1. P
L
C

2. AUTOMATION
Automation is a Automation is the use
of control systems &
step beyond information
mechanization. technologies to reduce
the need for human
work in the production
of goods & services.

3. Automation Components
Sensor for
Output sensing
Devices physical
conditions
Control
Transmitters
Systems

4. AUTOMATION: TYPICAL
SCADA Software
INSTALLATION COMMUNICATION
CABLE
Control
Hardware
Junction Box
Field Cabling
Sensors placed in
the field
Automation :
Typical installation .

5. PLC’s History:
•Developed to replace relays in the late 1960s.
•PLC began in the 1970s, and has become the
most common choice for manufacturing controls.
•The PLC was invented in response to the needs
of the American automotive manufacturing
industry (primarily General motors).
•Costs dropped and became popular by 1980s.
• Now used in many industrial designs.

6. Programmable Logic
Controllers
A sequence of
instructions is
A PLC is a solid state programmed by the
It was originally
/ industrial computer user to the PLC
developed to
that performs discrete memory. Its purpose is
replace mechanical
or sequential logic in a to monitor crucial
relays, timers, counters.
factory environment. process parameters
and adjust process
operations accordingly.

7. On/Off
Control
It Timing
performs
functions
as: Counting
Arithmetic

8. PLC Saves
Labor cost
Troubleshooting Material cost
Reduced
Installation cost wiring &
By
associated
errors
Value added
benefits
No moving
Diagnostics Reliability Less
parts –
space
rugged
Speed Flexibility
Advanced
Communication
Function

9. Advantages of PLC’s:
-Reliable in operation.
-Flexibility in programming and
reprogramming in the plant.
-Online/offline modifications.
-Cost effective for controlling complex
systems.
-Small physical size, shorter project time.
-Speed of operation.
-Ability to communicate with computer
systems in the plant.
-Ease of maintenance /troubleshooting.

10. Disadvantages
of PLC’s:
Most PLCs
design and
manufacturers
cost options.
offer on closed
PLC devices architectures
are proprietary for their
which limit the products .

11. Packaging Bottling & Canning
APLLICATIONS
Material Handling Machining
Power Generation Automated assembly
Security Systems Water treatments
HVAC/Building
Paint Lines Automation
Industry
Cement
Automobile
Any application in any industry that
Chemicals
requires electrical control.
Plastics

12. Various Brands of PLCs
Allen Bradley( USA)
Siemens (Germany)
Modicon (France)
Mitshubishi (Japan)
GE Fanuc (USA)

13. Programming
Languages
Sequential
Ladder Diagram
Functional
(LD)
Chart (SFC)
Instruction List Functional block
(IL) Diagram (FBD)
Structured Text
(ST)

14. LADDER DIAGRAM:
Programming languages used to
program a PLC.
• Ladder logic is the most commonly
used PLC programming language.
• Ladder logic programming has
been expanded to include such
functions as counters, timers ,shift
registers and math operations.

15. Symbols for PLC programming:
.
Normally Open Pushbutton
Normally Closed Pushbutton
Normally Open switch
Normally Closed switch
Normally Open contact
Normally closed contact

16. OPERATIONS
A B C
Each rung or network on a ladder program
represents a logic operation. In the rung
above, both inputs A and B must be true (1)
in order for the output C to be true (1).

17. PLC PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

18. COMPONENTS OF PLC
A. Processor.
B. Memory unit.
C. Power supply.
D. Input/Output Modules.
E. Programming device.

19. Major Components of a Common PLC
POWER
SUPPLY
I M O M
N O U O
P D T D
U U PROCESSOR P U
T L U L
From E T E To
SENSORS OUTPUT
Pushbuttons,
Solenoids,
contacts,
limit switches, contactors,
etc. alarms
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE etc.

20. A. Processor:
Processor is the central processing units (CPU) of the
programmable controller, it executes the various logic and
sequencing functions by operating on the PLC inputs to
determine the appropriate output signals.
. Field sensors: switches, flow, level, pressure, temp. transmitters, etc.
Field output devices: motors, valves, solenoids, lamps, etc.

21. B. Memory unit:
Memory unit is connected to the
CPU, which contains the
programs of logic, sequencing
and I/O operation.
This memory unit is referred to as
the user or application memory
because its contains are entered
by the user and also direct the
execution of control program and

22. C. Power supply:
A power supply of 120v alternating current (ac)
used to drive the PLC (some units operate on
240v ac)
These low voltages are used to operate
equipment that many have much higher
voltage and power ratings than the PLC itself.

23. D. Input/Output Modules:
1) Input Module:
Input to the PLC are signals come from:
Limit-switchs, Pushbutton, Sensors
and other on/off devices.
2) Output Module:
• Outputs from the controller
are on/off signals to
operate:
Motors, Valves, and
other devices required
to actuate the process

24. E. Programming device:
Programming device is used to entered
the required program into the memory of
the processor.

25. THANK YOU…!!!