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Marketing Management V57
Prof. Bong De Ungria

Summary of Top 10 Concepts in
Designing and Managing
Integrated Marketing Channels
By: Raymund C. Piñon
Submitted: May 10, 2012

   1. Marketing is a system of profitably creating, delivering and communicating
      superior customer value to satisfy customers’ needs, wants and demands much
      better than competition. To be able to do this, we must consider the 7 tasks of
      marketing, the 6th of which is DELIVERING and COMMUNICATING
      CUSTOMER VALUE.

   2. Marketing channels are independent organizations that are involved in the process
      of making products and services available for use and consumption. They are also
      called intermediaries. They perform functions that facilitate the movement of
      goods and services from manufacturer to final end-user. Channels are important
      because they account for 30% to 50% of price margins, they convert potential
      buyers to profitable customers, and they affect all other marketing mix decisions a
      firm needs to consider in marketing their products and services like pricing,
      promotions, etc.

   3. The first step in the process of designing and managing integrated marketing
      channels is to understand customers’ needs. Consumers choose where they will
      buy from based on price, product assortment, convenience and personal shopping
      goals. Marketers using different channels must be aware that different consumers
      have different needs during the buying process.

   4. Design aspects of channels also consider the different flows and levels in
      marketing channels involving different intermediaries playing different
      facilitating roles in the process of making products and services available for use.
      The 5 marketing flows in channels are: physical flow, title flow, payment flow,
      information flow and promotions flow. Also consider the differences in required
      levels for consumer channels and industrial goods channels.

   5. 20th century marketing requires that we go beyond thinking of channels merely as
      conduits or supply chains, which is sees markets only as destinations, but to move
      to more progressive customer-centric views as represented by concepts such as
      Demand Chain Planning - which emphasizes what customers are looking for,
      instead of focusing on what we are selling - to a more advanced view of delivery
      systems such as the Value Networks. A Value network is a system of partnerships
      and alliances that a firm creates to source, augment and deliver its offerings. This
      concept takes view of companies as being at the center of a value network that
      orchestrates these alliances in order to deliver superior value to the target
customers.

6. In making decisions about channel design, we must consider three issues:
       a. What desired service output level do our customers have? This involves:
               i. Lot sizes
              ii. Waiting and delivery time
             iii. Spatial convenience
             iv. Product variety
              v. Service back up
       b. What will be our channel objectives? This involves:
               i. Stating channel target service output levels
              ii. Organizing channel tasks to deliver outputs at minimal total
                    channel cost
             iii. Choosing segments to serve and best channels to serve them
             iv. Observing what competitors are doing
              v. Adapting channel objectives to larger environmental context
             vi. Varying objectives to suit product characteristics
       c. How do we identify and evaluate major channel alternatives? That is, we
          choose a mix of channels that reach different segments of buyers and
          deliver the right products at the least cost. Also we must consider 3
          elements of channel alternatives in evaluating channels:
               i. What types of business intermediaries are available?
              ii. How many intermediaries are needed?
                       1. Exclusive distribution - for limited number
                       2. Selective distribution – few but less than all
                       3. Intensive distribution – all products in as many outlets
             iii. What terms, and what are the responsibilities of each channel
                    member?
          Finally we can evaluate major channel alternatives using
                 i.    Economic criteria
                ii.    Control criteria
               iii.    Adaptive criteria

7. Channel management decisions follow after choosing a channel system. This
   requires a company to
      a. Select individual channel members
      b. Train and motivate channel members. In motivating channel members, we
          are accorded tools to obtain desired channel cooperation, such as:
                i. Exercise of channel power
               ii. Forging long-term partnerships by clarifying expectations
              iii. Streamlining the supply chain and cutting costs adopting ECR –
                   Efficient Consumer Response practices
      c. Evaluate individual channel members
      d. Modify channel design and arrangement over time
Also in managing channels, we must consider how much effort to devote to trade
    push and market pull strategies. Ideally, these efforts must be coordinated to
    yield synergy.

8. Some of the recent developments in channels include Vertical Marketing Systems
   (VMS), Horizontal Marketing Systems (HMS) and Integrated Multi-Channel
   Marketing Systems
      a. Vertical Marketing Systems are producers, wholesalers and retailer acting
         as a unified system. Strong channel members control channel behavior and
         eliminate conflict. They achieve economies of scale via size, bargaining
         power and elimination of duplicate services. Some examples of VMS are:
               i. Corporate VMS
              ii. Administered VMS
             iii. Contractual VMS
      b. Horizontal Marketing Systems are two or more unrelated companies that
         put together resources or programs to exploit an emerging marketing
         opportunity.
      c. Integrating Multi-Channel Marketing Systems
               i. Multi-channel marketing
                      1. Companies using two or more channels to reach one or
                          more customer segment
              ii. Integrated marketing channel system
                      1. strategies and tactics of selling through one channel reflects
                          the strategies and tactics of selling through other channels
      d. Benefits of multi-channel marketing systems are: increased marketing
         coverage, lower channel costs and more customized selling.
      e. Competition in retailing is no longer between independent business units
         but between whole systems of centrally-planned networks competing
         against one another to achieve the best economies and customer response

9. Some of the disadvantages of multi-channel marketing systems are: channel
   conflict and problems with control. Some of the more common causes of channel
   conflict are: goal incompatibility, unclear roles and rights, differences in
   perception and intermediaries’ dependence on the manufacturer. The challenge is
   not to eliminate conflict, but to manage them through:
       a. Adoption of super-ordinate goals
       b. Joint membership in trade associations
       c. Exchange of employees
       d. Co-optation
       e. Diplomacy, mediation or arbitration
       f. Legal recourse

10. E-commerce has gained significance as companies have grown to adopt brick-
    and-click channels. In designing an integrated marketing channel system,
    companies must take advantage of the strengths of online and offline selling and
    can work synergistically to bring about better value delivery at lower cost.
Finally, marketers must consider the emergence of m-commerce of the use of cell
phones, PDAs and other devices in planning their integrated marketing channels
design.

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Markman v57 chap.15 word file summary of top 10 concepts in designing intergrated marketing channels by raymund piñon

  • 1. Marketing Management V57 Prof. Bong De Ungria Summary of Top 10 Concepts in Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels By: Raymund C. Piñon Submitted: May 10, 2012 1. Marketing is a system of profitably creating, delivering and communicating superior customer value to satisfy customers’ needs, wants and demands much better than competition. To be able to do this, we must consider the 7 tasks of marketing, the 6th of which is DELIVERING and COMMUNICATING CUSTOMER VALUE. 2. Marketing channels are independent organizations that are involved in the process of making products and services available for use and consumption. They are also called intermediaries. They perform functions that facilitate the movement of goods and services from manufacturer to final end-user. Channels are important because they account for 30% to 50% of price margins, they convert potential buyers to profitable customers, and they affect all other marketing mix decisions a firm needs to consider in marketing their products and services like pricing, promotions, etc. 3. The first step in the process of designing and managing integrated marketing channels is to understand customers’ needs. Consumers choose where they will buy from based on price, product assortment, convenience and personal shopping goals. Marketers using different channels must be aware that different consumers have different needs during the buying process. 4. Design aspects of channels also consider the different flows and levels in marketing channels involving different intermediaries playing different facilitating roles in the process of making products and services available for use. The 5 marketing flows in channels are: physical flow, title flow, payment flow, information flow and promotions flow. Also consider the differences in required levels for consumer channels and industrial goods channels. 5. 20th century marketing requires that we go beyond thinking of channels merely as conduits or supply chains, which is sees markets only as destinations, but to move to more progressive customer-centric views as represented by concepts such as Demand Chain Planning - which emphasizes what customers are looking for, instead of focusing on what we are selling - to a more advanced view of delivery systems such as the Value Networks. A Value network is a system of partnerships and alliances that a firm creates to source, augment and deliver its offerings. This concept takes view of companies as being at the center of a value network that orchestrates these alliances in order to deliver superior value to the target
  • 2. customers. 6. In making decisions about channel design, we must consider three issues: a. What desired service output level do our customers have? This involves: i. Lot sizes ii. Waiting and delivery time iii. Spatial convenience iv. Product variety v. Service back up b. What will be our channel objectives? This involves: i. Stating channel target service output levels ii. Organizing channel tasks to deliver outputs at minimal total channel cost iii. Choosing segments to serve and best channels to serve them iv. Observing what competitors are doing v. Adapting channel objectives to larger environmental context vi. Varying objectives to suit product characteristics c. How do we identify and evaluate major channel alternatives? That is, we choose a mix of channels that reach different segments of buyers and deliver the right products at the least cost. Also we must consider 3 elements of channel alternatives in evaluating channels: i. What types of business intermediaries are available? ii. How many intermediaries are needed? 1. Exclusive distribution - for limited number 2. Selective distribution – few but less than all 3. Intensive distribution – all products in as many outlets iii. What terms, and what are the responsibilities of each channel member? Finally we can evaluate major channel alternatives using i. Economic criteria ii. Control criteria iii. Adaptive criteria 7. Channel management decisions follow after choosing a channel system. This requires a company to a. Select individual channel members b. Train and motivate channel members. In motivating channel members, we are accorded tools to obtain desired channel cooperation, such as: i. Exercise of channel power ii. Forging long-term partnerships by clarifying expectations iii. Streamlining the supply chain and cutting costs adopting ECR – Efficient Consumer Response practices c. Evaluate individual channel members d. Modify channel design and arrangement over time
  • 3. Also in managing channels, we must consider how much effort to devote to trade push and market pull strategies. Ideally, these efforts must be coordinated to yield synergy. 8. Some of the recent developments in channels include Vertical Marketing Systems (VMS), Horizontal Marketing Systems (HMS) and Integrated Multi-Channel Marketing Systems a. Vertical Marketing Systems are producers, wholesalers and retailer acting as a unified system. Strong channel members control channel behavior and eliminate conflict. They achieve economies of scale via size, bargaining power and elimination of duplicate services. Some examples of VMS are: i. Corporate VMS ii. Administered VMS iii. Contractual VMS b. Horizontal Marketing Systems are two or more unrelated companies that put together resources or programs to exploit an emerging marketing opportunity. c. Integrating Multi-Channel Marketing Systems i. Multi-channel marketing 1. Companies using two or more channels to reach one or more customer segment ii. Integrated marketing channel system 1. strategies and tactics of selling through one channel reflects the strategies and tactics of selling through other channels d. Benefits of multi-channel marketing systems are: increased marketing coverage, lower channel costs and more customized selling. e. Competition in retailing is no longer between independent business units but between whole systems of centrally-planned networks competing against one another to achieve the best economies and customer response 9. Some of the disadvantages of multi-channel marketing systems are: channel conflict and problems with control. Some of the more common causes of channel conflict are: goal incompatibility, unclear roles and rights, differences in perception and intermediaries’ dependence on the manufacturer. The challenge is not to eliminate conflict, but to manage them through: a. Adoption of super-ordinate goals b. Joint membership in trade associations c. Exchange of employees d. Co-optation e. Diplomacy, mediation or arbitration f. Legal recourse 10. E-commerce has gained significance as companies have grown to adopt brick- and-click channels. In designing an integrated marketing channel system, companies must take advantage of the strengths of online and offline selling and can work synergistically to bring about better value delivery at lower cost.
  • 4. Finally, marketers must consider the emergence of m-commerce of the use of cell phones, PDAs and other devices in planning their integrated marketing channels design.