRAPMENT=
STOP + DROP + ROLL
 Do not allow
combustible
material (boxes,
paper, etc.) to build
up in inappropriate
storage locations
(near sources of
ignition).
 Do not allow
combustible
material (boxes,
paper, etc.) to build
up in inappropriate
storage locations
(near sources of
ignition).
 Ungrounded site
equipment,
overloaded
outlets, unsafe-
unapproved
equipment,
blocked electrical
panels and
transformers.
 Ungrounded site
equipment,
overloaded
outlets, unsafe-
unapproved
equipment,
blocked electrical
panels and
transformers.
 Fire equipment,
extinguishers, fire
door exits and
sprinkler heads
must remain
obstructed.
Materials should be
at least 36 inches
minimum away
from sprinkler
heads.
 Fire equipment,
extinguishers, fire
door exits and
sprinkler heads
must remain
obstructed.
Materials should be
at least 36 inches
minimum away
from sprinkler
heads.

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Fire Extinguisher Classes:
• Fire extinguishers are
divided into four
categories, based on
different types of fires.
Each fire extinguisher
also has a numerical
rating that serves as a
guide for the amount of
fire the extinguisher
can handle.

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• The higher the
number, the more
fire-fighting power.
The following is a
quick guide to help
choose the right type
of fire extinguisher
in an emergency.

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• Class A extinguishers are for ordinary combustible
materials such as paper, wood, cardboard, and most
plastics. The numerical rating on these types of
extinguishers indicates the amount of water it holds
and the amount of fire it can extinguish.
• Class B fires involve flammable or combustible
liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, grease and oil.
The numerical rating for class B extinguishers
indicates the approximate number of square feet of
fire it can extinguish.

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•Class C fires involve electrical equipment, such as
appliances, wiring, circuit breakers and outlets. Never use
water to extinguish class C fires - the risk of electrical shock is
far too great! Class C extinguishers do not have a numerical
rating. The C classification means the extinguishing agent is
non-conductive.
•Class D fire extinguishers are commonly found in a
chemical laboratory. They are for fires that involve
combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium
and sodium. These types of extinguishers also have no
numerical rating, nor are they given a multi-purpose rating -
they are designed for class D fires only.

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Here are the most common types
of fire extinguishers:
• Water extinguishers or APW extinguishers (air-pressurized
water) are suitable for class A fires only. Never use water
extinguishers on grease fires, electrical fires or class D fires -
the flames will spread and make the fire bigger! Water
extinguishers are filled with water and are typically
pressurized with air. Again - water extinguishers can be very
dangerous in the wrong type of situation. Only fight the fire if
you're certain it contains ordinary combustible materials only.
• Dry chemical extinguishers come in a variety of types and are
suitable for a combination of class A, B and C fires. These are
filled with foam or powder and pressurized with nitrogen.

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Types of fire extinguishers:
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers are used for class
B and C fires. CO2 extinguishers contain carbon
dioxide, a non-flammable gas, and are highly
pressurized. The pressure is so great that it is not
uncommon for bits of dry ice to shoot out the nozzle.
They don't work very well on class A fires because
they may not be able to displace enough oxygen to
put the fire out, causing it to re-ignite.
• (Note: CO2 extinguishers have an advantage over dry chemical extinguishers
since they don't leave a harmful residue - a good choice for an electrical fire
on a computer or other favorite electronic device such as a stereo or TV.)

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Reporting Emergencies:
Alarm Activation & 911

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The spread of fire can be very fast. It takes less
than two minutes for a free-burning fire
to reach temperatures over 1,000 degrees F.
Controlling the fire and evacuating everyone
safely depends upon immediate notification of
the emergency to the Fire Department,
Building Security, or Management personnel.
Post all telephones with the Fire Department’s
emergency number

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Building occupants should be instructed to
call 9-1-1 whenever an emergency occurs.
 They should be able to provide the
following information:
• The nature of the emergency
• The address of the building
• The nearest cross street

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• The extent of the fire or emergency
and any specific information relating to
the incident, if known
Follow the 9-1-1 operator’s instructions
(Never hang up until told to
do so by the 911 operator)

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AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM REPORTING:
A common misconception is that the Fire
Department always monitors building fire
alarms. This is not true. Some are
monitored “in house”, and some building
fire alarms are monitored by private
monitoring companies. When such a
company receives a signal indicating an
alarm has activated, they in turn notify the
appropriate Fire Department
Dispatch Center.

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AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM REPORTING:
NEVER MAKE THE ASSUMPTION
THAT A FIRE ALARM WILL
AUTOMATICALLY BE REPORTED TO
THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.
Always make sure that a call has been
placed directly to 9-1-1 regardless of
whether your building is monitored by a
private monitoring service.

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Know the equipment and Personnel!

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Building occupants should know who are the
Safety/Fire Wardens on their floors~

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Building occupants must know where
their proper “Rally” points are.

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Once people have evacuated the building, no one is
allowed back in to retrieve any belongings- coats,
purses, IPODS, until the “All Clear” has been broadcast.

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Security Personnel must ensure that office
workers are not blocking or congregating at the
building entrances during an evacuation.

Evacuation to the ”Rally Point”
REMAIN
CALM
Report
Location
Wait for
ALL
CLEAR
DO NOT
RUN
Closest
Stairwell

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Know and inspect your Fire strobes:

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Be familiar with Sprinkler heads:

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Boston Fire Ladder 26- Mission Hill

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Sprinkler head locations and shutoffs
• In January of 2009 in the Mission Hill section
of Boston, Mass, Ladder 26 of the Boston Fire
Dept. was descending down one of the
steepest hills in the region. The mammoth
truck suddenly lost braking power and plowed
down the hill thru a busy intersection and
slammed into a residential high rise building.
The cab of the vehicle was inside the building
and filling up with water from a broken
sprinkler head threatening to drown a trapped
Firefighter. The driver was dead on impact.

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Sprinkler head locations and shutoffs
A quick thinking Engineer from the
Center for Life Science- Boston was
there at impact and was able to
quickly find the shutoff valve as
workers there didn’t know how to
shut it down. That action saved the
life of the Firefighter.

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Know your location of MSDS:

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What are MSDS sheets?
• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) are designed to
provide both workers and emergency personnel
with the proper procedures for handling or working
with a particular substance, and identifying them.
MSDS sheets include information such as physical
data (melting point, boiling point, flash point etc.),
toxicity, health effects, first aid, reactivity, storage,
disposal, protective equipment, and spill/leak
procedures. These are of particular use if a spill or
other accident occurs in your building.

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MSDS sheets- Demand & Inspection:

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MSDS sheets- Demand & Inspection:
• Are your MSDS up to date? What person, group, or
entity will most likely need to review MSDS sheets?
In almost every instance, arriving Fire personnel,
outside contractors, and or OSHA safety inspectors.
Firefighter personnel must be completely aware of
exactly what type of chemicals are on site and
where they are used & stored. When faced with a
real working Fire or explosion, Firefighters MUST be
knowledgeable of where hazardous chemicals are
located. If not, they could be severely hurt or killed.

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Insure that the staff responsible for maintaining
MSDS sheets updates them as they occur and with
regard to each floor, section, storage area, and
designation of chemical & toxicity.

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Know where your building Fire Pump is:

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CRITICAL! Know exactly where all your
exterior Fire Dept. standpipes, pump test,
and sprinkler connections are. A must.

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Know where your building
Emergency Backup Generator is:

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All electrical panels must have clearance of at
least 3 feet from the unit. Report violations!

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Inspect all electrical panels and building energy
sources that have these locking mechanisms.
Specifically inspect for tampering or unsecured

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Know where your Fire Pull stations are:

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AED’s and proper signage should be noted and
batteries checked monthly and documented.

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Faithfully checking the batteries in your site
AED could mean the difference of life and
death for someone who is in distress.

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Make monthly inspections of
Fire Bull Horn and make sure batteries are
fresh and operable.

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Safety vests and flashlights for all shift
personnel should be available at all times.

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What is a Fire Sprinkler Control Valve?

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What is a Test & Drain Valve?

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What are Glow in the Dark
Staircase Strips:

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Glow in the Dark Staircase Strips:
Glow in the Dark Staircase Strips are made
from Aluminum sheets, coated with
Luminescent materials. These luminous
strips absorb surrounding light. In the
event of a power failure or fire, these
strips glow in the dark immediately. Glow
time is between 6 to 8 hours. A perfect
emergency lighting system that requires
no maintenance or electrical back up.

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73% of deaths in fires are caused by
smoke inhalation. According to Security
Management Magazine there are 50,000
business fires causing over $1.5 billion in
property damage and hundreds of deaths
and injuries annually. Additionally, the
consequences of power outages and other
natural disasters.

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Currently most local codes in the United
States generally require overhead battery
or electrically powered Exit signs to be
visible within 100 feet under normal
conditions. In addition some industries
and localities require backup emergency
electrical lighting.

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A flaming fire causes smoke to rise
quickly, obscuring point sources of light
such as overhead exit signs and
emergency lighting. Also as evidenced by
the 2003 blackout in the Northeast, it is
well documented that generators, battery
and electrically powered lighting, often
fail during an emergency causing total
darkness for occupants trying to escape.

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In smoky dark conditions the burden is
on the occupant to spot discrete exit
signs which can be up to 100 feet away!
In fact exit signs are the last piece of
information an occupant needs during
emergency evacuation- without a
continuous stream of egress guidance
occupants may never reach the exit sign.

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The failure of battery and electrically
powered signage is a factor in many high
fatality fires not to mention electrical
power outages. Studies quoted in The
Industrial Fire Journal show that only 8%
of evacuees in real fire catastrophes
noted the presence of electrical point
sources of light. ( Exit Signs, etc.)

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They (evacuees) could not see
the electrical exit signs. Even
when emergency backup
lighting does work rising
smoke obscures the exit sign.

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Glow in the dark stair
strips SAVE lives!

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Know your Fire Alarm Control Panel:

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Fire Alarm Control Panel:
You need to know exactly what buttons
you “push” and what buttons you don’t “push”

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Fire Alarm Control Panel:
Never guess what to “push”. KNOW

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The Fire Alarm Control Panel- “RESET”:
The facility Fire Alarm Control panel is
without question the most vital and life
saving piece of equipment when it comes
to Fire Life Safety. It is the guardian of
building safety. With that, it is imperative
to note that when responding to an active
Fire alarm panel activation (NOT a Trouble
alert), you NEVER hit “RESET”.

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The Fire Alarm Control Panel- “RESET”:
You only hit “ACKNOWLEDGE”. In
many municipalities around the
country, personnel hitting RESET can
actually be criminally charged for
such action. ONLY the Fire Dept. or
Simplex licensed technicians can
RESET a Fire Alarm panel.

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Ensure that Emergency lighting is
checked periodically and operable:

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Know the location and inspect all
Emergency Exit signage:

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Know how to operate the standard
parking garage Pyrene “Water Cannon”

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Be Alert! Keep your “Fire Lanes” clear.

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Know the location of ALL Emergency
Phones and or Emergency Call Buttons:

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Know the location of ALL First Aid kits and
bags. Inspect contents monthly. Report
items that maybe depleted or empty.

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The First Aid Kit-
First Aid kits are basic medical supplies for first
responders to be treated on people who have
minor cuts, minimal injuries, rashes, headaches,
slight fever, sprains to joints, or very minor burns
to the skin. First aid kits are especially critical to
any individual who have had any type of
chemical or burn exposure to the eyes. First Aid
kits are generally affixed to one location, like a
wall and are very visible for quick access & use.

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The First Responder Medical Bag:

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The First Aid Mobile Kit/Bag-
First Aid mobile kits are medical supplies and
instruments usually contained in a blue nylon bag
with the white medical symbol on the bag sleeve.
They are basically advanced first aid kits that can
be transported anywhere within the facility and
these emergency bags hold more supplies than
the average standard first aid kit. They are very
expensive and must be secured in an area where
only authorized building personnel have access.

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What exactly should the contents of a
First Aid Response Kit contain?
1. EPI-PEN
2. Antihistamine Pills- For the treatment of
minor allergies, bug bites, etc.
3. BAND AIDS- Used to treat cuts, scrapes,
and minor punctures in the skin.
4. ACE Bandage- Handy to have for minor
joint sprains.
5. Gauze Pads
6. Roll of Gauze

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7. Adhesive Gauze Tape- Gauze and adhesive
tape are necessary for treating deeper skins
wounds.
8. Butterfly Closures- Used to close deep cuts in
the skin.
9. Small Pair of Scissors
10. Pair of Tweezers- Effective for removing
splinters, slivers, etc.
11. Antiseptic Ointment such as NEOSPORIN

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12. Pain Relievers and Fever Reducers such as
TYLENOL, MOTRIN, or Aspirin
13. Rubbing Alcohol- Used for alleviating bruises
and sterilization.
14. Burn Ointment- To relieve pain and hasten
the healing process.
15. Sterile Cotton Balls- Used for cleaning
wounds and applying treatments.
16. Disposable Latex Gloves

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17. Hydrogen Peroxide- Disinfectant, Mouth
Wash, etc.
18. Instant-activating Cold Packs- Great for
reducing swelling and fever.
19. PEPTO BISMOL- A timeless remedy for
nausea, bloating, diarrhea, and other digestive
tract disorders.
20. Calamine Lotion- Used for minor skin rashes.

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21. Syrup of Ipecac- This syrup is used in case of
accidental poisonings. DO NOT USE SYRUP OF
IPECAC UNLESS YOU ARE DIRECTED TO DO SO BY
A POISON CONTROL CENTER OR BY A
HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL.
22. Sewing Needle- Used to remove splinters,
slivers, etc.
23. Small Flashlight- If space allows such

118
24. Eye Wash Solution- Used for removing foreign
objects or chemicals.
25. Complete List of Emergency Telephone
Numbers- This list will include the names and
phone numbers of your healthcare professionals,
the regional poison control center, and the like.
26. First Aid Manual

120
What is an EPI-PEN?
An EPI-PEN is a measured dose of Epinephrine.
Epinephrine is the official emergency treatment
for allergic reactions to things such as bee stings.
The EPI-PEN is an injector that administers a
premeasured dose. A severe allergic reaction,
which is known in the medical world as
"Anaphylaxis", can be fatal if it's not treated in a
matter of minutes. EPI-PENS are a must have and
you must be trained to administer an EPI-PEN.

123
The HOT WORK PERMIT:
Hot work operations include tasks such as
welding, brazing, torch cutting, grinding, and
torch soldering. These operations create heat,
sparks and hot slag that have the potential to
ignite flammable and combustible materials in
the area surrounding hot work activities. The
United States averages 12,630 hot work fires,
$308.9 million in property damages and 31
deaths per year. A single hot work fire can be
devastating.

124
A Permit Authorizing Individual (PAI)
inspects hot work sites prior to the
start of hot work operations using the
checklist found on the Hot Work
Permit Form. When a fire watch is
required, the PAI will designate an
employee to serve as Fire Watch.

125
Once all requirements on the form
have been satisfied and the form
is signed by a PAI, the document
becomes a Hot Work Permit and
must be posted in the area where
hot work is done.

130
The HOT WORK PERMIT- The 35 Foot Rule
All flammable and combustible materials
within a 35-foot radius of hot work must
be removed.
• When flammable and combustible
materials within a 35-foot radius of hot
work cannot be removed they must be
covered with flame retardant tarps and a
fire watch must be posted.

131
The HOT WORK PERMIT- The 35 Foot Rule
All flammable and combustible materials
within a 35-foot radius of hot work must
be removed.
• Floors and surfaces within a 35-foot
radius of the hot work area must be swept
free of combustible dust or debris. This is
part of the pre-inspection.

132
All openings or cracks in the walls, floors, or
ducts that are potential travel passages for
sparks, heat and flames must be covered.
A fire extinguisher must be readily available
and readily accessible.
Fire Watches are posted by a PAI if the
situation requires one, during hot work, and
for at least 30-60 minutes after work has been
completed.

133
Hot Work guidelines and rules from
the Boston Fire Department

134
HOT WORK PERMIT- City of Boston:
Hot work requirements in the
City of Boston are exponentially
more stringent than in the rest
of the state or country for that
matter. For good reason…

135
Any type of substantial hot work that
involves lengthy periods of welding,
cutting, or brazing that creates high
temperatures of any sort of metals must
have a Boston Fire Dept. detail official on
site to monitor such work. This is to insure
that the proper use of the hot work is
being followed and simply, SAFETY.

136
However, in the event that an
authorized BFD detail monitor is not
available and there is no other
alternative personnel, the Boston Fire
Dept. detail liaison will notify said
company that the detail is cancelled.

137
The BFD then has the discretion to fax
a written official waiver allowing said
entity to proceed with hot work as
long as an appropriate qualified
employee monitors the hot work and
inspects the affected area 45-60
minutes after work has completed.

138
The First and Last Rule of Fire Life
Safety- If an Alarm is sounding- don’t
assume they heard it. Always dial 911

139
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Safety Message:

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~Thank you for attending today’s
presentation on Fire Life Safety~

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Fire Life Safety- Point of Ignition 2011- By Richard Garrity

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