1. െᛱՀᱹ঵ᑨ‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘʠՒ๗ᑁბ
ࣥᆁડ
೏૒ઝ‫ݾ‬Օᖂሽᖲߓ
ၪ ǜ
პྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิࠠ‫ڶ‬ৰ‫ڍ‬ରᕏႚอ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲิհᚌរΔࠏ‫ڤٺشࠌױڕ‬
‫ٺ‬ᑌऱᗏறΰ‫ڕ‬ቧ௜ँ௛αΔ‫ڼڂ‬๯ᎁ੡ਢ່‫ױ‬౨‫פګ‬ऱጸ‫ۥ‬౨ᄭհԫΖ،‫ڶ‬
Կጟሎ᠏ᑓ‫ڤ‬Κࡰ୾Εሽጻࠀᜤ֗‫ڍ‬ᖲᑓ‫ڤ‬Δ੡Ա౨ଫࠠ‫ڼ‬Կጟᑓ‫ڤ‬հሎ᠏౨
ԺΔᖲิ‫א‬ P-f Հিᑓ‫ڤ‬൳ࠫਢለࠋऱᙇᖗΔ‫ܛ֮ء‬ኙຍጟᣊীऱᖲิ‫܂‬ሎ᠏
ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ངհ೯ኪᑓᚵ։࣫Δ࿨࣠᧩‫ق‬Δ໢ԫᖲิ‫୾ࡰط‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང੡ሽጻࠀᜤᑓ
‫ڤ‬ழΔᄎኙᖲิข‫ॺس‬ൄՕऱᑉኪ‫פ‬෷ឫ೯Δۖࠟຝᖲิ‫ٵ‬ழࠓᜤሽጻழΔኙ
ᖲิທ‫ګ‬հᓢᚰ‫ޓ‬ՕΔᓢᚰ࿓৫լ᎝࣍ႚอ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲิᔡ࠹Կઌ൷‫چ‬ਚᎽհ
णउΖ
खࠛɡŘპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲΕ೯ኪᑓᚵΕሎ᠏ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ངΖ
DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS FOR OPERATION MODE TRANSFER OF A
MICRO-TURBINE GENERATOR
Chi-Hshiung Lin
Department of Electrical Engineering
Kao Yuan University
Kaohsiung County, Taiwan 82151,R.O.C.
Key Words: micro-turbine generator; dynamics simulation, operation
mode transfer.
ABSTRACT
The micro-turbine generator unit is superior to the traditional
synchronous generator unit in many aspects; for example, a variety of fuels
(e.g. anaerobic methane) may be used. So it is deemed one of the most
promising green power sources. Three modes of operation are available for
the unit: island, grid-connected and multi-machine modes. To be able to
operate in all three modes, it’s a better choice for the unit to adopt the P-f
droop mode of control. For a unit with such a control mode, dynamic
simulation analyses for operation mode transfer are made in this paper. It is
shown that significant transient power disturbance will be induced when
the unit is transferred from the island mode to the grid-connected mode.
When two units simultaneously connect to a grid, the impact on both units
will be even more serious. The degree of impact is not less than the impact
on a traditional synchronous generator unit that is subjected to a
three-phase-to-ground fault.
༬ċણӤ Ὦʷ֓ɿֱ Ὦɺቅ ᖁߡʪ֓ɼ౺ 11
Journal of Technology, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 11-20 (2008)

2. 12 ༬ċણӤ Ὦʷ֓ɿֱ Ὦɺቅ ᖁߡʪ֓ɼ౺
ɺȮ ˛
ᙟထᛩঅრᢝऱ೏ይΔઝ‫٣ݾ‬ၞഏ୮݁‫ڶ‬࿇ሽཙ‫ֱז‬
ூऱઔߒΔࠏ‫֜ڕ‬ၺ౨࿇ሽΕଅԺ࿇ሽΕᗏறሽ‫ࢨۃ‬ਢპ
ྎᔚ࿇ሽ࿛Ζ‫ڇ‬ฒ‫ڍ‬հ࿇ሽཙ‫ֱז‬ூխΔპྎᔚ࿇ሽ๯ᎁ
੡ਢ່‫ױ‬౨‫פګ‬հጸ‫ۥ‬ሽᄭհԫΔኙ࣍๺‫ྤڍ‬ऄᄷᒔቃ۷
່೏‫ش‬ሽၦΔԾፋᆵ։ཋऱ࿇୶խഏ୮Δᇘ๻യႃ‫ڤ‬࿇ሽ
ᖲ‫ڶ‬ԫࡳऱܺᣄΔპྎᔚ࿇ሽਢ່‫ړ‬ऱᇞެᙄऄΔۖ‫׊‬პ
ྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิ‫ٵױ‬ழࠎᚨᑷΕሽࠟጟ౨ᄭΔኙ೏৫೸ᄐ֏
ഏ୮ۖߢΔ‫ޓ‬ਢॺൄᔞ‫࣍ٽ‬᠔ೃΕளੂΕਪᨚΕᄵ৛࿛໱
ࢬΖ‫ڼڂ‬Δპྎᔚ࿇ሽ‫ࠐآ‬Ⴈ‫ؘ‬ᓒড࿇୶Δ‫ګ‬੡։ཋ‫ڤ‬ሽ
ᄭ‫ੌ׌‬հԫΖ
ഏփ‫ؾ‬ছՈ‫ڶ‬ዧ࿴౰़ՠᄐֆ‫ދ׹‬Եპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲ
ิհၲ࿇Δ‫شܓ‬౰़‫ش‬௛ྎᔚᖲ‫ݾ‬๬Δ‫ؾ‬ছբ‫ګݙ‬ 30 kW
֗ 60 kW ࠟጟᖲীΔࠡᗏற‫شࠌױ‬೏ሒ 7 % H 2 S ऱᎨࢤᗏ
௛ࢨ‫܅‬ᑷଖΰ‫܅ױ‬ሒ 350 btu/scfαࡑ݃ൽୖ໱ँ௛/ቧ௜ँ
௛ΖᙟထईᏝՂཆ֗٤෺ᄊ֏հყ᝟ᣤૹΔპྎᔚ࿇ሽ‫ڇ‬
‫؀‬᨜‫چ‬೴ቃ۷ՈᄎດዬഹದΖ
1. െᛱՀᱹ঵₇⃥ʠከᐉ
ࠢীპྎᔚ࿇ሽߓอ‫ڕ‬ቹ 1 ࢬ‫ق‬Δ‫׌‬૞‫ܶץ‬௛ྎᔚ֧
ᚯΕᐒ௛ᑷٌངᕴΕ‫ة‬጖‫ڤ‬೏ຒ࿇ሽᖲ֗᙮෷᠏ངᕴΔԫ
౳‫פ‬෷પ੡ 25~500 kWΖ
௛ྎᔚ֧ᚯຏൄ੡໢ၗຑ࿨ᚘᜍᖲΕྎᔚᖲ֗࿇ሽᖲ
հਮዌΔ़௛‫ط‬ᚘᜍᖲ‫ף‬ᚘၞԵᗏᗈ৛ፖᗏற෗‫ٽ‬ᗏᗈΔ
ᗏᗈ৛ᙁ‫נ‬௛᧯ᄵ৫પ 900ƫΔං೯ྎᔚᖲข‫س‬᠏ఢᦀ೯
࿇ሽᖲΔྎᔚᖲඈ‫נ‬ᐒ௛ᄵ৫પ 600ƫΔᆖᑷ‫گڃ‬ᕴቃᄵ
‫़ܐ‬௛Δ٦ඈ۟ᐒ௛ᑷٌངᕴΖᐒ௛ᑷٌངᕴຏൄ੡௛Ё
ֽੌၦ‫ڤ‬Δല‫࣍ژ‬ᐒ௛հᑷ౨᠏ང੡ᑷֽΔԫ౳ᐒ௛ၞԵ
հᄵ৫પ੡ 300ƫΖ‫ة‬጖‫ڤ‬೏ຒ࿇ሽᖲຏൄ੡ NdBFe ‫ޗ‬
ᔆΔ᠏ຒ‫ڇ‬ 50,000 rpm ۟ 120,000 rpm ၴΔ‫ڼڂ‬ᙁ‫נ‬ሽᚘ
᙮෷‫ױ‬ሒᑇ kHz ؐ‫׳‬Ζ᙮෷᠏ངᕴԫ౳ආ AC-DC-AC ਮ
ዌΔ‫ܛ‬೏᙮ሽᚘ٣ᖞੌ੡ऴੌሽΔ٦ᆖངੌᕴ᠏ང੡೸‫ش‬
ߓอ᙮෷ٌੌሽΔۖ‫׊‬ຏൄᝫᄎ಻ໂᒵៀंᕴ (Line Filter)
֗ሽ጖եឫៀंᕴ (EMC Filter) ല֊ངᘫंៀೈΖ
2. െᛱՀᱹ঵ᑨ₇⃥ʠѭ෴
პྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิࠠ‫ॺڶ‬ൄ‫ڍ‬ऱᚌរΔࠏ‫᧯ڕ‬ᗨ՛ૹၦ
᎘Κፖࠡ‫ה‬։ཋ‫ڤ‬ሽᄭઌֺ‫ڶ‬ઌᅝ՛հ᧯ᗨΔ೏ຒ‫ة‬጖‫ڤ‬
࿇ሽᖲΰ‫ܶץ‬ᖞੌᕴ֗ངੌᕴαհૹၦႛપ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲհ
1/5~1/2Δ‫ڜױڼڂ‬ᇘ࣍ৢືۖլ‫़ش۾‬ၴΔ‫׊‬լᏁᕡᔚ
ᒣΔᕡᔚᒣ੡೏ਚᎽ෷ցٙΔᏁ૞ᑮᄶ֗‫ܐ‬থΔۖ‫ॺ׊‬ൄ
ૹΖய෷ॺൄ೏Κᗏற۟ሽԺհ᠏ངய෷‫ױ‬ሒ 25 %~30 %Δ
‫׊‬ૉආᐒᑷ‫گڃ‬ΔঞᑷΕሽ᜔ࡉհ౨ᄭய෷‫ױ‬၌መ 80 %Ζ
ኙᛩቼ‫ۆ‬਩՛Κ֚ྥ௛ᖲิ‫ڇ‬ኔᎾሎ᠏ᒤ໮փΔེ௜֏ढ
ΰNOxαհඈ࣋ၦ‫࣍܅‬ 10 ppmΖᆖᛎΚߓอ‫ءګ‬ፖࠡ‫ה‬։
ཋ‫ڤ‬ሽᄭઌֺΔࠠ‫ڶ‬ઌᅝᤁञᚌႨΖᗏற‫ڶ‬ᐘࢤΚ‫شࠌױ‬
ߧ 1 െᛱՀᱹ঵₇⃥ከᐉ
‫ڍ‬ጟᙇᖗࢤᗏறΔࠏ‫ྥ֚ڕ‬௛Ε‫≇ׇ‬ΕᅁईΕ޳ईΕ௎ईΕ
಺તΕ‫س‬ᔆ౨࿛Ζೈ‫ڼ‬հ؆Δპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲߓอ‫ࢤڇ‬౨Ղ
‫ڶࠠޓ‬ରᕏႚอ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲߓอհᚌរΚ
(ԫ) ‫א‬ངੌᕴ൳ࠫऱᙁ‫נ‬Δ᙮෷᡹ࡳࢤॺൄ೏Δ‫࣍܅‬ 0.05
Hz ᧢೯Δԫ౳՛ী‫ޡٵ‬ᖲ࣍՛ߓอຑ൷ழ᧢೯ၦ೏ሒ
0.2 HzΔՕী‫ޡٵ‬ᖲ࣍Օߓอຑ൷ழ᧢೯ၦՈ‫ڶ‬ 0.03
HzΖ
(Բ) ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲԫ౳ႛ౨୲‫ݴ‬լ၌መ 10 %հլؓᘝΔპྎ
ᔚ࿇ሽᖲߓอ‫א‬ᖞੌᕴ֗ངੌᕴሶᠦ೏ຒ‫ة‬጖‫ڤ‬࿇ሽ
ᖲፖ૤ሉΔ‫ࠌܛڼڂ‬೏ሒ 50 %հ૤ሉլؓᘝΔՈ౨ፂ
਍‫࣍܅‬ 3 %հሽᚘᘫंեឫΖ
(Կ) ॺᒵࢤ૤ሉข‫س‬հᘫंሽੌ࣐ທ‫ګ‬ႚอ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲิ
հ޳ᖲᆺׂ೏᙮஡೯Δ‫܀‬პྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲߓอ‫ڶ‬ᖞੌᕴ
֗ངੌᕴ‫܂‬ሶᠦΔ‫٤ݙ‬լᄎ‫޳ڶ‬ᖲᆺׂ஡೯հംᠲข
‫س‬Ζ
(؄) ႚอ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲิ࣐‫ڂ‬ਚᎽሽੌመՕۖᗈᄤᒵഎࢨࠌ
᠏ၗ‫ށڶ‬ឰհ‫ٲ‬ᙠΔპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲߓอ‫࣍ط‬ᆖ‫ط‬ངੌ
ᕴ൳ࠫΔ‫ࠌױ‬೏ຒ‫ة‬጖‫ڤ‬࿇ሽᖲհਚᎽሽੌૻࠫ࣍ԫ
ࡳᒤ໮փΰԫ౳੡ 1.4~2.0 puαΔ‫ۖڂ‬౨ᝩ‫܍‬ຍࠄ‫ٲ‬
ᙠΖ
(ն) ೏ຒ‫ة‬጖‫ڤ‬࿇ሽᖲࠠ‫ֺڶ‬ႚอ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲ‫ޓ‬೏հඔ೯
౨Ժΰપ 1.8~2.5 ଍αΔࠏ‫ڕ‬ 100 hp ್ሒ‫ط‬ 400 kW ೏
ຒ‫ة‬጖‫ڤ‬࿇ሽᖲ‫ױܛ‬ඔ೯Δۖլທ‫ګ‬መՕհሽᚘೂᡩΖ
3. െᛱՀᱹ঵ᑨ₇⃥ʠᶇἄ᫠ᗼ
(ԫ) ೯ኪᑓী
პྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲߓอհ೯ኪᑓী२Լ‫ڇࠐڣ‬ IEL ႛ‫נ‬෼
֟ᑇ༓ᒧΔ֮᣸[1]ଈ٣༼‫נ‬១໢հᒵࢤ֏პྎᔚ࿇ሽ
ᖲᑓীΔᓳຒᕴ֗ྎᔚᖲຟ‫א׽‬ԫၸ᠏ངࠤᑇ२‫ۿ‬Δ
࿇ሽᖲ‫ֺ࣍إא‬᠏ຒհტᚨሽᚘ।‫ق‬Δᖞੌᕴ೗๻੡
ࡳሽੌ૤ሉհԿઌ٤ंᖞੌΔ٦‫ྤא‬ჾ؈ߓอ੡ছ༼
‫ط‬ᖲሽ‫פ‬෷ຑ࿨ᖲඳߓอፖሽԺߓอΖ
֮᣸[2]‫א‬ MatLab-Simulink-PSB ৬‫ݙم‬ᖞհპྎᔚ࿇
ሽᖲߓอΔპྎᖲᑓীঞ೶‫ە‬௛ྎᔚᖲᑓী৬‫م‬
[3~7]Δຒ৫൳ࠫ֗ᗏற൳ࠫ݁‫ץ‬ਔ‫ڇ‬փΔ‫܀‬ᄵ৫൳ࠫ
ঞ ๯ ࢙ ฃ Δ ࿇ ሽ ᖲ Ε ᖞ ੌ ᕴ ֗ ང ੌ ᕴ ঞ ຟ ආ ‫ش‬
MatLab-Simulink-PSB ୚ᇘᑓীΔࠡխངੌᕴհ൳ࠫආ
౧ᐈᓳ᧢ (PWM) ֱ‫ڤ‬Δࠀ‫ࠏֺא‬ᗨ։൳ࠫᕴ (PI
Controller) ൳ࠫΔᖞ᧯ᑓীբᔞ‫ٽ‬ᇡา೯ኪ۩੡հᑓ
ᚵ։࣫౨ԺΖ‫ء܀‬ᑓীႛ৬‫୾ࡰم‬ሎ᠏ᑓ‫ڤ‬Δٍ‫ڇܛ‬

3. ኚṪṞŘെᛱՀᱹ঵ᑨ‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘʠՒ๗ᑁბ 13
ࡐࡳ᙮෷ՀΔ൳ࠫ૤ሉሽᚘΔኙࠡ‫ה‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬հሎ᠏ࠀྤ
ᑓᚵ౨ԺΖ
֮᣸[8]ഗ‫ء‬Ղऎ᦭[2]հᑓীΔ‫ނ܀‬ᄵ৫൳ࠫ౏Եᑓী
փΔࠡᑓীսႛ৬‫୾ࡰم‬ሎ᠏ᑓ‫ڤ‬Δ൫ངੌᕴհሽᚘ
൳ࠫආ‫ش‬௽ࡳᘫं௣ೈ౧ᐈᓳ᧢(Specific Harmonic
Elimination PWM)൳ֱࠫ‫ڤ‬Ζ
ऴ່ࠩ२༓‫ڣ‬Δ‫ݙ‬ᖞऱპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲߓอ೯ኪᑓীթ
ດዬ๯࿇୶‫ࠐנ‬Δ֮᣸[9]ᇡาಘᓵԱ᠏ངሽሁᑓীΔ
ࠀ‫܂‬Աԫߓ٨೯ኪᑓᚵΔ֮᣸[10]ലპྎᔚᖲΕ࿇ሽ
ᖲ֗᠏ངሽሁຟᐊ‫ګ‬ MatLab-Simulink-PSB ᑓิΔ௅
ᖕᏁ‫ޣ‬౨৬‫ࠀم‬ᑓᚵլ‫ٵ‬णउհ೯ኪ᥼ᚨΔ֮᣸[11]
ঞ࿇୶‫ݙ່נ‬ᖞऱპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲߓอ೯ኪᑓীΔ౨ట
‫إ‬ᑓᚵᖲิհࡰ୾֗ࠀᜤ೯ኪ᥼ᚨΖ
(Բ) ᘫंեឫ
პྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲߓอ‫࣍ط‬ආ‫ش‬ངੌᕴലऴੌᢸሽᚘ᠏ང
੡ߓอ᙮෷ሽᚘΔ‫ࠌܛ‬բ಻ᆜᒵៀंᕴΔս‫ڇژ‬ઌᅝ
ᣤૹհᘫंംᠲΖ֮᣸[12]ኔྒྷԫຝ 480 VΕ30 kW პ
ྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิངੌᕴᙁ‫נ‬հᘫंΔ࿨࣠࿇෼ऴ൷ຑ൷
ழ᜔ሽᚘᘫंեឫ່೏ሒ 2.6 %Δ᜔ሽੌᘫंեឫ່
೏ሒ 67 %Δࠡխ 7 ‫ڻ‬ᘫंեឫ່ᣤૹሒ 40 %Ζૉᆖ
᧢ᚘᕴຑ൷ঞሽੌᘫंեឫ່೏ሒ 47 %Δឈྥ૾‫܀܅‬
սઌᅝՕΖᘫंեឫᙟ૤ሉ྇᎘ۖყ‫ݮ‬ᣤૹΔ‫ࠌܛ܀‬
ᠰࡳሎ᠏Հս‫ڶ‬ 12 %հሽੌᘫंեឫΖ֮᣸[8]༼‫אנ‬
ᙊႚዝጩऄ (Genetic Algorithm) ๻ૠᑓᒫ൳ࠫᕴ
(Fuzzy Controller) ൳ࠫ PWM ངੌᕴΔ᎘ሉழࠌ 7 ‫ڻ‬
ᘫं‫ط‬ 20 %૾۟ 5 %ΖլመՂ૪֮᣸ࢬઔߒऱຟਢֺ
ለ‫៱۔‬ऱᖲิΔለᄅऱᖲิհᘫंեឫբ޲ຍᏖᣤૹ
[13]Ζ
პྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲೈԱኙߓอࣹԵᘫंΔࠡ࿇ሽᖲࡳ՗៥
ิ‫ߪء‬Ո‫ٵ‬ᑌᔡ࠹ሽੌᘫंհ୭Δ‫ڼ‬ᘫं‫ط‬ք౧ंᖞ
ੌᕴ֧ದΔᘫंեឫ‫ڇ‬ຝ։૤ሉՀყ‫ݮ‬ᣤૹΔ‫ڼڂ‬Δ
‫୾ࡰڇ‬ሎ᠏Հႊ௽ܑࣹრΔშ߻ࡳ՗៥ิᗈᄤΖ‫׼‬ԫ
ֱ૿ࠐ઎Δૉ౨૾‫܅‬࿇ሽᖲࡳ՗៥ิհሽੌᘫंե
ឫΔঞ࿇ሽᖲല‫ױ‬՛ী֏Δ‫࣍ܗڶ‬࿇ሽᖲհ೏ຒሎ᠏Ζ
֮᣸[14]‫شܓܛ‬ඔ೯ངੌᕴΔലࠡ๻ૠ੡‫׌‬೯ៀंᕴ
‫ࡳࠫލא‬՗៥ิհሽੌᘫंΔ‫ڂ‬੡ඔ೯ངੌᕴ੡ࡐ‫ڶ‬
಻ໂΔ‫ڼڂ‬լᏺ‫ءګ۶ٚף‬੡່ࠡՕᚌរΔ‫܀‬ඔ೯ང
ੌᕴ୲ၦႛપᖲิհ 10 %Δ‫ޏ‬࿳౨Ժ࠹ૻΖ֮᣸[15]
ঞ‫࣋٤ݙ‬ඵք౧ंᖞੌᕴۖ‫شޏ‬ PWM ᖞੌᕴ‫྇א‬᎘
࿇ሽᖲࡳ՗៥ิሽੌᘫंեឫΔய࣠ᚌฆΔլመᄎࠌ
‫༼ۖڂءګ‬೏Ζ
(Կ) ‫פ‬෷൳ࠫᕴ๻ૠ
։ཋ‫ڤ‬ሽᄭհ‫פ‬෷൳ࠫᕴՕຟ‫ࡳࡐא‬ऴੌሽᚘᄭհང
ੌᕴ੡๻ૠਮዌΔ֮᣸[16]ֺለԱԿጟࠢীֱ‫ڤ‬Δࠡ
ԫ ੡ ኲ ं ᕴ ಻ ‫ٽ‬ ሽ ੌ ൳ ࠫ ሽ ᚘ ᄭ ང ੌ ᕴ հ ਮ ዌ
(DC-DC ChopperϟCC-VSI)ΔࠡԲ੡ሴੌ᧯ངੌᕴ಻
‫ٽ‬ᇖᚍᕴհਮዌ (SCR INVϟCompensator)ΔࠡԿ੡‫إ‬
࢐౧ᐈᓳ᧢ሽᚘᄭངੌᕴհਮዌ (SPWM-VSI)Δ൳ࠫ
ऄঞഗ‫ء‬Ղຟਢᆖ‫ط‬൳ࠫངੌᕴሽੌઌߡ֗Օ՛ࠐ൳
ࠫ‫ڶ‬ய֗ྤய‫פ‬෷Δᔞ‫ߓٽ‬อࠀᜤᑓ‫ڤ‬ሎ᠏Ζ
֮᣸[17]‫ڇ‬ઊฃᘫंΕլؓᘝΕ࿇ሽᖲ೯ኪΕߓอ೯
ኪ֗ආ‫ش‬෻უ֊ངၲᣂᑓ‫ڤ‬ՀΔ༼‫נ‬ຏ‫ش‬հ൳ࠫᕴᑓ
‫ڤ‬Δࠌངੌᕴհছ‫ٻ‬൳ࠫᕴ֗‫ڃ‬඄൳ࠫᕴࠫ‫֏ڤ‬Δࠀ
‫່ڇ‬৵‫א‬լᒔࡳၦലছ૪೗๻ᠾᆙΖ
ഄԫലპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲᑓী౏Ե‫פ‬෷൳ࠫᕴ๻ૠृ‫ڶ׽‬
֮᣸[1]Δլመ‫ڕ‬ছࢬ૪ࠡპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲᑓীႛַ࣍ᄕ
១֏ᑓীΔ‫܀‬ଖ൓ࣹრऱਢࠡ൳ࠫᕴհ๻ૠආ‫ٻش‬ၦ
൳ࠫΔլ‫הࠡ࣍ٵ‬ආొၦ൳ࠫृΖ
‫פ‬෷൳ࠫᕴೈՂ૪ආ AC-DC-AC ृ؆ΔՈ‫ڶ‬ආ‫ش‬
AC-AC ृΖ֮᣸[18]༼‫נ‬ආ‫ش‬ٌੌٌ۟ੌ᠏ངᕴ
(Cycloconverter) հਮዌΔࠀ‫ٻא‬ၦ൳ֱࠫ‫ڤ‬൳ࠫ‫ڶ‬ய
֗ྤய‫פ‬෷Ζ
֮᣸[19]༼‫נ‬ఢೄ᠏ངᕴ (Matrix Converter) ਮዌΔኙ
ԫଡԿઌᙁԵ/Կઌᙁ‫ߓנ‬อΔ‫شࠌױ‬ 9 ଡٌੌၲᣂሒ
‫ګ‬Δࠡࠀආ‫ش‬ 3 ‫ڻ‬ᘫंࣹԵࠌ່Օሽᚘ᠏ང෷ሒ
0.866Δ੡ᆏઊၲᣂ֊ངհૠጩழၴΔආ़ၴ‫ٻ‬ၦᓳ᧢
(SVM) ֱ‫ڤ‬Δࢤ౨֗ய෷݁ᚌ࣍ൄ‫ش‬հ AC-DC-AC
ਮዌΔ‫ױ‬൦֜መᓤᠧΖ
(؄) ሎ᠏ᑓ‫֊ڤ‬ང
პྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲߓอլ‫܂ױ׽‬੡ֆ‫్ش‬ሽᄭΔٍ‫܂ױ‬੡
ጹ৺ሽᄭࢨໂ‫ش‬ሽᄭΔ๺‫ڍ‬໱‫ݦٽ‬ඨᖲิ‫ٵ‬ழࠠ‫ࠟڶ‬
ጟ‫פ‬౨Δ‫ڼ܀‬Բृհ൳ࠫഗ‫ء‬Ղਢլ‫ٵ‬ऱΔᅝ‫܂‬੡ֆ
‫్ش‬ሽᄭழΔ‫ؘ‬ႊፖߓอ‫ޡٵ‬Δ‫ڼ‬ழᖲิႊ੡‫ڶ‬ய/
ྤய‫פ‬෷൳ࠫᑓ‫ڤ‬ (P-Q Controlled Mode)Δᅝ‫܂‬੡ໂ
‫ش‬ሽᄭழΔᖲิ‫ؘ‬ႊ૤ᖜ૤ሉᏁၦ֗֘ᚨ૤ሉ᧢೯Δ
‫ڼ‬ ழ ᖲ ิ ႊ ੡ ࡐ ࡳ ᙮ ෷ ֗ ሽ ᚘ ൳ ࠫ ᑓ ‫ڤ‬ (f-V
Controlled Mode)Δ‫ࠟڂ‬ጟᑓ‫ࢬڤ‬Ꮑၦྒྷ֗൳ࠫհ೶ᑇ
լ‫ٵ‬Δᖲิԫ౳ྤऄ‫ٵ‬ழ‫ࠟ࣍ش‬ጟ‫ش‬ຜΖ
֮᣸[20]ԯ༼‫נ‬ԫጟᜤ‫ٽ‬൳ࠫᕴΔࠡփಱሁ੡૤ሉሽ
ᚘ൳ࠫΔ؆ಱሁ੡‫פ‬෷ᑪੌ൳ࠫΔ؆ಱሁ‫ߓڇ‬อࠀᜤ
ሎ᠏ழ೯‫܂‬Δ൳ࠫངੌᕴ༼ࠎ‫ڶ‬ய֗ྤய‫פ‬෷Δᅝߓ
อࠎሽሂๅࠌᖲิ‫୾ࡰګݮ‬ሎ᠏ழΔ؆ಱሁ൳ࠫᕴᙁ
‫נ‬ਗࡉۖ؈‫شפװ‬Δ‫ڼ‬ழ‫ໍ׽‬փಱሁ೯‫܂‬Δ‫ܛ‬ངੌᕴ
۞೯‫ط‬ P-Q ൳ࠫᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང੡ f-V ൳ࠫᑓ‫ڤ‬Ζ‫ڼ‬ীᜤ‫ٽ‬
൳ࠫᕴ౨༼ࠎᖙ‫܂‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬ၴհྤᜓ᠏ང੡ࠡᚌរΔ‫܀‬ᖲ
ิፖߓอႊյઌٌངᇷಛΔ‫ؘڼڂ‬ႊ੡խ؇൳ࠫΔᔞ
‫ٽ‬ᖲิႃխ໱‫ٽ‬Ζ
ኙ࣍ᖲิ։ཋ໱‫ٽ‬Δ‫࣍ط‬ᖲิၴٌངᇷಛլ࣐Δխ؇
൳ࠫࠀլᔞ‫ٽ‬Ζ֮᣸[21]ԯ༼‫נ‬ᣊ‫ۿ‬Օী‫ޡٵ‬ᖲิհ
Հি൳ࠫᑓ‫ڤ‬ (Droop Mode)Δࠌངੌᕴհ൳ࠫ‫׽‬Ꮑၦ
ྒྷ‫פߪء‬෷֗ሽᚘΕሽੌ‫ױܛ‬Δլႊፖࠡ‫ה‬ᖲิٌང
ᇷ ಛ Δ ۖ ‫׊‬ ᖲ ิ ‫ױ‬ ᙟ რ ሎ ᠏ ࣍ ࡰ ୾ ᑓ ‫ڤ‬ (Island
Mode)Εሽጻࠀᜤᑓ‫ڤ‬ (Grid-connected Mode) ֗‫ڍ‬ᖲ
ᑓ‫ڤ‬ (Multi-machine Mode)Δլႊᠰ؆൳ࠫ೯‫܂‬Ζ‫ڼ‬
ীՀি൳ࠫᑓ‫ڶࠠڤ‬ፖՕী‫ޡٵ‬ᖲิઌ‫ٵ‬հ௽ࢤ੡ࠡ
ᚌរΔ‫܀‬᙮෷ྤऄፂ਍ࡐࡳΔ‫᥼׊‬ᚨለኬྤऄ‫܂‬੡ඕ

4. 14 ༬ċણӤ Ὦʷ֓ɿֱ Ὦɺቅ ᖁߡʪ֓ɼ౺
Speed/Load Reference
W(xs+1)
ys+z
N V
V
V
w(xs+1)
ėɺ ҤࠣെᛱՀᑨ՗ּ/ΝԦ࿳Ӽ₇⃥ᑁࠣ‫א‬ᄲ
ᖲิ 1 2 3 4 5
w 25 30 31.09 45 26.02
x 0 0 1.059 1.25 3.213
y 0.05 0.05 3.05 2.5 5
z 1 1 1 1 1
V FD-MAX 1.5 1.75 1.77 1.6 1.34
V FD-MIN -0.1 -0.26 -0.17 -0.1 -0.2
ėʷ ҤࠣെᛱՀᑨᥣᅆ࿳Ӽ₇⃥ᑁࠣ‫א‬ᄲ
ᖲิ 1 2 3 4 5
K3 0.77 0.68 0.725 0.76 0.716
T 0 0 0 0 0
a 1 1 1 1 1
b 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.2
c 1 1 1 1 1
Tf 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
Kf 0 0 0 0 0
ECR 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
TCD 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
af -0.299 -0.47 -0.359 -0.316 -0.396
bf 1.3 1.47 1.38 1.316 1.396
cf 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
ტ૤ሉհໂ‫ش‬ሽᄭΔ‫ڼ‬੡ࠡ‫׌‬૞౒រΖ
Ղ૪Բ֮᣸੡ႛ‫ڶ‬հሎ᠏ᑓ‫֊ڤ‬ངઔߒΔ‫܀‬ຟ࢙ฃპ
ྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲᑓীΔۖ೗๻ངੌᕴ‫ࡳࡐط‬ऴੌሽᚘᄭࠎ
ሽΔຍጟ೗๻ࠃኔՂ‫؈౒ࠡڶ‬Δࠏ‫ڕ‬პྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲհ
೯ኪ᥼ᚨՈઌᅝ‫ݶ‬Δլߠ൓౨࢙ฃࠡ‫ش܂‬Δۖ‫ૹ່׊‬
૞ऱਢ‫ڇ‬ຍጟ೗๻ՀΔྤऄ൓वሎ᠏ᑓ‫֊ڤ‬ངኙპྎ
ᔚ࿇ሽᖲิհᐙ᥼Ζ
(ն) ෗‫ٽ‬ሎ᠏
່२ᖂ੺ດዬᣂࣹპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิፖࠡ‫ה‬։ཋ‫ڤ‬࿇ሽ
ᖲิհ෗‫ٽ‬ሎ᠏ംᠲΔࠏ‫֮ڕ‬᣸[22]‫܂‬ԱԫଡଅԺᖲ
ิፖპྎᔚᖲิ෗‫ٽ‬ሎ᠏ऱଡூઔߒΔ֮᣸[23]֗[24]
ঞ൶ಘᗏறሽ‫ۃ‬ᖲิፖპྎᔚᖲิ෗‫ٽ‬ሎ᠏ऱ᡹ࡳ৫
ംᠲΔլመຍࠄઔߒຟᝫ‫׽‬ਢದ‫ޡ‬ၸ੄Δᙟထპྎᔚ
࿇ሽᖲิऱ‫ګ‬ᑵΔ෗‫ٽ‬ሎ᠏ലਢຍԫᏆ഑‫ࠐآ‬ऱઔߒ
ૹរΖ
ʷȮ₇⃥ᑁࠣ
‫א֮ء‬ MatLab-Simulink-PSB ኔ෼პྎᔚ࿇ሽߓอհ
ᖞ᧯ᑓীΔ‫ץ‬ਔპྎᔚᖲᑓীΕ‫ة‬጖࿇ሽᖲᑓীΕ᙮෷᧢
ངሽሁᑓীΕ૤ሉᑓীΕៀंᕴᑓীΕऴੌᢸሽᚘ൳ࠫᑓ
ীΕངੌᕴ‫פ‬෷൳ࠫᑓী࿛Δࠡխ᙮෷᧢ངሽሁΕ૤ሉΕ
ៀंᕴ࿛‫ױڂ‬ආ‫ش‬୚ᇘᑓীΔլ٦ᇡ૪Δࠡ‫ה‬ຝ։ঞ։૪
‫ڕ‬ՀΖ
ėɿ ᖝᷬೣᱹ঵ᑨ‫א‬ᄲ
R ( Ω ) 0.17
dL (mH) 1.9
qL (mH) 1.9
p 4
λ (wb) 1.629
ߧ 2 ՗ּ/ΝԦ࿳Ӽ₇⃥ᑁࠣ
ߧ 3 ᥣᅆ࿳Ӽ₇⃥ᑁࠣ
1. െᛱՀᑨᑁࠣ
პྎᔚᖲᑓী‫؄طױ‬ଡ‫׌‬૞൳ࠫߓอࠐ༴૪Δ։ܑ੡
᠏ຒ/૤ሉ൳ࠫߓอΕᄵ৫൳ࠫߓอΕඔ೯൳ࠫߓอ֗ᗏற
൳ࠫߓอΖࠡխᄵ৫൳ࠫߓอ֗ඔ೯൳ࠫߓอ‫࣍ط‬լ‫ءڇ‬
֮൶ಘᒤ໮փΔ‫ڼڂ‬լ‫᠇ף‬૪Ζ
(ԫ) ᠏ຒ/૤ሉ൳ࠫߓอᑓী
ࠢীპྎᔚᖲհ᠏ຒ/૤ሉ൳ࠫᕴ (Governor) ‫ࠟڶ‬ጟ
ী‫ڤ‬Δ։ܑ੡ GE Speedtronic ী‫֗ڤ‬ Woodward ী‫ڤ‬Ζ
‫֮ء‬ආছृΔ‫ڕ‬ቹ 2 ࢬ‫ق‬Δᓳᖞ z ‫ګױ‬੡ Droop ࢨ
Isochronous ᑓ‫ڤ‬ሎ᠏ (1ΚDroop ModeΕ0ΚIsochronous
Mode)ΔwΕxΕy ։ܑ੡ᏺટ֗Ꮖ٣Εᆵ৵ழၴൄᑇΔ
ᙁԵ੡᠏ຒ/૤ሉᏁၦ֗᠏ຒ ( N )Δᙁ‫נ‬੡ᗏறᏁၦ
ಛᇆ ( FDV )Ζ।ԫࢬ٨੡ 5 ຝࠢীპྎᔚᖲᑓীհ೶
ᑇΔࠡխ 1 ᇆᖲ੡‫֮ء‬ઔߒᖲิΖ
(Բ) ᗏற൳ࠫߓอᑓী
ࠢীᗏற൳ࠫߓอਮዌ‫ڕ‬ቹ 3 ࢬ‫ق‬Δᑓী೶ᑇ٨࣍।
ԲΖ‫ط‬᠏ຒ/૤ሉ൳ࠫᕴΕᄵ৫൳ࠫᕴ֗ඔ೯൳ࠫᕴᙁ
‫נ‬հᗏறᏁၦಛᇆ‫ֺ܂‬ለΔ‫܅ط‬ଖᙇᖗၲᣂ࠷ࠡ՛ृ

5. ኚṪṞŘെᛱՀᱹ঵ᑨ‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘʠՒ๗ᑁბ 15
ߧ 4 ᳅ᙟࡓ঵ࣱ࿳Ӽ₇⃥ᑁࠣ
ߧ 5 ဘᙟ‫ݽ‬ SPWM ʁࠡ࿳Ӽᑁࠣ
੡ᗏறᏁၦಛᇆΔֱჇ 1 ੡ Governor ࢏ᙈΔֱჇ 2 ੡
൳ࠫᎺ೯ኪΔֱჇ 3 ੡ᗏறߓอ೯ኪΔֱჇ 4 ੡ᗏற
ߓอհ‫ڃ‬඄ൄᑇΔᖞ᧯ᗏறߓอᙁ‫נ‬੡ᗏறੌၦ೯ኪ
ಛᇆΰwfαΔֱჇ 5 ੡ᗏᗈᕴ࢏ᙈΔֱჇ 6 ੡௛ྎᔚ
ᖲ೯ኪΔֱჇ 7 ੡௛ྎᔚᖲ᠏ఢข‫ࠤس‬ᑇΖ
2. ᖝᷬೣᱹ঵ᑨᑁࠣ
‫֮ء‬ආ‫ش‬ MatLab-Simulink-PSB ୚ᇘ‫ة‬጖‫ڤ‬࿇ሽᖲᑓ
ীΔຍਢԫଡ᠏՗೶‫ە‬ၗհԲၸणኪᑓীΔ೯ኪֱ࿓‫ڕڤ‬
Հࢬ‫ق‬Δ೶ᑇঞ٨࣍।ԿΖ
ሽᖲֱ࿓‫ڤ‬Κ
q
d
q
d
d
d
d
d pNi
L
L
i
L
R
v
L
i
dt
d
+−=
1
ΰ1α
q
d
q
d
q
q
q
q
q
L
pN
pNi
L
L
i
L
R
v
L
i
dt
d λ
−−−=
1
ΰ2α
᠏ఢֱ࿓‫ڤ‬Κ
( )1.5e q d q d qT p i L L i iλ
 
= + − 
 
ΰ3α
ᖲඳֱ࿓‫ڤ‬Κ
( )me TDNT
J
N
dt
d
−−=
1
ΰ4α
N
dt
d
=θ ΰ5α
ߧ 6 െᛱՀᑨՒ๗੘ະ
3. ᳅ᙟࡓ঵ࣱ࿳Ӽ₇⃥ᑁࠣ
პྎᔚ࿇ሽߓอհऴੌᢸሽᚘ൳ࠫፖଅԺ࿇ሽᖲิ
ࢨᗏறሽ‫ิۃ‬ฃ‫ڶ‬լ‫ٵ‬Δ৵ԲृՕીຟආ‫ش‬ԫ్ࣙᚘ‫ڤ‬ኲ
ंᕴᓳᖞऴੌᢸሽᚘΔ‫܀‬პྎᔚ࿇ሽߓอঞലऴੌᢸሽᚘ
‫ڃ‬඄۟პྎᔚᖲհ᠏ຒ/૤ሉ൳ࠫᕴΔ‫ڕ‬ቹ 4 ࢬ‫ق‬Δ‫ط‬პྎ
ᔚᖲհຒ৫൳ࠫፂ਍ऴੌᢸሽᚘհ᡹ࡳΖ
4. ဘᙟ‫ݽ‬࿳Ӽᑁࠣ
੡Ա౨൶ಘ‫ٺ‬ጟլ‫ٵ‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬հሎ᠏Δ‫֮ء‬ආ‫ش‬Հিᑓ‫ڤ‬
հ SPWM ൳ֱࠫ‫ڤ‬Δਮዌ‫ڕ‬ቹ 5 ࢬ‫ق‬Δ൳ࠫᕴᙁ‫נ‬੡ᓳ᧢
ਐᑇ m ֗ઌߡ µ Δಬ۟ SPWM ข‫س‬ᕴข‫س‬ᤛ࿇౧ंΖઌ
ߡ µ ‫إڇ‬ൄणउՀਢ‫ط‬ P-f հՀি௽ࢤެࡳΔ‫܀‬ਢᅝᖲิ
‫פ‬෷ᙁ‫נ‬ሒ່ࠩՕૻࠫଖழΔ֊ང່۟Օ‫פ‬෷൳ࠫᑓ‫ڤ‬Ζ
ۖᓳ᧢ਐᑇ m ‫إڇ‬ൄणउՀਢ‫ط‬ሽᚘ൳ࠫެࡳΔ‫܀‬ਢᅝᙁ
‫נ‬ሽੌሒ່ࠩՕૻࠫଖழΔ֊ང່۟Օሽੌ൳ࠫᑓ‫ڤ‬Ζ
ຍጟངੌᕴ൳ࠫᑓ‫ྤڤ‬ᓵਢ‫ڇ‬ᖲิࠓᜤሽጻࢨਢ‫ڍ‬
ᖲյᜤຟࠠ‫۞ڶ‬೯‫ޡٵ‬ऱ‫פ‬౨Δ‫ڂ‬੡ SPWM ข‫س‬ᕴข‫س‬հ
‫࢐إ‬ᓳ᧢ಛᇆ‫ڕ‬Հࢬ‫ق‬Δ
( )[ ]tmvm µsin×= ΰ6α
ᅝࠟᖲࠀᜤሎ᠏ழΔ‫ޢ‬ԫᖲิࠉࠡՀি௽ࢤ։಻૤
ሉΔૉԫᖲิհ᙮෷೏࣍‫׼‬ԫᖲิΔࠡጤሽᚘઌߡ஁ᏺՕΔ
ᄎࠌᖲิ‫פ‬෷ᙁ‫נ‬ᏺՕΔ‫ڕ‬Հࢬ‫ق‬Δΰ೗๻ EΕV ੡ࠟጤሽ
ᚘΔ Eµ Ε Vµ ੡ࠟጤሽᚘઌߡΔX ੡ࠟጤၴհሽ‫ݼ‬α
[ ]VE
X
EV
P µµ −= sin ΰ7α
ࠉᖕՀি௽ࢤΔ‫ڼ‬ലࠌ᙮෷૾‫܅‬Δ‫ࠟڼڂ‬ᖲല۞೯‫ٵ‬
‫ޡ‬Ζ‫ٵ‬ᑌऱΔ‫ڇ‬ᖲิࠓᜤሽጻழΔᖲิᄎ۞೯ፖሽጻ‫ޡٵ‬Δ
‫ڍڇ‬ᖲյᜤழΔᖲิၴՈᄎ۞೯‫ޡٵ‬Ζ
ɿȮ‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘՒ๗ᑁბӠኔ
1.5
1
0.5
0
1.5
1
0.5
0
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
0.98
0.96
0.94
time-sec time-sec
time-sec time-sec
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
FuelDemandTurbineTorque
FuelFlowSpeed

6. 16 ༬ċણӤ Ὦʷ֓ɿֱ Ὦɺቅ ᖁߡʪ֓ɼ౺
1500
1000
500
0
-500
2000
1000
0
-1000
-2000
1000
500
0
-500
-1000
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
time-sec time-sec
time-sec time-sec
0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
time-sec time-sec
time-sec time-sec
0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
VdcVab(load)
Vab(inverter)Modulaton-Index
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
3
2
1
0
-1
2
1
0
-1
-2
1.02
1.015
1.01
1.005
1
0.995
Ia-pu
Speed-pu
Va-puElectricPower-pu
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
lnput :
Signal numbert :
Start time [s] :
Number of cycles :
Fundamental frequency [Hz] :
Max Frequency [Hz] :
Frequency axis :
Display style :
0.2 0.2002 0.2004 0.2006 0.2008 0.201 0.2012 0.2014 0.2016
Time (s)
Fundamental (1200Hz) = 0.6556 , THD = 16.67%
FFT window: 2 of 1800 cycles of selected signal
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
15
10
5
0
Mag(%ofFundamental)
Frequency (Hz) X 10
4
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
lnput :
Signal numbert :
Start time [s] :
Number of cycles :
Fundamental frequency [Hz] :
Max Frequency [Hz] :
Frequency axis :
Display style :
1.2 1.2002 1.2004 1.2006 1.2008 1.201 1.2012 1.2014 1.2016
Time (s)
Fundamental (1200Hz) = 0.3047 , THD = 22.23%
FFT window: 2 of 1800 cycles of selected signal
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
20
15
10
5
0
Mag(%ofFundamental)
Frequency (Hz) X 10
4
iso_fixfreq_scope2
la
1
0.2
2
Display FFT window
1200
70000
Hertz
Bar(relativetoFund.orDC)
Display Close
iso_fixfreq_scope2
la
1
1.2
2
Display FFT window
1200
70000
Hertz
Bar(relativetoFund.orDC)
Display Close
Structure :
Structure :
ߧ 7 ગ஌‫ו‬՗ᑁೣʠ₇⃥ከᐉ
ߧ 8 ગ஌ᑁೣΝԦӡဘᆹʠՒ๗੘ະŘ(a) ဘᙟ‫ݽ‬
ϳȮ(b) ᱹ঵ᑨϳ
1. െᛱՀᑨՒ๗੘ະ
პྎᔚᖲ೯ኪᑓী‫ط‬᠏ຒ/૤ሉ൳ࠫߓอፖᗏற൳ࠫ
ߓอᑓীᖞ‫ګۖٽ‬Δ‫ף‬Ղ૤ሉ‫ױܛ‬൶ಘࠡ೯ኪ᥼Δ೯ኪֱ
࿓‫ڕڤ‬ՀΚ
( ) DNPP
dt
dN
H elecmech +−=2 ΰ8α
ࠡխ H ੡᠏՗ክၦൄᑇΰ௛ྎᔚᖲΕ࿇ሽᖲ֗ᚘᜍᖲ
հ᜔‫ٽ‬αΕD ੡ॴ‫؍‬এᑇΔN ੡᠏ຒΔ mechP ֗ elecP ։ܑ੡
პྎᔚᖲᙁ‫נ‬ᖲඳ‫פ‬෷֗࿇ሽᖲᙁ‫נ‬ሽ‫פ‬෷Ζ
‫ء‬ઔߒᖲิ H ੡ 8.22 sΕD ੡ 0.1 N-m-s/radΔᑓᚵழ
೗๻ 0 ઞழ‫ף‬Ե໢‫ޡۯ‬ၸ૤ሉሽ‫פ‬෷Δ15 ઞழ૤ሉ૾੡ 0.5
puΖቹ 6 ੡೯ኪᑓᚵ࿨࣠ΔփܶᗏறᏁၦΕᗏறੌၦΕྎ
ᔚᖲ᠏ఢ֗᠏ຒΔ‫ط‬ቹ‫ױ‬वΔ᡹ࡳழၴપᏁ 5 ઞؐ‫׳‬Ζ
2. ગ஌‫ו‬՗ᑁೣՒ๗੘ະ
ቹ 7 ੡൶ಘპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲࡰ୾ሎ᠏հਮዌቹΔ250
kVA/1200 Hz პྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิᙁ‫נ‬ᆖᖞੌΕៀं৵ಬԵ
ߧ 9 ᱹ঵ᑨ঵ᙟᘘഐ‫̢ંד‬Ř(a) ֲԦԊȮ(b) ֲԦര
ߧ 10 ࿳Ӽ‫ݽ‬ʠ MatLab-Simulink-PSB Ễೣ
IGBT ิ‫ګ‬հངੌᕴΔངੌᕴࡐࡳ‫א‬ 50 Hz ሎ᠏Δ‫ط‬ሽᚘᓳ
ᖞᕴ൳ࠫ‫ڇ‬ 380 V ‫ۯ‬ᄷΔᙁ‫נ‬ᆖ LC ሽሁៀൾ೏᙮եឫΔ
ࠎᚨࠟಱሁ‫ٺ‬ 100 kW հ૤ሉΔࠡխԫಱሁ‫ط‬ឰሁᕴ൳ࠫΔ
‫ڇ‬ 0.3 ઞழല 100 kW ૤ሉ࠵ೈΔ‫א‬ᑓᚵ૤ሉ᧢೯հ೯ኪ᥼
ᚨΖ
ࡰ୾ᑓ‫ڤ‬૤ሉ֊ངழհ೯ኪ᥼ᚨ‫ڕ‬ቹ 8 ࢬ‫ق‬Δ(a)੡ང
ੌᕴೡհ᥼ᚨ (‫ܶץ‬ऴੌᢸሽᚘΕངੌᕴᙁ‫נ‬ᒵሽᚘΕ૤
ሉሽᚘ֗ PWM հᓳ᧢ਐᑇ)Δ(b)ঞ੡࿇ሽᖲհ᥼ᚨ (‫ܶץ‬
A ઌሽੌፖሽᚘΕ᠏ຒ֗ሽ‫פ‬෷)Δ‫ط‬ቹ‫ױ‬वΔሽߓอհ᥼
ᚨॺൄ‫ݶ‬ຒΔ᡹ࡳழၴ᎛᎛՛࣍ᖲඳߓอΔ‫ڼڂ‬Δ‫ڇ‬൶ಘ
პྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲࡰ୾ሎ᠏೯ኪ᥼ᚨழΔ࢙ฃპྎᔚᖲհ೯ኪ
ਢ‫ٽ‬෻ऱΖ
‫ྎ࣍ط‬ᔚᖲ᥼ᚨለኬΔ‫ط‬ቹ‫ױ‬઎‫נ‬Δ‫࠵ڇ‬ሉழΔऴੌ
ሽᚘ‫ۯ‬ᄷ‫༼ؘ‬೏‫א‬ᇖᚍᖲሽ౨ၦհؓᘝΔՈ‫ڼڂ‬ངੌᕴᙁ
1
3
3
Pe
f(u)
p2f
Vabc (pu)
Freq
Freq
wt
sin_cos
2
0
abc
sin_cos
abc_to_dq0
Transformation
Vd_ref (pu)
Vq_ref (pu)
Selector
Vd Vq
P1
Discrete
P1 Controller
Vd Vq inverter
0
VO
1
2
m
Vabc_inv
hypot modulation index
dqo
sin_cos
abc
Dq0_to_abc
Transformation

7. ኚṪṞŘെᛱՀᱹ঵ᑨ‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘʠՒ๗ᑁბ 17
1500
1000
500
0
1500
1000
500
0
2000
1000
0
-1000
-2000
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
VdcVab(load)
Vab(inverter)
ModulationIndex
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
4
2
0
-2
-4
1.02
1
0.98
Ia-puSpeed-pu
4
2
0
-2
-4
Va-pu
4
3
2
1
0
-1
ElectricPower-pu
time-sec
time-sec time-sec
time-sec time-sec
time-sec time-sec
time-sec
52
51.5
51
50.5
50
49.5
49
48.5
48
Frequency-Hz
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
time-sec
4
3
2
1
0
-1
ElectricPower-pu
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
52
51
50
49
48
Frequency-Hz
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
time-sec
time-sec
ߧ 11 ગ஌/ʏ⊓‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘʠ₇⃥ከᐉ
ߧ 12 ગ஌/ʏ⊓‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘʠ MatLab-Simulink-
PSB Ễೣ
ߧ 13 ગ஌/঵ℐʏ⊓ᑁೣ՗ဘᆹʠՒ๗੘ະŘ(a) ဘ
ᙟ‫ݽ‬ϳȮ(b) ᱹ঵ᑨϳ
‫נ‬ሽᚘ‫ۯ‬ᄷՈᇿထ༼೏Δ‫ڼ܀‬ழሽᚘᓳᖞᕴലᓳ᧢‫ڂ‬ᑇ‫ط‬
0.82 ᓳ૾੡ 0.62Δࠌ૤ሉሽᚘԫऴፂ਍᡹ࡳΔ࿇ሽᖲֱ૿
ঞ‫ط‬ሽ‫פ‬෷᥼ᚨ‫ױ‬઎‫נ‬Δ‫ڇ‬༓‫׏‬՛࣍ 0.1 ઞփ‫ط‬ 0.8 pu ૾
۟ 0.6 pu ֘ᚨ૤ሉհ‫᧢ޏ‬Δ‫᧩ྤࠀ׊‬ထऱᑉኪឫ೯ข‫س‬Ζ
ߧ 14 ગ஌/঵ℐʏ⊓ᑁೣ՗ဘᆹᱹ঵ᑨ⃅ં᪓Ւ๗੘ະ
ߧ 15 ᅠ 32 ಙ᳈ȁదᨊᗼʁʠ੘ະ
ቹ 9(a)Ε(b)ၞԫ‫࠵ق᧩ޡ‬ೈ૤ሉছ৵հ࿇ሽᖲሽੌं
‫֗ݮ‬᙮ᢜ։ؒΔଖ൓ࣹრऱਢΔ࠵ሉ৵հ᜔ሽੌᘫंեឫ
੡ 22.23 %Δۖ࠵ሉছ੡ 16.67 %Δ᧩ྥ࿇ሽᖲ᎘ሉֺૹሉ
ࢭ࠹‫ޓ‬ᣤૹऱᘫंեឫΔຍፖᑵवऱࡰ୾ሎ᠏լᔞ‫܂ٽ‬ຝ
։૤ሉሎ᠏෼ွ‫ٽܭ‬Ζ
3. ગ஌/঵ℐʏ⊓‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘ
‫ڇ‬൶ಘპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲࡰ୾/ሽጻࠀᜤሎ᠏ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང
ழΔངੌᕴආ‫ش‬Հি൳ࠫᑓ‫ڤ‬Δྤሉ᙮෷ (f0) ๻੡ 1.04
puΔՀি෷ (D) ๻੡ 0.04Δሽᚘ൳ࠫᕴհֺࠏൄᑇ ( pk )
๻ ੡ 0.4 Ε ᗨ ։ ൄ ᑇ ( ik ) ๻ ੡ 500 Δ ‫א‬
MatLab-Simulink-PSB ኔ෼հ൳ࠫᕴ‫ڕ‬ቹ 10 ࢬ‫ق‬Ζߓอਮ
ዌঞ‫ڇ‬૤ሉጤฃ‫܂‬ଥ‫ޏ‬Δ଺‫ء‬ᆖឰሁᕴࢬ൷հ૤ሉ‫ޏ‬੡ຑ
൷ԫຝ 250 kVAΕ380 V/25 kV ᧢ᚘᕴΔᆖឰሁᕴຑ۟ 10
MVA/25 kV/50 Hz ሽጻΔ‫ڕ‬ቹ 11 ࢬ‫ق‬Δࠡ MatLab-
Simulink-PSB ࿓‫ڕڤ‬ቹ 12 ࢬ‫ق‬Ζᑓᚵழឰሁᕴ٣অ਍ၲሁ
ࠌᖲิᗑ‫م‬᡹ࡳࠎᚨ 100 kW ૤ሉΔ0.3 ઞழឰሁᕴ‫ދ‬ԵΔ
ࠌᖲิፖሽጻࠀᜤሎ᠏Δ2 ઞழឰሁᕴ٦ሂๅΔᖲิ਀༚
ࡰ୾ሎ᠏Ζ
ቹ 13 ᧩‫ࠀ/୾ࡰق‬ᜤሎ᠏ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ངհ೯ኪΔ(a) ੡ང
ੌᕴೡհ᥼ᚨΔሎ᠏ᑓ‫֊ڤ‬ངழऴੌሽᚘᑉኪડ૾۟પ
300 VΔ᠏ངཚၴ PWM հᓳ᧢‫ڂ‬ᑇՂ່֒۟ՕૻࠫଖΔ‫ڂ‬
‫᥼ࠌڼ‬ᚨழၴࢮऱֺለ९Δ(b) ੡࿇ሽᖲհ᥼ᚨΔ‫֊ڇ‬ང

8. 18 ༬ċણӤ Ὦʷ֓ɿֱ Ὦɺቅ ᖁߡʪ֓ɼ౺
MTG1 REC INV
Filter 100kW
MTG2
380V
TR
25kV
CBK CBK
Grid
REC INV
Filter 100kW
380V
TR
25kV
CBK
52
51
50
49
48
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Frequency-Hz
time-sec
ElectricPower-pu
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
time-sec
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
52
51
50
49
48
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Frequency-Hz
time-sec
ElectricPower-pu
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
time-sec
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
ė߈ ʃ‫׺‬᳈ȁదʠᕗԡ
ઌߡ஁(৫) 72 32
peakP (pu) 2.05 1.5
maxf∆ (Hz) 1.2 0.9
ழ࿇ሽᖲᑉኪሽੌપሒ 3 pu ୽ଖΔᑉኪឫ೯ሽ‫פ‬෷પሒ 2
pu ୽ኙ୽ଖΔឫ೯Օ՛પፖႚอ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲิᔡ࠹໢ઌ൷
‫چ‬ਚᎽ‫ٵ‬࿛్Δ᧩ߠ‫୾ࡰط‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང੡ሽጻࠀᜤᑓ‫ڤ‬ኙპ
ྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิข‫ॺس‬ൄՕऱᓢᚰΔ‫ڼڂ‬ᚨ‫/୾ࡰ࣍ش‬ሽጻࠀ
ᜤᑓ‫ڤ‬հᖲิ‫ؘ‬ႊֺ໢ొ‫୾ࡰ܂‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬ሎ᠏հᖲิࠠ‫ޓڶ‬Օ
ऱឫ೯୲‫ݴ‬౨Ժ๻ૠΖቹ 14 ঞ੡᙮෷᥼ᚨΔ‫ط‬ቹ‫ױ‬वΔང
ੌᕴၲࡨழ‫א‬ 50.6 Hz ሎ᠏Δ֊ངழ᙮෷ડ૾۟ 49.4 HzΔ
հ৵પक़၄ 1.2 ઞթ᡹ࡳ࣍ 50 Hz ፖሽጻ‫ޡٵ‬Δ‫܀‬ᅝ٦‫ڻ‬
ᗑ‫م‬ሎ᠏ழΔ᙮෷༓‫਀ࠥم׏‬༚᡹ࡳΖ
ࠃኔՂΔࠀᜤข‫س‬ऱᓢᚰፖࠀᜤᛳၴհሽᚘઌߡ஁‫ڶ‬
ᣂΔՂ૪ᑓᚵ੡ 72 ৫ሽᚘઌߡ஁հणउΔૉઌߡ஁ଥ‫ޏ‬੡
32 ৫Δঞ࿇ሽᖲሽ‫פ‬෷֗ངੌᕴᙁ‫נ‬᙮෷‫ڕ‬ቹ 15 ࢬ‫ق‬Δ
‫ط‬ቹ‫ױ‬वΔࠀᜤข‫س‬ऱᓢᚰ᧢൓ֺለᒷࡉΖ।؄ঞലࠟጟ
णउհ࿇ሽᖲᑉኪឫ೯ሽ‫פ‬෷୽ଖ ( peakP ) ֗ངੌᕴᙁ
‫נ‬᙮෷່Օ‫᧢ޏ‬ၦ ( maxf∆ ) ٨।ֺለΔ‫ط‬।‫ױ‬वΔᑉኪឫ
೯ሽ‫פ‬෷୽ଖ‫ڶ‬ 25 %հ஁ฆΖ
4. ગ஌/঵ℐʏ⊓/घᑨ‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘ
੡൶ಘࡰ୾/ሽጻࠀᜤ/‫ڍ‬ᖲሎ᠏ᑓ‫ڤ‬հ᠏ང೯ኪΔߓ
อਮዌԾฃ‫ޏޓ܂‬Δ‫ڕ‬ቹ 16 ࢬ‫ق‬Δೈ଺ࠐհ࿇ሽᖲิ؆Δ
ߓอ٦‫ף‬Ե‫׼‬ԫຝઌ‫ٵ‬ਮዌհᖲิΔࠟຝᖲิᆖឰሁᕴຑ
൷۟ሽጻΖᄅᖲิՈ‫܂‬Հি൳ࠫΔࠡྤሉ᙮෷๻੡ 1.02
puΔՀি෷๻੡ 0.04Ζᑓᚵழࠟຝᖲิ‫٣۞ٺ‬᡹ࡳᗑ‫م‬ሎ
᠏Δ0.2 ઞழࠟᖲຟᆖ‫ط‬ឰሁᕴ‫ދ‬Եፖሽጻࠀᜤሎ᠏Δ1.1
ઞழሽጻᆖឰሁᕴሂๅΔࠌߓอ᧢‫ࠟګ‬ᖲࠀᜤሎ᠏ਮዌΖ
ቹ 17(a)Ε(b) ։ܑ᧩‫ࠟق‬ຝᖲิհ᙮෷֗ሽ‫פ‬෷᥼
ᚨΔ࿇ሽᖲิ MTG1 ၲࡨழࠎᚨ 0.6 pu ‫פ‬෷Δࠀ‫א‬ 50.4 Hz
ሎ᠏Δࠀᜤ۟ሽᄭ৵Δࠎᚨ‫פ‬෷༼೏۟ 1 puΔ‫׊‬᙮෷۞೯
ፖሽᄭ‫ޡٵ‬੡ 50 HzΔᅝ᧢‫ࠟګ‬ᖲࠀᜤΔᆖࠟᖲิ‫פ‬෷։
಻৵᙮෷᡹ࡳ࣍ 50.3 HzΔ࿇ሽᖲิ MTG2 ঞၲࡨ‫א‬ 50.2
Hz ሎ᠏Δࠀᜤ۟ሽᄭ৵᙮෷‫ٵ‬ᑌፖሽᄭ‫ޡٵ‬੡ 50 HzΔ֊
ང‫ࠟګ‬ᖲࠀᜤ৵ঞ‫ٵ‬ᑌ᡹ࡳ࣍ 50.3 HzΖլᓵࡰ୾ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང
੡ሽጻࠀᜤᑓ‫ࢨڤ‬ሽጻࠀᜤᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང੡‫ڍ‬ᖲᑓ‫ڤ‬Δ᠏ང᡹
ࡳழၴຟՕપ‫ڇ‬ 2 ઞ‫א‬փΖ
௽ܑଖ൓ࣹრऱਢࠟຝ࿇ሽᖲิհሽ‫פ‬෷Δৰ୲࣐‫ױ‬
࿇෼ࠡᑉኪ୽ኙ୽ଖ᎛Օ࣍ 2 puΔ᧩‫ق‬ᅝࠟຝ࿇ሽᖲิ‫ٵ‬
ழࠓᜤሽጻழΔኙᖲิທ‫ګ‬հᓢᚰ᎛ֺ໢ᖲࠓᜤሽጻழՕ
ৰ‫ڍ‬Δᓢᚰ࿓৫լ՛࣍ႚอ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲิᔡ࠹Կઌ൷‫چ‬ਚ
Ꮍհणउΰီൣउۖࡳપ 3 pu~6 pu ୽ኙ୽ଖαΔ᧩‫ق‬ᚨ‫ش‬
࣍‫ڍ‬ᖲ/ሽጻࠀᜤᑓ‫ڤ‬հᖲิ‫ؘ‬ႊ‫່ڶ‬Օऱᓢᚰ୲‫ݴ‬౨Ժ
հ๻ૠΖ
ߧ 16 ગ஌/঵ℐʏ⊓/घᑨ‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘʠ₇⃥ከᐉ
ߧ 17 ᱹ঵ᑨ⃅ʠં᪓‫ד‬঵Լ᪓੘ະŘ(a) MTG1Ȯ(b)
MTG2
߈Ȯȭʴ⎞⃌ʴ
੡Ա౨ଫࠠࡰ୾Εሽጻࠀᜤ֗‫ڍ‬ᖲ࿛ᑓ‫ڤ‬հሎ᠏౨
ԺΔპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิ‫א‬ P-f Հিᑓ‫ڤ‬൳ࠫਢለࠋऱᙇᖗΔ
‫ܛ֮ء‬ኙຍጟᣊীऱპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิհሎ᠏ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང‫܂‬೯
ኪᑓᚵ։࣫Δ࿨࣠‫ڶ‬Հ٨༓រଖ൓ࣹრΚ
1. პྎᔚᖲ֘ᚨ૤ሉ‫᧢ޏ‬પᏁ 5 ઞհ᡹ࡳழၴΔۖངੌᕴ
ঞ༓‫׏‬ᛳၴ‫ګݙ‬Δ‫ڇڼڂ‬൶ಘངੌᕴೡհሽԺߓอᑉኪ
᥼ᚨழΔ࢙ฃპྎᔚᖲ֘ᚨਢ‫ױ‬൷࠹ऱΖ
2. ‫ط‬ሽጻࠀᜤᑓ‫ڍࢨڤ‬ᖲᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང‫୾ࡰڃ‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬༓‫׏‬ᛳၴ‫ݙ‬
‫ګ‬Δ‫୾ࡰط܀‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང੡ሽጻࠀᜤᑓ‫طࢨڤ‬ሽጻࠀᜤᑓ
‫ڤ‬᠏ང੡‫ڍ‬ᖲᑓ‫ڤ‬Δ᠏ང᡹ࡳழၴঞຟપ‫ڇ‬ 1~2 ઞΔ‫ڼ‬
ፖპྎᔚᖲ֘ᚨழၴઌֺࠀ‫᧩ࣔآ‬ऱ՛Δ‫ڇڼڂ‬൶ಘሎ
᠏ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ངழΔ౨‫࢙ܡ‬ฃპྎᔚᖲ֘ᚨଶ‫ڇړ‬ᢰ੺រՂΖ

9. ኚṪṞŘെᛱՀᱹ঵ᑨ‫ו‬՗ᑁೣ՗ဘʠՒ๗ᑁბ 19
3. ԫ౳ভᎁპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิհངੌᕴࠠ‫ॺڶ‬ൄ‫ݶ‬ຒऱଯ࿨
(Blocking) ᤛ࿇౨ԺΔ‫ڇ‬ᖲิᔡ࠹ᒵሁ൷‫چ‬ਚᎽழ౨Օ
༏‫ࠫލ‬ᑉኪ‫פ‬෷ឫ೯Δ‫ڼڂ‬ᖲิ౨‫א‬ለ‫܅‬ऱൎ৫ࠐ๻
ૠΖ௅ᖕ‫ء‬ᑓᚵ࿨࣠Δຍԫរ‫ࠀ׏ۿ‬լ‫إ٤ݙ‬ᒔΔ‫ࡰڇ‬
୾ሎ᠏ᑓ‫ڤ‬Հ૤ሉ֊ངᒔኔլᄎኙპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิທ‫ګ‬
᧩ထऱᑉኪ‫פ‬෷ឫ೯Δ‫܀‬໢ԫᖲิ‫୾ࡰط‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང੡ሽ
ጻࠀᜤᑓ‫ڤ‬ழথᄎኙᖲิข‫ॺس‬ൄՕऱឫ೯Δۖࠟຝᖲ
ิ‫ٵ‬ழࠓᜤሽጻழΔኙᖲิທ‫ګ‬հᓢᚰ‫ޓ‬ՕΔᓢᚰ࿓৫
լ՛࣍ႚอ‫ޡٵ‬࿇ሽᖲิᔡ࠹Կઌ൷‫چ‬ਚᎽհणउΰࠃ
ኔՂᓢᚰ࿓৫ႊီࠓᜤᛳၴհઌߡ஁ۖࡳαΔ‫ڶࠠڼڂ‬
ᑓ‫ڤ‬᠏ང‫פ‬౨հᖲิ‫ؘ‬ႊֺྤ‫פڼ‬౨հᖲิࠠ‫ޓڶ‬Օऱ
ᓢᚰ୲‫ݴ‬౨Ժ๻ૠΰࠏ‫ޓڕ‬ൎႇऱᖲඳൎ৫αΔࠀॺࢬ
‫ڶ‬ᖲীհპྎᔚ࿇ሽᖲิຟ౨‫א‬ለ‫܅‬ऱൎ৫ࠐ๻ૠΖ
Ὢ⚦€೧
D ॴ‫؍‬এᑇ
E ಬሽጤሽᚘ
H ክၦൄᑇ
di ऴၗሽੌ
qi ٌၗሽੌ
J ክၦ
dL ऴၗሽტ
qL ٌၗሽტ
m ᓳ᧢ਐᑇ
N ᠏՗᠏ຒ
p ᄕኙ
elecP ሽ‫פ‬෷
mechP ᖲඳ‫פ‬෷
R ࡳ՗ሽॴ
eT ሽ጖᠏ఢ
mT ᖲඳ᠏ఢ
dv ऴၗሽᚘ
qv ٌၗሽᚘ
V ࠹ሽጤሽᚘ
X ሽ‫ݼ‬
θ ᠏՗ߡ৫
λ ጖ຏ
µ ઌߡ
Eµ ಬሽጤઌߡ
Vµ ࠹ሽጤઌߡ
‫≙א‬ᄽ᪇
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10. 20 ༬ċણӤ Ὦʷ֓ɿֱ Ὦɺቅ ᖁߡʪ֓ɼ౺
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2007 ‫ڣ‬ 03 ִ 01 ֲ ‫گ‬ᒚ
2007 ‫ڣ‬ 04 ִ 02 ֲ ॣᐉ
2008 ‫ڣ‬ 03 ִ 04 ֲ ᓤᐉ
2008 ‫ڣ‬ 03 ִ 06 ֲ ൷࠹