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Keystroke Level Modeling: Usability's Next Top Model
1. Tool Time - Usability’s Next Top Model:
KEYSTROKE LEVEL
MODELING
Michael Rawlins, President, Connecticut UPA
Lori Hawkins, Sr. UX Consultant, Usability.org
Jeff Sauro, measuringusability.com
June, 2011
2. Why this topic
We’re all striving towards more agility in
the development lifecycle...
Shrinking budgets inspire innovative
solutions using new tools.
Stakeholders need proof ‘earlier’ in the
lifecycle...
KLM is an early indicator - providing
more precision in our baselining and
heuristics.
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3. Why explore this tool?
Time to market – an increasing issue for
product development
Cost of large samples no longer feasible
Collaborative - even a Product Manager
can use this tool!
Level-set - The traditional lab &
observation techniques are not dead...
Perhaps newly augmented by leaner
tools like KLM.
5. Session Goals...
What this tool accomplishes.
KLM’s Significance in the development
lifecycle.
Where best to apply...
We’ll leave a lot of time for Q&A...
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6. What is KLM?
Developed in 1983, KLM is a tool that
provides an estimation of keystrokes
associated to data input tasks.
Best suited for modeling tasks less than
five minutes to complete
Based primarily on modeling a sequence
of operations (K, P, B, H, M, T, W)
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7. Operations
Operator Characteristic Estimation
K key press and release keyboard
P point the mouse to an onscreen object 1.10 seconds
B button press or release 0.10 seconds
H hand from keyboard to mouse 0.40 seconds
M mental preparation 1.20 seconds
T(n) type a string of characters (n* K seconds)
W (t) user waiting for the system to respond
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31. How to Apply…
Select a working prototype
Identify time-to-task goals from
stakeholders
Identify main goals and sub-goals
Determine happy path (and analyze)
Investigate other paths...
Share with stakeholders “are we
directionally correct...”
32. Pros…
forget about the stop watch!
quick and extensible
share task with your stakeholders
33. Cons...
spreadsheets can be intimating
changing time estimates on operators
may require some level of research
Mitigation: Composite KLM tool
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