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61 jan-feb 2008
1.
2.
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[#=i–Ѷ≤„|=i 2008 QÆ∞iÎOѨ٠=∂~°∞ʉõΩ ^•ifÜ«∂Å<Õ PHÍOHõ∆`À =∞#ã¨=∂[O ¢ã‘ÎÅ#∞XHõ~°HõOQÍ#∂ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ#∞=∞~À~°HõOQÍ#∂x~°fizOzOk.¢ã‘ÎxѨÙ~°∞+¨µ_çH˜ÉÏxã¨QÍ =∂ˆ~Û„Hõ=∞OÖ’<ÕDx~°fiK«<åÅ∞=KåÛ~Ú.|ÅOQÍ"Õà◊¥§#∞‰õΩ<åfl~Ú.D~ÀAJqZO`«QÍ=∞#rq`«OÖ’'ã¨Ç¨Ï[O— J~ÚáÈÜ«∂Ü«∞O>Ë Jã¨Å∞ =∞#O `Õ_® =ÙO^Œx QÆ∞iÎOK«ÖË#O`«QÍ. '¢ã‘ΠѨÙ~°∞+¨µe^ŒÌ~°∞ =∞#∞+¨µÖË Hõ^•– "åà◊§ =∞^茺 D `Õ_® ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ =ÙOk— J<Õ PÖ’K«# ‰õÄ_® ~å#O`«QÍ Jq =∞#‰õΩ JÅ"å@~ÚáÈÜ«∂~Ú. =∞i D Ѩiã≤÷u =∂~åÛÅO>Ë–XHõq+¨Ü«∂xflQÆ∞iοãÎ`«~åfi`«^•xfl=∂ˆ~Û,=∂~°∞Û‰õΩ<ՄѨܫ∞`«flOKÕÜ«∞QÆÅO. 'QÆ∞iÎOK«_»O—J<Õ"≥Ú^Œ˜J_»∞QÆ∞"ÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ 'q=Hõ∆— ji¬Hõ#∞„áê~°OaèOKåO.Wkáê~î°‰õΩÅji¬Hõ. 'L"≥∞<£ =~°Öò¤— Jx ¿Ñ~°∞ ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩ#fl ëêѨÙÅ∞ Jhfl =O˜O˜ ™ê=∂#∞Å<Õ J=∞‡_»O ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞Oz, á¶êºHõìsÖ’¡ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ HÍi‡‰õΩʼnõΩ `«‰õΩ¯= "Õ`«<åÅ∞ ~Ú=fi_»O ^•HÍ „Ѩux`«ºO ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯<Õ q=Hõ∆ QÆ∞iÎOz `«=∞ J#∞Éèí"åÅ #∞O_ç, ѨijÅ# #∞O_ç áê~î°‰õΩÅ∞ ~åã≤ ѨOáêÅx HÀ~°∞`«∞<åflO. =∞#Ö’ =∞#ˆH `≥b‰õΩO_® ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩáÈ~Ú# áê`«|∂A#∞=keOK«∞HÀ=_®xH˜‰õÄ_®Dji¬HõLѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_®Å<Õ^ÕPHÍOHõ∆. 'ã¨ÊO^Œ#— ^•K«∞HÀ_®xH˜ HÍ^Œ∞ ѨOK«∞HÀ_®xH˜! x`«ºrq`«OÖ’ '¢ã‘ÎÅ∞—QÍ =∞#O Z<Àfl J#∞Éèí"åÅ#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞<åflO. =∞# K«∞@∂ì Z<Àfl ã¨OѶ¨∞@#Ö’¡ ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ ÉÏ^èŒÅ‰õΩ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. H˘xfl™ê~°∞¡ ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ "å˜x Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∂ =ÙOÏ~°∞. XHÀ¯™êi q[Ü«∞=O`«=∞=Ù`å~°∞. XHÀ¯™êi qѶ¨Å"≥∞ÿ<å qÅ∞"≥·# QÆ∞}áê~îåÅ#∞ <Õ~°∞ÛH˘x =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ "≥à◊¥Î =ÙOÏ~°∞. W=hfl =∞#H© [~°Q˘K«∞Û ‰õÄ_®. WÖÏO˜ ã¨O^Œ~åƒùÖ’¡ =∞#O^ŒiÖ’ U^À XHõ Hõ∆}OÖ’<Õ HÍ=K«∞Û– nxfl JO^ŒiH© K≥áêÊe, JO^Œi`À ѨOK«∞HÀ"åe, nxfl ~åã≤ JO^Œi`À K«kqOKåe J<Õ ÉèÏ=O HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. =∞#O QÆ=∞xOz# XHõ q+¨Ü«∂xfl, =∞#O <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩ#fl XHõ q+¨Ü«∂xfl, ÖË^• =∞#O K«eOzáÈ~Ú# ã¨OѶ¨∞@#x QÍh =∞#Ö’<Õ ^•K«∞HÀ"åÅxÑ≤OK«^Œ∞, ѨOK«∞HÀ"åÅxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. JO^Œ∞HÀã¨"Õ∞ D 'ã¨ÊO^Œ#— ji¬Hõ. W<åflà◊√§QÍ "≥eH˜f¿ã "ÕkHõ ÖËHõ g∞Ö’ ^•y =Ù#fl J<ÕHõ ÉèÏ"åʼnõÄ, PÖ’K«#ʼnõÄ, ã¨ÊO^Œ#‰õÄ JHõ∆~°~°∂áêxfl=fiO_ç. g∞~°∞ ~åÜ«∂Å#∞‰õΩ#fl ã¨OѶ¨∞@#Åx ã¨ÊO^Œ# ji¬HõH˜ ѨOѨO_ç. <åÅ∞QÆ∞QÀ_»Å =∞^茺 =∞#efl |OkèOz, =∞#efl XHõi`À XHõix HõÅ=‰õΩO_® =∞# PÖ’K«#efl ѨOK«∞HÀx=fi‰õΩO_® KÕã¨∞Î#fl ã¨=∂[ Hõ@∞ìÉÏ@¡#∞ KèÕk^•ÌO. =∞# ã¨ÊO^Œ#efl ѨOK«∞H˘O^•O! D ji¬Hõ g∞k.
5.
5=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO v [#=i–Ѷ≤„|=i
2008 ã¨Oáê^ŒH©Ü«∞O „¿Ñ"≥∂<å‡^Œ^•_»∞eflYO_ç^•ÌO '„¿Ñ=∞—— ã¨r=O ™ê~°fi[h#O ã¨=∞+≤ìH˜ =¸ÅO ã¨=∂#`åfixH˜ ã¨OˆH`«O „¿Ñ=∞‰õΩ Zxfl x~°fiK«<åezÛ<å `«‰õΩ¯"Õ. JO`« Q˘Ñ¨Ê J*ËÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ#, J=∞~°"≥∞ÿ# „¿Ñ=∞ <Õ_»∞ ã¨~°∞Hõ~ÚºOk. ѨQÆ, ^Õfi+¨O, D~°¬º, =OK«#‰õΩ xÅÜ«∞"≥∞ÿOk. ™êfi~åúxH˜ |Å~ÚºOk. K≥·`«<åºxH˜, Jaè=$kúH˜ =¸Å"≥∞ÿ# =∞˜ìH˜ =∞#∞+¨µÅ∞ ^Œ∂~°=∞=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. Éèí∂q∞H˜ ^Œ∂~°"≥∞ÿ, Ü«∞O„`åxH˜ ^ŒQÆæÔ~· '=∞~°— =∞#∞+¨µÅ∞QÍ =∂~°∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. âßs~°Hõ „â◊=∞#∞ ˆQeKÕã¨∂Î, "Õ∞^äÀ „â◊"Õ∞ Q˘Ñ¨Ê^Œx Kå@∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# „ѨHõ$ux ^èŒfiOã¨OKÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. Jã¨Ç¨Ï[ ~°OQÆ∞Å ''„ѨѨOpHõ~°}Ö’—— `ÕeáÈ`«∂, J^Õ x[=∞<Õ „Éèí=∞Ö’ ^•i`≥#∞fl `≥eÜ«∞Hõ Ѩ`«#=∞=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. =∞˜ì`À ã¨O|O^èŒ=Ú#fl [#Ѩ^•ÅÖ’ ã¨~°fi„áê}∞Å =∞^茺 „¿Ñ=∞ WOHÍ |uH˜ =ÙOk. =∂#gÜ«∞ ã¨Ê~°≈ q∞ye=ÙOk. #QÆsHõ~°}`À =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ#∞ „¿Ñq∞ã¨∞Î#fl =∞#∞+¨µÖ’¡ =∂#=ã¨Ê~°≈ "≥Ú^Œ∞ÌÉÏ~°∞`«∞Ok. `À˜=∞x+≤ J<Õ ã¨Ê$Ç¨Ï HÀÖ’Ê~Ú, rq`«O ѨOK«∞HÀ"åeû# =∞=∞`«Å∞ ÃÑOK«∞HÀ"åeû# ¢ã‘Îx „¿Ñq∞OK«ÖË^Œ<Õ '™ê‰õΩ—`À #e¿Ñã¨∞Î<åfl_»∞. ѨÙ#~°∞`«ÊuÎH˜ =¸Å"≥∞ÿ# P"≥∞#∞ zk"Õ∞ã¨∞Î<åfl_»∞. XO@iQÍ =Ù<åfl, ã¨=¸Ç¨ÏOÖ’ ~°Hõ∆}QÍ L<åfl=<Õ 'nè=∂—`À =Ù<åfl, Éèí„^•xfl |^ŒÌÅ∞ KÕã¨∂Î, ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# L^èÕfiQÍÅ∞ Hõ∆}˜HÍ"ÕâßÖˇ·, #∂~°∞ѨÙ=ÙfiÖÏ¡ qHõã≤OKåeû# ¢ã‘ÎÅ rq`åÅ∞ J~åúO`«~°OQÍ =ÚQÆ∞ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. QÆ`« ^Œâß|ÌO D "å~°ÎʼnõΩ Ñ¨`åHõji¬HõÅÜ«∂º~Ú. D ^Œâß|ÌO =∂=¸Å∞ "å~°ÎÅ∞QÍ U^À =¸Ö# KÕiáÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. xÅ|_»¤ H˘=∞‡#∞ #~°∞‰õΩ¯<Õ `≥QÆ∞= =∞x+≤H˜ ZÖÏ =zÛOk? ã¨Ç¨Ï*Ï`«=∂, =ºH˜ÎQÆ`«=∂? HÍ^Œ∞ =º=ã¨÷ hK«Ñ¨Ù ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxH˜, ™êfi~åúxH˜ ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅÖ’ |ÅÇ‘Ï#`«efl ÃÑOz áÈ+≤Oz, áê=ÙQÍ=∂iÛ, |eѨâ◊√=ÙQÍ xÅɡ˜ìOk. J`«xfl <Õ~°ã¨∞ÎxQÍ =∂~°∞ã¨∂Î ¢ã‘ÎÅÃÑ· Lã≤Q˘eÊOk. ã¨OѶ¨∞˜`«â◊H˜Îx peÛ, ã¨"åÅHõ∆ "≥·~°∞^•ºÅ#∞ ÃÑOz â◊„`«∞=Ùefl KÕã≤Ok. `«#∞ (=º=ã¨÷) =∂„`«O 'H©¡<£pò— WK«∞Û‰õΩOk. JO^Œ∞ˆH LÅ∞‰õÄ, ѨÅ∞‰õÄ =∂<Õã≤Ok. =º=ã¨÷ ~°OQÆ∞ `≥eã≤# W~°∞=Ù~°O UHõ=∞=Ù^•O. Tã¨~°"≥e¡ "≥∞_»Å∞ =OK«∞^•O. „ѨѨOKåxfl [~ÚOKÕ „¿Ñ=∞‰õΩ 'H˘`«Î— J~åúxfl^•ÌO. =∞#∞+¨µÅ∞QÍ ˆ~Ѩ˜ `«~åxH˜ "≥Å∞QÆ∞x^•ÌO.
6.
6 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO v
[#=i–Ѷ≤„|=i 2008 ^˘~°∞‰õΩKÀ@∞¡ "≥Å : 15/-"≥Å : 10/- =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æOH˘`«Î„ѨK«∞~°}Å∞ #"À^ŒÜ«∞ |∞H±Ç¨Ï∫ãπ P~°ºã¨=∂*ò Z^Œ∞~°∞QÍ HÍzQÆ∂_», ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ kâ◊ ѨÙã¨ÎHõ ˆHO„^ŒO zHõ¯_»Ñ¨e¡ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ `≥Å∞QÆ∞ ѨÙã¨ÎHõO HÍzQÆ∂_», ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ "≥∞ÿ„u |∞H± ǨÏ∫ãπ =∞ã‘^Œ∞gkä, HÍ~°Öò=∂~ü¯ û ~À_£ q[Ü«∞"å_» =∞}˜ |∞H±™êìÖò ã¨O_Õ =∂Ô~¯ò <≥Å∂¡~°∞ Ѩ^Œ‡ |∞H±™êìÖò HÍÖˇ*ò~À_£ J#O`«Ñ¨Ù~°O ã≤.q.‰õΩ=∂~ü <åà◊O "åi gkä QÆOQÍ#=∞‡¿Ñ@ `≥<åe ‰õΩâ◊Å |∞H±™êìÖò WO.<≥O.2–2–281/Z ÉÏQ∑ JO|~ü¿Ñ@ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~° |∞H±=∂~ü¯ ÉÏQ∑eOQÆOѨe¡ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£
7.
7=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO v [#=i–Ѷ≤„|=i
2008 ÅH˜;H˜*’Ǩ~°∞¡ ^Õ"ÕO„^Œ =∞^Œ∂Ìi =Ú^Œ∞Ìa_»¤ =∞~°∞ѨÙ~åx =∞#ã¨Î`«fiO =¸sÎÉèíqOz# =∂#=`«fiO =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ áÈ~°∞‰õΩ =∞}˜nѨO P#O^ŒHõ~°"≥∞ÿ#"å`å=~°}OÖ’,QÆÅQÆÅ#=ÙfiÅ∞qxÑ≤ã¨∞Î#flKÀ@, z~°∞#=ÙfiÖÁeˆH ÅH˜∆ ‡ =∞#‰õΩ HõxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. Ѩk=∞Ok XHõKÀ@ ‰õÄ_ç`Õ "åix `«# áê@`À<À, =∂@`À<À, Jaè#Ü«∞O`À<À, PÖ’zOKÕÖÏ, P#OkOKÕÖÏ KÕ¿ãk ÅH˜∆ ‡. ÅH˜∆ ‡ `«# áÈ~å@O P^Œ~°≈O HÍ^Œx, J=ã¨~°O Jx #q∞‡# =ºH˜Î. Pq^èŒOQÍ `«#∞ J#flk,J#∞‰õΩ#flkPK«iOzJ=∞~°∞~åÖˇ·,=∞#O^ŒiH˜P^Œ~°≈OQÍ xezOk. ~°`«<åÅ ã‘=∞ <Õ_»∞ ~åà◊§ã‘=∞QÍ =∂i# ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞Ö’x Hõ~°∂flÅ∞ lÖÏ¡Ö’x áê=ÚÅáê_»∞ =∞O_»ÅO, =∞^Œ∂Ì~°∞ „QÍ=∞OÖ’ Ѩ٘ìOk.=∂~°∞=¸Å„QÍ=∞"≥∞ÿ#=∞^Œ∂Ì~°∞Ö’x,TiH˜^Œ∂~°OQÍ =ÙO_≥ ^Œo`«"å_»Ö’x =∂kQÆ a_»¤ ÅH˜∆ ‡. Hõ_»∞ ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO`À J<ÕHõ HõëêìÅ`À ÃÑiy ÃÑ^ŒÌ^≥· =∞^Œ∂Ì~°∞ =Ú^Œ∞Ìa_»¤QÍ =∂iOk. WO˜H˜ ÃÑ^ŒÌa_»¤QÍ,WO’¡`«#`À|∞@∞ì=ÙÅH˜ÃÑ^ŒÌkÔH·¯Ok.¿Ñ^ŒiHõO`À, ‰õΩÅ q=Hõ∆`À, P_»Ñ≤Å¡QÍ ÃÑiy# ÅH˜∆ ‡H˜ ¿Ñ^Œ iHõOÖ’x ÉÏ^èŒ, ¿Ñ^ŒÅ ã¨=∞㨺Å∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. ‰õΩÅq=Hõ∆`À ÃÑiy# ÅH˜∆ ‡H˜ ‰õΩÅO ‰õΩà◊√§, J„QÆ=~°‚ J}z"Õ`« `≥Å∞ã¨∞. P_»Ñ≤Å¡QÍ ÃÑiy# ÅH˜∆ ‡H˜ ѨÙ~°∞ëêkèѨ`«ºO, Ñ≤`«$™êfi=∞ºO P}z"Õ`« `≥Å∞ã¨∞. "≥Ú`«ÎOQÍ rq`åxflK«kq#ÅH˜∆ ‡=~°æJ}z"Õ`«#∞J~°÷OKÕã¨∞‰õΩOk.^ÀÑ≤_ç =~åæxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ HõkeOk. |∂~°∞˚"å K«^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ K«^Œ=HõáÈ~Ú<å rq`åefl ‰õÄÅO‰õ+¨OQÍ K«kq# ÅH˜∆ ‡ D J}z"Õ`«efl Z^Œ∞~À¯=ÏxH˜, g˜x ~°∂Ѩ٠=∂Ѩ_®xH˜ q=ÚH˜Î ÉÏ@ Ѩ˜ìOk. áÈ~°∞^•iÖ’ ÔH~°@"≥∞ÿ ZQÆã≤ Ѩ_çOk. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ KÕã≤# Éèí∂áÈ~åÏÖ’¡, ™ê~å =ºuˆ~Hõ áÈ~åÏÖ’¡ =ÚO^Œ∞ =~°ã¨Ö’ #_çzOk. K≥·`«#º =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã¨=∂YºÖ’ KÕi JuH˘kÌ HÍÅOÖ’<Õ ~å¢+¨ì™ê÷~Ú <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO =~°‰õΩ ZkyOk. `«#∞ Ãјì# >ˇÿÅ~ü ëêÑπ‰õΩ 'K≥·`«#º >ˇÿÅ~ü ëêÑπ— Jx ¿Ñ~°∞ ÃјìOk. ÅH˜∆ ‡ áêÅÖ’¡ hà◊§ÖÏQÍ „Ѩ[Ö’¡ =∞"Õ∞Hõ"≥∞ÿ ѨxKÕã≤Ok. JO^Œ∞ˆH „Ѩ[Å∞ ÅH˜∆ ‡H˜ JѨÙ~°∂Ѩ"≥∞ÿ# Jaè=∂<åxfl ѨOKå~°∞.`«=∞ã¨fiO`«=ºH˜ÎQÍǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂xH˜Ç¨Ï`«∞ΉõΩ<åfl~°∞.ÅH˜∆ ‡ „Ѩ[ʼnõΩ x["≥∞ÿ# áÈ~°∞ nѨ"≥∞ÿOk. ZѨÙÊ_»∂ „Ѩ[Å QÆ∞O_≥Ö’¡ "≥Å∞QÆ∞`«∂<Õ LO@∞Ok. ÅH˜∆ ‡ XHõ Q˘Ñ¨Ê HõàÏHÍi}˜. P ~°HõOQÍ P"≥∞ =∞Oz P^Œ~°}#∞ á⁄OkOk. P"≥∞ QÍ~Úx, P"≥∞ áê@ =∞#ã¨∞ Ö’`«∞Ö’¡ QÆ∞K«∞Û‰õΩ áÈÜÕ∞O`« ã¨∂˜QÍ, =∞^èŒ∞~°OQÍ LO@∞Ok. P"≥∞ ã¨=∞㨺ÅÃÑ·áê@Å∞áê_ç`ՄѨ[ÅHõà◊§"≥O@hà◊√§H͈~q.ã¨=∞㨺ŠѨiëê¯~åxH˜áÈ~°∞K≥Ü«∂ºÅ<ÕTѨÙxKÕÛk.P"≥∞Jaè#Ü«∞OKÕ¿ãÎ x[=∂ J#flO`« Pâ◊Û~°ºO Q˘e¿Ñk. P"≥∞ XHõ HõàÏ=¸iÎQÍ xezáÈ~ÚOk. J„Ѩ*Ï™êfiq∞Hõ „ѨÉèí∞`«fiOÖ’ JOk#O`å ^ÀK«∞‰õΩ<Õ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞, á¶êã≤ã¨∞ì áêʼnõΩÅ∞ „Ѩ[Å#∞ ZѨÙÊ_»∂ Ñ≤`«$™êfi=∞ºO ‰õΩÅO,=∞`«O,=~°æJ}z"Õ`«Ö’¡<≥@∞ì`«∂`«=∞^ÀÑ≤_ôxÜ«∞^èÕK«ÛùQÍ ™êyã¨∂Î=ÙOÏ~°∞.áÈ~°∞náêÅ#∞"≥ÅQÆx=fi~°∞.„Ѩ*Ï<åÜ«∞‰õΩefl |`«Hõx=fi~°∞.=∞#ÅH˜∆ ‡D#~°Ç¨ÏO`«HõáêʼnõΩʼnõΩ„@‰õΩ|Öˇ·Ok. x["≥∞ÿ# áÈ~°∞ ÉÏ>ˇÿ =∞#‰õΩ P^Œ~°≈"≥∞ÿOk. „Ѩ[Å QÆ∞O_≥Ö’¡ "≥Å∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl nѨ"≥∞ÿ, ã¨#flQÍ qxÑ≤ã¨∞Î#fl ~åQÆ"≥∞ÿ J=∞~°`«fiO á⁄OkOk. 2005 [#=i 8 ÅH˜∆ ‡ J=∞~°∞~åÖˇ·# ~ÀA. D ~ÀA# =∞#O ÅH˜∆ ‡x 㨇iã¨∂Î, x"åà◊√ÅiÊ^•ÌO. ÅH˜∆ ‡ Pâ◊Ü«∂xfl =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ fã¨∞‰õΩáÈ^•O. ÅH˜∆ ‡Ö’ L#fl x*Ï~Úf, xO_»∞^Œ#O, ã¨∂˜^Œ#O, „Ѩ[Ö’¡ Hõeã≤áÈÜÕ∞ =∞#ã¨Î`«fiO, áÈ~å@ J=ã¨~åxfl Kå˜#ÅH˜∆ ‡ã¨∞QÆ∞}Ïefl=∞#OѨÙ}˜H˜Ñ¨ÙK«∞Û‰õΩO^•O.ÅH˜∆ ‡Pâ◊Ü«∞ ™ê^èŒ#Ö’ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ #_»∞^•ÌO. „â◊=∞ q=ÚH˜Î ÖˉõΩO_® ¢ã‘Î q=ÚH˜Î [~°QÆÉ’^Œx x#k^•ÌO. ÅH˜∆ ‡H˜ *’Ǩ~°∞¡... › › › ã¨O㨇~°}
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[#=i–Ѷ≤„|=i 2008 WHõáÈ`Õ, W"åfià◊ ^äŒ~°‡Öò q^Œ∞º`ü J~Ú<å, ÃÇ·Ï_»Öò q^Œ∞º`ü J~Ú<å,ÃÑ„’eÜ«∞O=O˜WO^Œ<åÖˇ·<å"å`å=~°}HÍÅ∞ëêºxfl ÃÑOK«∞`«∞<åfl~ÚHõ#∞Hõ,DJ}∞q^Œ∞º`üZO`ÀP~ÀQƺHõ~°"≥∞ÿOk, Ѩ~åº=~°}ÏxH˜ã¨∞~°H˜∆`«"≥∞ÿOk,H©¡<£Z#s˚J@."≥∞^Œ_»∞"≥∂HÍà◊¡Ö’¡H˜ =¿ãÎ<À,`«ÅHÍÜ«∞Ö’¡^Œ∞~å‡~°æOxO_ç`Õ<À `«Ñ¨ÊW@∞=O˜"å^Œ# KÕÜ«∞=Ú.x*ÏxH˜JxflWO^Œ<åÅ=Å¡q_»∞^ŒÅJÜÕ∞ºHÍÅ∞+¨ºO Hõ<åflJ}∞WO^Œ#HÍÅ∞+¨ºO„Ѩ=∂^ŒHõ~°"≥∞ÿOk.J}∞iÜ«∂Hõì~°¡Ö’ "å_ÕWO^Œ#"≥∞ÿ#Ü«Úˆ~xÜ«∞O=O˜ˆ~_çÜ≥∂^è•i‡HõѨ^•~åúÅ#∞ <ÕÅ #∞O_ç `«qfi fÜ«∞_»O ^ŒQÆæ~°#∞O_ç "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ_ç`Õ, J}∞ q^Œ∞º`ü `«Ü«∂s `«~åfi`« q∞yÖË =º~å÷Å =~°‰õÄ "≥Ú`«ÎO Ju „Ѩ=∂^ŒHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# ˆ~_çÜÕ∞+¨<£. D "≥Ú`«ÎO „Hõ=∞OÖ’x J<ÕHÍ<ÕHõ ^Œâ◊Ö’¡ ZHõ¯_» U z#fl `«Ñ≤Ê^ŒO [iy<å, [iˆQ „Ѩ=∂^ŒO ZO`« f„="≥∞ÿOk!JO^Œ∞ˆHJaè=$kúK≥Ok#^ÕâßÅ∞,Ѩ~åº=~°}ã¨Ê$Ç¨Ï Hõey# ^ÕâßÅ∞ J}∞ q^Œ∞º`ü#∞ „Hõ=∞„Hõ=∞OQÍ `«yæOK«∞HÀ"åÅ#∞ ‰õΩO@∞<åfl~Ú. W"åfià◊ J"≥∞iHÍ `«# ^ŒQÆæ~°∞#fl J}∞ WO^Œ<åxfl, >ˇHÍflÅrx =∞#‰õΩ J=Ú‡H˘x ™⁄=Ú‡ KÕã¨∞HÀ^ŒÅ∞K«∞‰õΩO>Ë Jk 'H©¡<£Z#s˚—J~ÚáÈ`«∞O^•?„ѨѨOK«=∞O`«ÏÉÏ^茺`å~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ# „ѨÉèí∞`åfiÅ∂, Jqhu xO_çáÈ~Ú#, _»|∞ƒHÀã¨O ã¨~°fiO `åHõ@∞ì ÃÑ@ìQÆeˆQ=º=ã¨÷Å∞L#flKÀ@„Ѩ=∂^•Å∞[~°QƉõΩO_®,`«Ñ≤Ê^•Å∞ [~°QƉõΩO_® *Ï„QÆ`«ÎÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩOÏO JO>Ë #=∞‡QÆÅ=∂? WHõ¯_» =∞#OQÆ=∞xOK«=Åã≤#=ÚYºq+¨Ü«∞O,Jkq^Œ∞º`ü L`«ÊuÎ J~Ú<å, áêi„âßg∞Hõ~°} J~Ú<å, ¿ã=Å ~°OQÆ"≥∞ÿ<å Jaè=$kúK≥Ok#^ÕâßÅ∞,"å˜ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞K«∂Ñ≤##=¸<åÜÕ∞ "≥Ú`«ÎO„ѨѨOKåxH˜P^Œ~°≈"≥∞ÿOk.P#=¸<å#∞J#∞HõiOK«_»"Õ∞, JO^Œ∞Ö’Wq∞_çáÈ=_»"Õ∞Jaè=$kúK≥O^Œ_»OQÍx~°fizOK«|_çOk. Wk ^•^•Ñ¨Ù 19, 20 â◊`åÉÏÌÅO`å „Ñ¨Ñ¨OK«OÖ’x Jxfl ^ÕâßÅ∞ – Hõ=¸ºxã¨∞ì ^ÕâßÅx K≥ѨÙʉõΩ#fl "å˜`À ã¨Ç¨ W^Õ Jaè=$kú #=¸<å#∞ J#∞ã¨iOKå~Ú. J^Õ Jaè=$kú J#∞‰õΩ<åfl~Ú. HÍh 21= â◊`åÉÏÌxH˜ KÕˆ~ã¨iH˜ D Jaè=$kú q^èŒfiOã¨Hõ ~°∂ѨO |@ì|Ü«∞Öˇ·Ok.DJaè=$kú=∞x+≤x,„ѨHõ$uxÔ~O˜hq^èŒfiOã¨O KÕã¨∞ÎO^Œ<Õk x~°∂Ñ≤OK«|_çOk. D Jaè=$kú =∂#=`åfixH©, „ѨHõ$uH©=ºuˆ~HõOQÍZ‰õΩ¯ÃÑ@ì|_ç#=ӺǨÏOJxã¨Ê+¨ì=∞~ÚOk. WHõ<≥·<å „Ñ¨Ñ¨OK«O Hõà◊√§ `≥~°==Åã≤ L#flk. U<å_À P„Ѷ≤HÍ ~°K«~Ú`« 'QÆ∂w "å käÜ«∂OQ∑— K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡ 'ˆHO„^•xfl Hõ^ŒÅÛ=Åã≤ =Ù#flk—.Jaè=$kúH˜ˆHO„^ŒOÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∂,ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s^ÕâßÅ∂ HÍ~å^Œ∞. Jaè=$kú ™ê÷xHõ =#~°∞Å qxÜ≥∂QÆOÃÑ·, ™ê÷xHõ „Ѩ[Å „ѨÜ≥∂[<åÅ HÀã¨O, ™ê÷xHõ ã¨O㨯 $`«∞ŠѨi~°Hõ∆}`À [~°QÆ=Åã≤ L#fl^Œ<Õq+¨Ü«∂xflQÆ∞iÎOKåe.Jaè=$kúHÀã¨OÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å"≥·Ñ¨Ù, ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•s ^ÕâßÅ"≥·Ñ¨Ù K«∂_»@O HÍ^Œ∞, ™ê÷xHõ >ˇHÍflÅrÅ#∞, =∞# ѨÓsfi‰õΩÅ∞ ZO`À „â◊q∞Oz =∞#H˜zÛáÈ~Ú# >ˇHÍflÅrÅ#∞ Jaè=$kúKÕã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤L#flk.=∞x+≤H˜J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ#ã¨$[<å`«‡Hõ`«, Jáê~°"≥∞ÿ# â◊H˜Î ™ê=∞~å÷ºÅ∂ L<åfl~Ú. g˜x qxÜ≥∂yOz #∂`«# >ˇHÍflÅrx, #∂`«# #=¸<åÅ#∞ ã¨$+≤ìOK«_»O J™ê^茺O HÍ^Œ∞. ˆH=ÅO q^Œ∞º`ü q+¨Ü«∞"Õ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl, J<ÕHõ #=¸<åÅ∞ Ѩ~åº=~°}ÏxH˜ Ǩx KÕÜ«∞x Z<Àfl „Ѩ`åº=∂flÜ«∂Å∂ L<åfl~Ú. qO_£ Z#s˚ (QÍe #∞O_ç q^Œ∞º`ü L`«ÊuÎ), ã¨=Ú„^Œ Ѩ=<åÅ #∞O_ç Z#s˚, Jxfl˜Hõ<åfl =ÚYºOQÍ qiqQÍ Éèí∂QÀà◊=∞O`«Ï Jxfl HÍÖÏÖ’¡#∂ ^˘iˆH ™œ~°â◊H˜Î #∞O_ç q^Œ∞º`ü – =O˜ J<ÕHõ „Ѩ`åº=∂flÜ«∂Å∞ L<åfl~Ú. J~Ú`Õ D U „Ѩ`åº=∂flÜ«∂Å∂ `«Hõ∆}"Õ∞ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞W=fiQÆeˆQqQÍÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞ʼnõΩHõxÑ≤OK«HõáÈ=_»O KÕ`« U ^Õâ◊=¸ nxÃÑ· sã¨~üÛ#∞ „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«ÖË^Œ∞. JÖÏ [iy LO>Ë Ñ¨~åº=~°}ÏxH˜ Ǩx HõÅ∞QƉõΩO_®<Õ =∂#= J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°ÛQÆeˆQ Ѩ^Œú`«∞Å#∞ ã¨$+≤ìOK«_»O J™ê^茺"Õ∞g∞ HÍ^Œ∞. J~Ú`Õ JO^Œ∞‰õΩ HÍ=Åã≤Ok, W"åfià◊ `å=Ú JkèHÍ~°OÖ’ H˘#™êQÆ_»O HÀã¨=¸,W"åfià◊ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞ÅÃÑ·ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞KÕã¨∞HÀ=_»=¸=∂„`«"Õ∞ ÅHõ∆ ºOQÍ QÆÅ áêʼnõΩÅ∂, ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•~°∞Å∞ HÍ^Œ∞. =∞x+≤h, Ѩ~åº=~°}Ïxfl HÍáê_»∞HÀ"åÅ#∞‰õΩ<Õ, =∂#=ã¨=∂[O Ѩ@¡ „ѨHõ$u Ѩ@¡ ÉÏ^茺`« Hõey#, n~°…HÍeHõ ^Œ$+≤ì QÆÅ „ѨÉèí∞`åfiÅ∞ ~å"åe.„Ѩ[Å∞PJ=ã¨~åxflQÆ∞iÎOKåe.JO`«Hõ<åfl=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ Jaè=$kú J<Õk q∞~°∞q∞@∞¡ Q˘e¿Ñ =∞Ü«∞ã¨ÉèíÖÏO˜k HÍ^Œh, Jaè=$kú =∞x+≤ ˆHO„^ŒOQÍ [~°QÆ=Åã≤O^Œx =∂Ô~¯@∞¡ ˆHO„^ŒOQÍ [~°QÆ=Åã≤Ok HÍ^Œh QÆ∞iÎOKåe. =∞x+≤ ã¨O™ê¯~åxfl, ã¨∞xfl`«`åfixfl, ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ`«#∞ ã¨=Ú#fl`«™ê÷~ÚH˜ ÃÑOK«_»"Õ∞#x J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe. Ѩ„uHõ‰õΩ =ã¨∞Î#fl L`«Î~åÖ’¡ Ѩ„uHõÃÑ·#, „ѨK«∞~°}Å ÃÑ·# Jaè„áêÜ«∂xfl `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜ«∞_»"Õ∞ HÍHõ `å=Ú Ñ¨„uHõ`À ѨOK«∞HÀ"åÅ#∞‰õΩ<Õ H˘xfl q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ áê~î°‰õΩÅ∞ ~åã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. J~Ú`Õ "å~°∞ ѨOK«∞‰õΩ<Õ q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ ˆH=ÅO =∂=~°ˆH Ѩiq∞`«O KÕã¨∞HÀ‰õΩO_® W`«~° áê~î°‰õΩÅ ^Œ$+≤ìH˜ `Õ"åeû# J=ã¨~°O LO^Œx ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åflO. WO^Œ∞Ö’ "åi J#∞Éèí"åÅ∞<åfl~Ú, J#∞Éèí∂`«∞Å∞<åfl~Ú, qâı¡+¨} LOk, „ѨѨOKåxfl =∂~åÛÅ<Õ `«Ñ¨# LOk. #∂~°∞ѨÓÅÖÏ qHõã≤Oz# "åi ÉèÏ"åefl JO^Œi`À ѨOK«∞HÀ_®xH˜ 'áê~î°‰õΩÅ "ÕkHõ— J<Õ ji¬Hõ. áê~î°‰õΩÅ "ÕkHõ › › ›
11.
11=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO v [#=i–Ѷ≤„|=i
2008 JdÅÉèÏ~°`«=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∞Ǩã¨Éèí–=Úã≤¡O=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ q.QÍiæ "å`å=~°}O „Ѩ`ÕºH˜Oz =Úã≤¡O =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ XHõ ã¨"åÅ∞QÍ =ÙO_Õk. ZS_»|∞¡ºã≤ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fi ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞ HÍO„ÔQãπ‰õΩ K≥Ok# "åÔ~·#ѨʘH©, Jk `«##∞ `å#∞ ~å[H©ÜÕ∞`«~°OQÍ z„fHõiOK«∞ ‰õΩOk. "å~°∞ QÍOnè HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂ʼnõΩ =∞^ŒÌ`«∞QÍ f~å‡<åÅ∞ KÕ¿ã"å~°∞. =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã¨O|O^èŒ q+¨Ü«∂ʼnõΩ =∞^ŒÌ`«∞ `≥eÑ≤#O^Œ∞‰õΩ `«~°K«∞QÍ QÍOnè, <≥„Ǩ˙Å#∞ „Ѩâ◊Oã≤OKÕ"å~°∞. q*Ï˝Ñ¨<å Ѩ„`åÅ∞, Js˚ÅÖ’ Ѩ^Œ„Hõ=∂xfl QÆ∞iOp, q+¨Ü«∂xfl QÆ∞iOp =Úã≤¡O ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞ „ѨÉèÏq`«O KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ „Ѩܫ∞uflOz#ѨÙ_»∞ "åix Ѩ˜ìOK«∞‰õΩ<Õ"å~°∞ HÍ^Œ∞. =Úã≤¡O ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ#∞ "åi ÖˇHõ¯Å „ѨHÍ~°O z#fl K≥Öˇ¡à◊√§QÍ K«∂¿ã"å~°∞. U^Õ"≥∞ÿ#ѨʘH© =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã¨OѶ¨∂ʼnõΩ ã¨O|OkèOz J<ÕHõ=∞Ok =ÚY∞ºÖˇ·#, ã¨=∞~°∞÷Öˇ·# =Úã≤¡O =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞O_Õ"å~°∞. ǨÏ*Ï JǨχ^£, +¨sá¶ê ǨÏg∞^£ Jb, ‰õΩÅ∞û"£∞ ã¨Ü«∂hÅ∞ "åiÖ’ „Ѩã≤kú K≥Ok#"å~°∞. XHõ =∞`«"å^Œ (Hõ=¸º#Öò) =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã¨OѶ¨∂xfl ã¨OѶ¨∞˜`«O KÕÜ«∂eûOkQÍ ÉËQÆO ëê#"å*ò#∞ =Úã≤¡O <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ HÀ~å~°∞. JÖÏ KÕ¿ãÎ Jk ZS_»|∞¡ºã≤ Ѩxx ^≥|ƒfã¨∞ÎO^Œx H˘O`«=∞Ok ¿ãflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å∂, ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞Å∂ ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKå~°∞. =Úã≤¡O ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ ~å[H©Ü«∞ PHÍOHõ∆ʼnõΩ =∞^ŒÌ`«∞x=fi_»"Õ∞ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ =Úã≤¡OÅ =∞^茺 ™ê=∞~°ã¨º ã¨O|O^è•Å‰õΩ#fl UÔH·Hõ =∂~°æ=∞x P"≥∞ "åkOzOk. 1936 E<£HõÖÏ¡ ѨO*ÏÉò „á⁄"≥x¬Ü«∞Öò =Úã≤¡O =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ bQ∑ ™ê^è•~°} =∞O_»e ã¨=∂"Õâßxfl „ѨHõ˜OKå~°∞. ã¨OѶ¨∞˜`«O J~Ú# "≥O<Õ D bQ∑, JdÅ ÉèÏ~°`« =Úã≤¡O bQ∑‰õΩ ã¨Éò–Hõq∞© J~ÚOk. nxH˜ J^茺‰õ∆Ω~åeQÍ ÉËQÆO "≥∂^è£ Jb, HÍ~°º^Œi≈QÍ ÉËQÆO ǨÏѶ‘*ò–L^£–n<£Å∞<åfl~°∞. =Úã≤¡O =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å ~å[H©Ü«∞ K≥·`«<åºxfl LnÌÑ≤OѨ KÕÜ«∞_»"Õ∞ ^•x „ѨHõ˜`« ÅHõ∆ ºO. =Úã≤¡O bQ∑ kâ◊QÍ P"≥∞ (ÉËQÆO ëê#"å*ò) "Õã≤# J_»∞QÆ∞ áê`« ZS_»|∞¡ºã≤ ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞Å`À P"≥∞‰õΩ#fl ã¨O|O^è•Å#∞ K≥_»Q˘Ïì~Ú. 1929Ö’ ‰õΩkûÜ«∂, Ѩ~°^•x =ºuˆ~H˜OKÕ #"åÉò ã¨Ü«∞º^£ S*Ï*ò ~°ã¨∂Öò#∞ q"åǨÏ=∂_çOk. P"≥∞ `«# "Õ∞e=Úã¨∞QÆ∞x =kÖËã≤ Ѩ~åÌH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ „Ѩ[ÅÖ’ =∂Ï¡_»<å~°OaèOzOk. 1936Ö’ P"≥∞ SHõº „áêq<£û âßã¨# =∞O_»e HÀã¨O [#~°Öò (=Úã≤¡O) ™ê÷#O ^•fi~å áÈ© KÕÜ«∂Åx x~°‚~ÚOK«∞‰õΩOk. LÖË=∂(=Úã≤¡O =∞`« QÆ∞~°∞=ÙÅ Hõq∞©) XHõ Ѷ¨`åfi#∞ *Ïs KÕã≤Ok. HÍh, P"≥∞ „|Ǩ‡O_»"≥∞ÿ# PkèHõº`«`À ZxflHõ~ÚOk. JO^Œ~°∂ ÉèÏqOKÕ@∞ì =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ "åã¨Î"åxH˜ JO`«˜ KèåO^Œã¨ "å^Œ∞Å∞ HÍ~°<Õ q+¨Ü«∂xfl P"≥∞ ÔQÅ∞Ѩ٠K«∂Ñ≤OzOk. ‰õΩ@∞O| xÜ«∞O„`«}‰õΩ J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ, =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍ~°∞efl xÜ«∞ q∞OKåÅh HÀ~°∞`«∂ âßã¨# ã¨ÉèíÖ’ P"≥∞ =∂Ï¡_ç#ѨÙ_»∞ P"≥∞ J^Œ#OQÍ =∞iO`« u~°™ê¯~åhfl, ^Œ∂+¨}Å#∂ Z^Œ∞~˘¯Ok. P"≥∞ ÉÏźOÖ’ =ÙO_»QÍ `«O„_ç P"≥∞#∞ XHõ „H˜ã≤ìÜ«∞<£ HÍ<≥fiOò‰õΩ Ñ¨OÑ≤#ѨÙ_»∞ ‰õÄ_® HÍ<≥fiOò K«^Œ∞=Ù W™ê¡O‰õΩ =ºuˆ~Hõ"≥∞ÿ#^Œx YO_çã¨∂Î LÖË=∂ XHõ Ѷ¨`åfi *ÏsKÕã≤Ok. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ŠǨωõΩ¯Å HÀã¨O Jq„âßO`«OQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã≤# ÉËQÆO +¨sá¶ê ǨÏg∞^£ Jb =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã¨OѶ¨∂Å`À QƘìQÍ xÅ|_çOk. ÉèÏ~°`« „Ѩ[efl q_»n¿ã Jxfl ~å[H©Ü«∂Å#∂ P"≥∞ u~°ã¨¯ iOzOk. ZS_»|∞¡ºã≤ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ`À ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«_®xfl P"≥∞#∞ WOHÍ HõëêìÅáêÅ∞ KÕã≤Ok. "Õ~åÊ@∞"å^Œ ~å[H©Ü«∂Å∞ HÍ^Œ∞, W™ê¡O QÆ∞iOp =Úã≤¡OÅ QÆ∞iOp "åi‰õΩ#fl JǨÏOÉèÏ=O.'ã¨fi~°‚Ü«ÚQÆO—, 'pHõ˜ Ü«ÚQÆO— ã≤^•úO`åÅ#∞ "å~°∞ ã‘fiHõiOK«_»O W`«~° ã¨=∂*ÏÅ#∞O_ô =~åæÅ #∞O_ô =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ PHõi¬OKÕ "åi ™ê=∞~å÷ºxfl Ѩiq∞`«O KÕã≤Ok, "åi ã¨=∂*Ïxfl QÆ∞iOz qѨ¡"å`«‡Hõ q=∞~°≈ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ ã¨OHÀKåxfl ˆ~ÔHuÎOKÕk (=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å ™ê÷~Ú Ñ¨_çáÈ=_®xH˜ =Úã≤¡OÖË HÍ~°}O Jx ã¨fi~°‚Ü«ÚQÆ ã≤^•úO`«O xOkã¨∞ÎOk). =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å UHÍO`«"å™êefl, Öˇ·OyHõ qÉèí[##∂ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ =Úã≤¡Oe^ŒÌ~°∂ áꘙêÎ~°∞. HÍh, ã¨fi~°‚Ü«ÚQÍxfl QÆ∞~°∞Î KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#flѨÙ_»∞ D Ô~O_»∞ ã¨=∂*ÏÅ∂ qÉËkè™êÎ~Ú. ã¨=∂[ rq`«OÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å K«∞~°∞ÔH·# ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∂ºxfl Hõey=Ù#fl HÍÅO QÆ∞iOz Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∂, „Ѩ=HõÎ ÉèÏ~°ºÅ‰õΩ "Õ∞e =Úã¨∞QÆ∞Å∞ "Õã≤# HÍÅO QÆ∞iOz =Úã≤¡OÅ∂ ÉÏHÍÅ∂^Œ∞`å~°∞. JdÅ ÉèÏ~°`« =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã¨OѶ¨∂Å∞ =Úã≤¡O =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ ã¨OѶ¨∞OÖ’ KÕ~°∞Û‰õΩx "åi „ѨÜ≥∂[<åʼnõΩ „áêux^茺O =Ç≤ÏOKÕ „Ѩܫ∞`åflÅ∞ KÕâß~°∞. Ѩ~åÌx YO_çOK«_®xfl ™êO㨯 $uHõ ™ê„=∂[º "å^ŒOQÍ K«∂™êÎ~°<Õ ÉèíÜ«∞O`À =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã¨OѶ¨∂Å∞ ^•<˘flHõ r=# ã¨`«ºOQÍ ã¨~°∞ÌÉÏ@∞ J~ÚáÈ~Ú, f~å‡<åÖ’¡ ^•xfl ˆH=ÅO Jã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ (vaguely) =∂„`«"Õ∞ YO_çOKÕ"å~°∞. ~å[H©Ü«∂Å (QÆ`« ã¨OzHõ `«~°∞"å~Ú) K«i`«„Ö’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊
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2008 "Õ∞HõÅ#∂, 120 |„Ô~Å#∂ Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩx áÈ`«∞#fl XHõ áÈbã¨∞ ^Œà◊OÃÑ· ^•_ç KÕã≤Ok. P`«~åfi`« [iy# HÍÅ∞ÊÖ’¡ ǨÏ#∞=∞O`«∞ =∞~°}˜OKå_»∞. JѨC_»∞ JÔ~ã¨ì~Ú#"åiÖ’ 29=∞Ok ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∞, 9=∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ L<åfl~°∞. "å`å=~°}O WÖÏ LO_»QÍ<Õ 1923Ö’ HÍH˜<å_» HÍO„ÔQãπ =∞Ǩã¨Éèí [iyOk. PO„^èŒ #Å∞=¸ÅÅ #∞O_ô =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ Ǩ[~° Ü«∂º~°∞. =O^ŒÖÏk=∞Ok "åÅO©~°∞¡QÍ Ñ¨xKÕâß~°∞. 15 ã¨OIIÅ ^Œ∞~åæÉÏ~Ú J<ÕHõ =∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ "åÅO©~°∞¡QÍ KÕ~°∞Û‰õΩOk HÍh, `å#∞ =∞s z#fl^≥·áÈ~Ú#O^Œ∞# ѨxKÕÜ«∞ÖËHõáÈ~ÚOk. `«=∞ Wà◊§#∂, „QÍ=∂Å#∂, ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏÅ#∂ =ke# J#∞Éèí=O =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ q=ÚH˜Î ^˘iH˜#@∞¡QÍ LOk. ^Œ∞=Ófii ã¨∞|ƒ=∞‡, á⁄}HÍ Hõ#Hõ=∞‡, L#fl= ÅH©∆ ‡ÉÏÜ«∞=∞‡Å∞ „Ѩ[Å#∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌ ã¨OYºÖ’ ã¨g∞HõiOK«_»OÖ’ ѨÙ~°∞+¨ „ѨKå~°Hõ~°ÎÅ ™ê=∞~å÷ºxfl JkèQÆq∞Oz# ã¨=∞Ü«∞q∞k. 1922, [#=iÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å HÍO„ÔQãπ Hõq∞© U~°Ê_ç, MÏnx LѨÜ≥∂yOK«_»OÖ’, L`«ÊuÎ KÕÜ«∞_»OÖ’ J™ê^è•~°}"≥∞ÿ# suÖ’ ѨxKÕã≤Ok. D Hõq∞© P~°æ<≥·[Ô~·# ã¨∞|ƒ=∞‡ '=∞Oz „Ѩ=~°Î# Hõey=ÙO_ÕÖÏ Ç¨g∞x W"åfiÅ—x „ѨÉèí∞`«fiO J_çy# `˘e ^Õâ◊Éèí‰õΩÎ~åÅ∞. P"≥∞‰õΩ XHõ ã¨O=`«û~°O áê@∞ Hõiî# *ˇ·Å∞ tHõ∆#∞ qkèOKå~°∞. 1925Ö’ #_çOѨe¡ ã¨∞O^Œ~°=∞‡, QÀ>˘ =∂}˜HͺO|, ˜. =~°ÅHõ∆ ‡=∞‡Å∞ PO„^èŒ ™ênèfi ã¨OѶ¨∂xfl U~åÊ@∞KÕâß~°∞. *ÏfÜ≥∂^Œº=∞OHÀã¨O =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ tHõ∆}x=fi_®xH˜ XHõ "ÕkHõ#∞ ™ê÷Ñ≤OKå~°∞. x^èŒ∞ÅHÀã¨O HÍO„ÔQãπ WzÛ# Ñ≤Å∞ѨىõΩ „Ѩuã¨ÊOkã¨∂Î J<ÕHõ =∞Ok PO„^èŒ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ `«=∞ #QÆÅ#∞ WKÕÛâß~°∞. <≥Å∂¡~°∞lÖÏ¡Ö’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ J<ÕHõ MÏn ˆHO„^•Å#∞ `≥iKå~°∞. QÍOnè JÔ~ã¨ì~Ú# ѨÙ_»∞ x~°ã¨#QÍ L#fl= ÅH©∆ ‡ÉÏÜ«∞=∞‡ QÆ∞O@∂~°∞ lÖÏ¡ É’~°∞¤ #∞Oz ~år<å=∂ KÕã≤Ok. 1921, U„Ñ≤Öò 6 #∞O_ç 13 =~°‰õÄ ã¨`庄QÆǨÏ"å~°OQÍ HÍO„ÔQãπ „ѨHõ˜OzOk. ~å[H©Ü«∂Ö’¡ Pã¨H˜Î Hõey# =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ `«=∞ ã¨OѶ‘∞ÉèÏ"åxfl K«∂Ѩ_»O HÀã¨O ã¨=∂"ÕâßÅ∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. `«=∞ ã¨fiO`« ã¨fi`«O„`« ~å[H©Ü«∞ ã¨Oã¨÷ – ~å„ã‘ìÜ«∞ „ã‘Î ã¨OѶ¨∞O#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ«∂Åx =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ x~°‚~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. lÖÏ¡ HÍO„ÔQãπ Hõq∞©Ö’ KÕ~°_®xH˜ nx ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ J=ã¨~°O =zÛOk. ^ÕâßxH˜ ¿ã=KÕÜ«∞_»O HÀã¨O `«=∞ Wà◊§#∞ q_çz~å"åeûOkQÍ ã≤.P~ü. ^•ãπ q`«O`«∞ ™È^ŒiÜ≥ÿ∞# Ti‡àÏ^Õq =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ JÉèíºi÷OzOk. #=O|~üHõÖÏ¡ "≥~Úº=∞Ok ÉÁOÉÏ~Ú =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ "ÕÖòû ~å‰õΩ=∂~°∞x ÉèÏ~°`« Ѩ~°º@#‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ „Ѩ^Œ~°≈#Å∞ KÕâß~°∞. ɡOQÍÖòÖ’ ã≤.P~ü.^•ãπ ‰õΩ=∂~°∞x`Àã¨Ç¨ "≥Ú^Œ˜ |$O^ŒO "åÅO©~°∞¡ g^èŒ∞Ö’¡ Y^ŒÌ~°∞#∞ q„Hõ~ÚOK«_®xH˜ „Ѩܫ∞uflã¨∂Î JÔ~ã¨ìÜ«∂º~°∞. JѨC_»`«x ÉèÏ~°º |ã¨Of^Õq, ™È^Œi Ti‡àÏ^Õq, "Õ∞#HÀ_»Å∞ ã¨∞hu^Õq (L^Àºy#∞ÅHÀã¨O <ås Hõ~°‡ =∞Ok~ü#∞ ™ê÷Ñ≤Oz#"å~°∞)Å∞ „Ѩã≤kú K≥Ok# =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ P~°æ<≥·[~°∞¡. "å~°∞ g^èŒ∞Ö’¡H˜ =zÛ JÔ~ã¨ìÜ«∂º~°∞. Jk XHõ P"Õâ◊ѨÓi`«"≥∞ÿ# „ѨÉèÏ"åxfl HõeyOzOk. "≥O@<Õ "≥~Úº=∞OkH˜ ÃÑ·QÍ Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨µÅ∞ ã¨fiK«ÛùO^ŒOQÍ JÔ~ã¨∞ì HÍ=_®xH˜ ã≤^Œú=∞Ü«∂º~°∞. "åi JÔ~ã¨∞ì "å~°Î "åºÑ≤OK«QÍ<Õ =∂~åfi_ôÅ∞, =Úã≤¡OÅ∞, Éèí˜ìÜ«∂Å∞, ã≤‰õΩ¯Å∞, ‰õÄbÅ∞, q∞Å∞¡ HÍi‡‰õΩÅ∞, ã¨∂¯Å∞ Ñ≤Å¡Å`À ‰õÄ_ç# ÃÑ^ŒÌ QÆ∞OѨ٠P =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕ¿ãO`«=~°‰õÄ áÈbã¨∞Å#∞ =Ú@ì _çOzOk. =∞~°∞㨘~À*ˇ·# 1921, _çÃãO|~ü 8# #QÆ~°=∞O`å JÅ[_çQÍ =ÙOk. ^•ãπ ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏxH˜ K≥Ok# =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ |@ìÅ ëêѨÙÅ#∞ Ñ≤ÔH˜OQ∑ KÕÜ«∞_®hfl, MÏn J=∞‡_®hfl uiy „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. Jã¨OMϺHõOQÍ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ "åÅO©~°∞¡, „Ѩ`ÕºH˜Oz ã≤‰õΩ¯ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ gi`À [`«Hõeâß~°∞. =O^ŒÖÏk=∞Ok HõÅHõ`åÎ q^•º~°∞÷Å∞ Y^ŒÌ~°∞ ^èŒiOz, *ˇ·Å∞ tHõ∆#∞ HÀ~°∞`«∂ x¿+kèOz# "åÅO©~°¡ ѨÏÅO`À Hõeã≤ Hõ"å`«∞KÕâß~°∞. P XHõ¯~À*Ë 170 =∞Ok x~°ã¨#HÍ~°∞Å∞ JÔ~ã¨ìÜ«∂º~°∞. 'Ü«∞OQ∑ WO_çÜ«∂—Ö’ ~åã¨∂Î QÍOnè, ɡOQÍb =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å ™êǨϙȿÑ`«"≥∞ÿ# L^•Ç¨Ï~°}#∞ J#∞ã¨iOKåeûOkQÍ ^Õâ◊OÖ’x W`«~° „áêO`åÅ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ HÀ~å_»∞. ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∞ ã≤QÆ∞æK≥Ok `≥K«∞Û‰õΩx x~°ã¨#Ö’ KÕˆ~ÖÏ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ Q“~°=hÜ«ÚÖˇ·# =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å JÔ~ã¨∞ì#∞ `«y# Z`«∞ÎQÆ_»QÍ ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. JǨχ^•ÉÏ^£Ö’ [iy# JdÅ ÉèÏ~°`« =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ =∞Ǩã¨ÉèíÖ’ 6,000 =∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ JdÅ ÉèÏ~°`« dÖÏѶ¨`ü Hõq∞© <åÜ«∞‰õΩÖˇ·# ëœHõ`ü Jb, =∞ǨÏ=∞‡^£ JbÅ `«e¡QÍÔ~·# c J=∞‡ „Ѩã¨OQÍxfl q<åfl~°∞. HÍO„ÔQãπ "åÅO©~°∞¡QÍ KÕi, `«=∞ ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∞ JÔ~ã¨ì~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞ Ñ≤ÔHò „âı}∞Ö’¡ KÕi '*ˇO_®#∞ Ô~ѨÔ~ѨÖÏ_çã¨∂Î<Õ LO_®Åx— P"≥∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ HÀiOk. „a˜+π WO_çÜ«∂Ö’x Jxfl „áêq#∞ûÅ#∞O_ô =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ QÍOnè Ñ≤Å∞ѨىõΩ ã¨ÊO^Œ#QÍ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ J_»∞QÆ∞"Õâß~°∞. q^Õj =„™êÎÅ#∞ |Ç≤Ï+¨¯iOKåÅh, #∂Å∞ =_»HÍeûOk. „a˜+π K«ÏìÅ#∞ ÉÏǨ@OQÍ kèHõ¯iOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ `«=∞`À KÕ~åeûO^Œh =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ QÍOnè HÀ~å_»∞. 1922Ö’ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞ x~åHõ~°}#∞ `å`å¯eHõOQÍ xeÑ≤"ÕÜ«∞_®xH©, 1928Ö’ uiy <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fi áê„`«#∞ fã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ =∞^茺HÍÅ=∞O`å QÍOnè ѨÙ#ifl~å‡}ÏxH˜ `«##∞ `å#∞ JOH˜`«O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. D Pˆ~à◊§HÍÅ=∞O`å x~å‡}Ï`«‡Hõ Ѩxx QÆ∞iOp, ã‘`« XHõ P^Œ~°≈=O`«"≥∞ÿ# #=¸<å Jx x~°O`«~°O <˘H˜¯K≥|∞`«∂, #∂Å∞ =_»Hõ_»O ^Õâ◊ ã¨=∞㨺Å#∂, =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã¨=∞㨺Å#∂ Ѩi+¨¯iOK«QÆÅ^Œh =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ |$O^•Å`À =∂Ï¡_Õ"å_»∞. „QÍg∞}, ¿Ñ^Œ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ŠѨiã≤÷`«∞Å#∞ QÆ∞iOz <Õ~°∞ÛHÀ=Åã≤OkQÍ PÜ«∞# ã¨OѨ#fl =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ #K«ÛK≥¿ÑÊ"å_»∞. J~Ú`Õ D „Hõ=∞OÖ’ `«=∞ ã¨fiO`« ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏÅ#∞ x~°¡Hõ∆ ºO KÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œx "åix ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKÕ"å_»∞.
16.
16 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO v
[#=i–Ѷ≤„|=i 2008 L`«Î~° ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O : JÅǨÉÏ^£, ÅHÀfl, _èçb¡, ÖÏǨϟ~°∞ʼnõΩ K≥Ok# =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ „Ѩ*Ï „Ѩ^Œ~°≈#ÅÖ’ KÕi Q“~°=hÜ«∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ =Úã¨∞QÆ∞ ÖˉõΩO_® g^èŒ∞Ö’¡H˜ ~å=_»O K«∂_»@O JÅ"å@∞ÖËx „Ѩ[Å#∞ k„Q̓ùO`«∞efl KÕâß~°∞. JuH˘kÌ ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏÅ#∞O_ç =∂„`«"Õ∞ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO =zÛOk. L^•Ç¨Ï~°}‰õΩ <≥„Ǩ˙Å∞, A©¬Å∞. Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok „Ѩ^Œ~°≈#HÍ~°∞Å∞ ã¨∂¯à◊§#∞O_ô, HõàÏâßÅÅ#∞O_ô =KåÛ~°∞. ÖÏǨϟ~üÖ’ Ãã·=∞<£ Hõq∞+¨<£‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ [iy# „Ѩ^Œ~°≈#ÅÖ’ Ç≤ÏO㨠KÀ@∞KÕã¨∞‰õΩOk. J@∞=O˜ XHõ „Ѩ^Œ~°≈#Ö’<Õ áÈbã¨∞Å∞ H˘˜ì# ^≥|ƒÅ‰õΩ ÖÏÖÏÅ[Ѩu~åÜü∞ =∞~°}˜OKå_»∞. "≥∂fÖÏÖò <≥„Ǩ˙ "Õ∞#Å∞¡_ç ÉèÏ~°º J~Ú# ÖÏ_À~å}˜ A©¬, P"≥∞ =ÚQÆ∞æ~°∞ ‰õÄ`«∞à◊§~Ú# =∞<À‡Ç≤Ïx, âߺ=∞, [#H±Å∞ ÖÏǨϟ~üÖ’ L^Œº=∂xfl #_çÑ≤OKå~°∞. 1929Ö’ Ô~O_»= JdŠѨO*ÏÉò q^•ºi÷ =∞Ǩ ã¨Éèí‰õΩ J^茺Hõ∆`« =Ç≤ÏOz# ã¨∞ÉèÏ+π É’ãπ‰õΩ „ѨÉèí∞`«fi HõàÏâßÅ q^•ºi÷xQÍ, q^•ºi÷ iÃãѨ¬<£ Hõq∞©H˜ J^茺‰õ∆Ω ~åeQÍ =∞<À‡Ç≤Ïx ™êfiQÆ`«O ѨeH˜Ok. J^Õ ã¨O=`«û~°OÖ’ P"≥∞ ÖÏǨϟ~ü q^•ºi÷ ã¨OѶ¨∂xH˜ "≥Ú@ì"≥Ú^Œ˜ J^茺‰õ∆Ω~åÖˇ· ÖÏǨϟ~ü HÍO„ÔQãπÖ’ "åÅO©~°∞QÍ ¿ã=ÅOkOzOk. ÉèíQÆ`üã≤OQ∑‰õÄ, J`«x ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞ʼnõÄ =∞~°}tHõ∆ Ѩ_ç#ѨÙ_»∞ ÖÏǨϟ~üÖ’x =¸_»∞ „ѨÉèí∞`«fi HõàÏâßÅ, ÖÏ HõàÏâßÅ, á¶È~°‡<£ „H˜ã≤ìÜ«∞<£ HõàÏâßÅ =^ŒÌ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ Ñ≤ÔH@¡#∞ xÜ«∞q∞OKåÅx =∞<À‡Ç≤Ïx x~°‚~ÚOzOk. Ü«Ú=`«∞Å#∞ L`åûǨÏѨ~°K«_®xH˜ q^•º~°∞÷Å∞ HÍ¡ã¨∞ʼnõΩ ÔQ·~°∞Ǩ[Ô~·# J`«ºO`« q[Ü«∞=O`«"≥∞ÿ# „Ѩ^Œ~°≈# Jk. 16 =∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∂, 35 =∞Ok ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∂ JÔ~ã¨ìÜ«∂º~°∞. =∞<À‡Ç≤ÏxH˜ P~°∞<≥ÅÅ *ˇ·Å∞tHõ∆ Ѩ_çOk. <åÜ«∞‰õΩ~åà◊§Ö’ XHõÔ~·# ã¨`«º=f^Õq J<ÕHõ ™ê~°∞¡ JÔ~ã¨ì~ÚOk. z=~°‰õΩ P"≥∞‰õΩ 1932Ö’ Ô~O_Õà◊§ *ˇ·Å∞tHõ∆ Ѩ_çOk. '*ˇ·Å∞#∞Oz ã¨`«º=u ã¨O^Õâ◊O— =O˜ áê@Å∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊efl =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êQÍÅx HÀ~°∞`«∂ =KåÛ~Ú. ÉÏ~À¤e ã¨`庄QÆǨÏO – 1928: ã¨~åÌ~ü Ѩ>ËÖò <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO H˜O^Œ <À–ÏH±û „ѨKå~°O ÉÏ~À¤eÖ’ „áê~°OÉèí=∞~ÚOk. „Ѩ[Å∞ Ѩ#∞flHõ>ËìO^Œ∞‰õΩ x~åHõiOKå~°∞. L^Œº=∞ „áê~°OÉèíOÖ’<Õ ÉÏ~À¤e =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ WO^Œ∞Ö’ ÉèÏQÆ"≥∞ÿ<å~°∞. ÉÁOÉÏ~ÚH˜ K≥Ok# g∞~î°∂ɡ<£ Ãјò ÉèíH˜Îɡ<£ ^ÕâßÜü∞Å∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Ö’¡ D L^Œº=∂xfl Q˘Ñ¨ÊQÍ |Ö’¿Ñ`«O KÕâß~°∞. ã¨∞^Œ∂~° „áêO`åʼnõΩ HÍe#_»Hõ# "≥à◊§=Åã≤ =zÛ#ѨʘH© =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ã¨ÉèíʼnõΩ Ç¨[~°ÜÕ∞º"å~°∞. áÈ~åÏxH˜ `«y# ã¨∂ÊùiÎxKÕÛ áê@ʼnõΩ "åà◊√§ ÉÏ}©Å∞ Hõ>Ëì"å~°∞. g∞~î°∂ɡ<£, ÉèíH˜Îɡ<£, =∞}˜Éˇ<£ Ѩ>ËÖò `«k`«~° =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ ã¨~åÌ~ü Ѩ>ËÖò J=∞‡HÍxH˜ Ãјì# P Éèí∂=ÚÅÖ’<Õ >ˇO@∂¡, QÆ∞_çÃãÅ∂ "Õã≤ HÍOÑπ KÕ¿ãÖÏ U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß_»∞. x^èŒ∞Å∞ ¿ãHõiOK«_»OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞Ѩ_®¤~°∞. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å |ÖÏxfl D ã¨`庄QÆǨÏO ÃÑ^ŒÌZ`«∞Î# „Ѩ^Œi≈OzOk. ÉÏ~À¤e |Ü«∞˜ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ ÅO^ŒiH© Wk XHõ ã¨∂ÊùiÎxzÛOk. S^Œ∞#fl~° <≥ÅÅ áÈ~å@O `«~åfi`« 1928, ÃãÃÑìO|~üÖ’ ÉÏ~À¤e ã¨`庄QÆǨÏO q[Ü«∞ =O`«OQÍ =Úyã≤Ok. D ÉÏ~À¤b ã¨`庄QÆǨÏOÖ’ Pk"åã‘ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ áê@Å∞ HõÏì~°∞. "åi Éèí~°ÎÅ∞ JÔ~ã¨ì~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞ á⁄ÖÏÅ#∞ "åˆ~ ã¨O~°H˜∆O Kå~°∞. HÀ~°∞ìʼnõÄ, Ô~·ÖËfi ¿ãì+¨#¡‰õÄ "å~°∞ `«~°K«∞QÍ `«=∞ Éèí~°ÎÅ##∞ ã¨iOz "≥àı§"å~°∞. (âßã¨<ÀÅ¡OѶ¨∞# L^Œº=∞O : 1930–35 =KÕÛ ã¨OzHõÖ’) J#∞"å^ŒO : =∂Åu ^Œo`« =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ ^Œo`«∞Å#∞ D ã¨=∂[O 'JO@~åx"åà◊√§—QÍ Dã¨_çã¨∞ÎOk. J==∂xã¨∞ÎOk. z#flK«∂Ѩ٠K«∂ã¨∞ÎOk. JÉèí„^Œ`«‰õΩ Ö’#∞KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Ç≤ÏOã≤ã¨∞ÎOk. z=iH˜ „áê}ÏÅ∂ fã¨∞ÎOk. ^Œo`«∞Å∞QÍ Ñ¨Ù˜ì#O^Œ∞‰õΩ ^Œo`«∞Öˇ·# „Ѩu XHõ¯i rq`«OÖ’#∂ Z<Àfl~°HÍÖˇ·# J==∂<åÅ∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl ã¨OѶ¨∞@#Å∞ LO_Õ=ÙOÏ~Ú. "åi "åi =~åæxfl |˜ì "å~°∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl J==∂<åÅ ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ H˘xfl ÉèË^•Å∞O_»=K«∞Û. HÍh J==∂#O á⁄O^Œx ^Œo`«∞Å∞ LO_»~°O>Ë Juâ◊Ü≥∂H˜Î HÍ^Œ∞. ã¨=∂[OÖ’ D<å˜H© =~°æ J}z"Õ`«`À áê@∞ ‰õΩÅ J}z"Õ`« ‰õÄ_® LOk. J}z"Õ`«‰õΩ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞#fl ^Œo`«∞ÅÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ J^Œ#OQÍ Ñ≤`«$™êfi=∞ºO =Å¡ ‰õÄ_® J}z"Õ`«‰õΩ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. ^Œo`«∞Å∞QÍ QÍx, ^Œo`« =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞QÍ QÍx Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl q=Hõ∆#∂ J}z"Õ`«#∂ "å˜x „ѨuѶ¨∞˜Oz# ã¨OѶ¨∞@#Å#∂ '=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO—`À ѨOK«∞‰õΩO^•O! =∞# ÉÏ^èŒÅ#∞ ѨOK«∞HÀ=_»O =Å¡ =∞#ÖψQ ÉÏ^èŒÅ#∞ J#∞ÉèíqOz# =∞Ô~O^Œi<À D ji¬Hõ ^ŒQÆæ~°KÕã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O XO@i"åà◊¡O HÍ^Œ#fl |ÖÏxflã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O ã¨OѶ¨∞˜`«Ñ¨_»_®xH˜ ^ÀǨÏ^ŒO KÕã¨∞ÎOk. =∞# P"Õ^Œ#H© „ѨuѶ¨∞@#H© '=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO— "ÕkHõ HõeÊã¨∞ÎOk. "≥O@<Õ g∞ J#∞Éèí"åxfl ~åã≤ѨOѨO_ç.
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17=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO v [#=i–Ѷ≤„|=i
2008 JHõ¯ ‰õÄ`«∞~°∞H˜, `«=Ú‡_ç ‰õÄ`«∞iH˜ ÉÁ@∞ìaà◊§Å∞, [_»Å‰õΩ ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩ<Õ ÉϺO_£û, H˜¡Ñπû ÖÏO˜ z#fl z#fl =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ H˘O^•=∞x XHõ~ÀA HÀsîH˜ |Ü«∞Å∞^Õ~å#∞. HÀsîÖ’x ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ |*Ï~ü#∞ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ<Õ@ѨʘˆH ™êÜ«∞O„`«O P~°∞QÆO@Å~ÚOk. JѨʘˆH ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ |*Ï~ü =pÛáÈÜÕ∞ [#O`À KåÖÏ ~°nÌQÍ LOk. JÖψQ =∞#∞+¨µÅ#∞ `Àã¨∞‰õΩO@∂, P’Å#∞ ^•@∞‰õΩO@∂ <å‰õΩ HÍ=eû# H˘xfl =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ#∞ XHõ^ŒQÆæ~° H˘<åfl#∞. WOHÍ H˘#=eû# =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ HÀã¨O H˘OK≥O =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ "≥o§`Õ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ ÉÁ@∞ìaà◊§Å∞ L#fl `ÀѨÙ_»∞|O_ç HõxÊOzOk. P `ÀѨÙ_»∞|O_ç ^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ "≥àϧ#∞. JHõ¯_» xÖ’Û=_®xH˜ ‰õÄ_® ã¨÷ÅO ÖË^Œ∞. H˘OK≥O ã¨÷ÅO ^˘iH˜`Õ "≥O@<Õ JHõ¯_» ^Œ∂iáÈ~Ú <å‰õΩ #zÛ# "å˜x ѨHõ¯‰õΩ ÃÑ_»∂Î, WOHÍ "≥`«∞‰õΩ`«∂ L<åfl#∞. JѨʘˆH J~°∞ѨÙÅ∞, ˆHHõÅ`À, P’Å â◊|ÌO`À P „áêO`«O JO`å =∂~°∞"≥∂QÆ∞`ÀOk. Jk =∂=¸Å∞ q+¨Ü«∞"Õ∞ HÍ|˜ì JHõ¯_»‰õΩ =zÛ# "åà◊§O^Œ~°∂ Z=fii Ѩ#∞ÅÖ’ "åà◊√§<åfl~°∞. <å‰õΩ H˘O`«^Œ∂~°OÖ’ XHõ |O_ç ^ŒQÆæ~° KåÖÏ=∞Ok [#O QÆ∞q∞‰õÄ_ç L<åfl~°∞. Hõhã¨O JHõ¯_» U =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ J=Ú‡`«∞<åfl~À HõxÊOK«_»O ÖË^Œ∞. HÍx Z=fii<À XHõ =∞QÆ=∞x+≤ J~°∞ã¨∞Î#fl@∞ì =∂„`«O Jã¨Êã¨ìOQÍ qxÑ≤™ÈÎOk. <Õ#∞ ÉÁ@∞ì aà◊§Å∞ fã¨∞HÀ=_»O J~Ú# `«~åfi`« P |O_ç^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ "≥àϧ#∞. JHõ¯_»‰õΩ "≥o§# `«~åfi`« P =ºH˜Î ˆHHõÅ∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌQÍ Z=i<À u_»∞Î#fl@∞ì L<åfl~Ú. HÍx <å‰õΩ P J~°∞ѨÙÅ∞ qxÑ≤OK«_»O `«Ñ¨Ê JHõ¯_» UO J=Ú‡`«∞<åfl~À HõxÊOK«ÖË^Œ∞. JHõ¯_» UO [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O^À ‰õÄ_® J~°÷OHÍÖË^Œ∞. JHõ¯_» UO L<åflÜ≥∂ K«∂_®Åx, ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ Q˘_»= [~°∞QÆ∞ `«∞O^À `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ"åÅx JxÑ≤OzOk <å‰õΩ. 'H˘OK≥O [~°QÆO_ç— Jx `Àã¨∞‰õΩO@∂ |O_ç^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ "≥àϧ#∞. P |O_ç g∞^Œ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ "≥∞@Öò, |OQÍ~°∞ ~°OQÆ∞Ö’ L#fl #QÆÅ∞, QÍAÅ∞, K≥=ÙʼnõΩ ÃÑ@∞ì ‰õΩ<Õq L<åfl~Ú. P |O_ç K«∞@∂ì KåÖÏ=∞Ok =∞QÆ"åà◊√§, #Å∞æ~°∞ P_»"åà◊√§ H˘O`«=∞Ok z#fl Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ L<åfl~°∞. "åà◊§O`å JHõ¯_» L#fl XHÍ"≥∞#∞, P"≥∞ KÕ~Ú Ñ¨@∞ìH˘x xÅ|_ç# F 8 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ J=∂‡~Úx qO`«QÍ K«∂ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. P"≥∞ =∞~À KÕuÖ’ Hõ>ˇìÅÉϺQ∑ LOk. P ÉϺQ∑#∞ XHõ z=~° XHõ =ºH˜Î Ѩ@∞ì H˘x z#fl z#flQÍ P"≥∞ÃÑ· J~°∞ã¨∂Î ÉϺQÆ∞#∞ ÖÏQÆ∞`«∞<åfl_»∞. P =ºH˜Î |O_ç Ü«∞[=∂x Jx J~°÷=∞~ÚOk. P |O_ç Ü«∞[=∂x JHõ¯_Õ L#fl "åà◊§ =∞x+≤`À 'gà◊§#∞ (P"≥∞#∞, P"≥∞ ‰õÄ`«∞~°∞#∞) K«∂ã¨∞ÎO_»∞. <Õ#∞ áÈbã¨∞Å#∞ Ñ≤Å∞K«∞H˘™êÎ#∞— JO@∞<åfl_»∞. <å‰õΩ q+¨Ü«∞O J~°÷OHÍHõ P"≥∞"≥·Ñ¨Ù K«∂âß#∞. P"≥∞ a`«Î~° áÈ~Ú Z=~°<åfl ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O KÕÜ«∞HõáÈ`å~å Jx n#OQÍ JHõ¯_»∞#fl "åà◊§"≥·Ñ¨Ù K«∂™ÈÎOk. P J=∂‡Ü≥ÿ∞`Õ "åà◊§=∞‡ KÕ~Ú QƘìQÍ Ñ¨@∞ì H˘x "≥#Hõ ^•H˘¯x LOk. P"≥∞#∞ K«∂¿ãÎ =∞^茺`«~°QÆuH˜ K≥Ok# "åà◊§ÖÏQÍ JxÑ≤OKå~°∞. <å‰õΩ "åà◊§#∞ P Ѩiã≤÷uÖ’ K«∂ã¨∞ÎO>Ë KåÖÏ ÉÏ^èŒ JxÊOzOk. ''U"≥∞ÿO^ŒO_ô? "åà◊§g∞^Œ JÖÏ J~°∞ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞!—— J<åfl#∞ |O_ç Ü«∞[=∂x`À. J`«#∞ ''K«∂_»O_ç "Õ∞_»"£∞! gà◊√§ ZO`«Ñ¨x KÕâß~À! "Õ∞O |`«Hõ_®xH˜ WHõ¯_» D =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ J=Ú‡‰õΩO@∞O>Ë gàı§"≥∂ #QÆÅ∞ K«∂ã¨∞Î#fl"åà◊§ÖÏQÍ #˜ã¨∂Î, =∂‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞‰õΩO_® 3 #QÆÅ ÃãòÅ∞ ÉϺQÆ∞Ö’ "Õã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞—— Jx <å‰õΩ K≥ѨÓÎ<Õ, P"≥∞ KÕuÖ’ L#fl ÉϺQÆ∞#∞ XHõ"≥·Ñ¨Ù #∞O_ç ÖÏQÆ∞`«∂ ''áÈbãπ¿ãì+¨<£‰õΩ Ñ¨^ŒO_ç, g∞‰õΩ JѨC_»∞HÍx |∞kú~å^Œ∞—— JO@∞<åfl_»∞. <Õ#∞ JHõ¯_»‰õΩ ~åHõ=ÚO^Œ∞ #∞O_ç Q˘_»= [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl, P Q˘_»=#∞ P |O_ç K«∞@∂ì L#fl"åà◊§O`å XHõ ã≤x=∂ K«∂ã≤#@∞ì K«∂ã¨∞Î<åflˆ~ HÍx, "åà◊§‰õΩ ã¨iÌK≥áêÊÅ<Õ „Ѩܫ∞`«fl"Õ∞ KÕÜ«∞_»OÖË^Œ∞. ^•xH˜`À_»∞ P"≥∞#∞, P z#fl J=∂‡~Úx "åà◊√§ ‰õÄ_® u_»∂Î |O_ç"å_çH˜ =O`«QÍ =∂Ï¡_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. "åà◊√§ `≥e™È, `≥eÜ«∞HÀ KÕã≤# z#fl `«Ñ¨C‰õΩ áÈbãπ¿ãì+¨<£‰õΩ Ñ¨OѨ_»O J<Õk XHõ ™ê˜ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊QÍ <Õ#∞ ri˚OK«∞HÀÖËHõáÈÜ«∂#∞. JHõ¯_Õ P Q˘_»=#∞ ã¨^Œ∞Ì=∞}˜yOK«_®xH˜ <å „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO KÕ^•Ì=∞x JxÑ≤OzOk. <å PÖ’K«#Ö’ <Õ#∞O_»QÍ P |O_ç"å_çH˜ `À_»∞QÍ Ñ¨Hõ¯ #∞O_Õ "åà◊√§ ‰õÄ_® =zÛ P"≥∞#∞, P"≥∞ ‰õÄ`«∞~°∞x ''K«∂_»ÏxH˜ ÉÏQÍ<Õ L<åfl~°∞, WÖÏO˜ áê_»∞|∞kú ZÖÏ Ñ¨Ù˜ìOk—— JO@∂<Õ XHõ =ºH˜Î P"≥∞ KÕ~Ú Ñ¨@∞ìHÀ=_®xH˜ "≥àϧ_»∞. WHõ JHõ¯_» L#fl"åà◊§O`å ''g∞Ô~O^Œ∞‰õΩ u@ì_»O, H˘@ì_»O, áÈbãπ "åà◊§‰õΩ JѨÊyOK«O_ç. "åàı§ K«∂ã¨∞‰õΩOÏ~°∞—— Jx J<åfl~°∞. K˘~°= âߺ=∞Å ã¨ÊO^Œ#
18.
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