On grid

ON GRID/GRID TIED SOLAR PV SYSTEM FOR
CAPTIVE CONSUMPTION: ADVANTAGES,
LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES
AT
NATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE FOR SOLAR TECHNOLOGY,
BANGALORE, 29th Jan 2013 from 3 – 5 pm.
Organized By

MNRE & KPCL – With TRA INTERNATIONAL, DELHI

Prabhuraj Harakangi BE (E&E), M.Tech (Energy Systems)
Sr. Design Engineer – Solar PV Systems
Ph No: +91 8147814995, e-mail: prabhu@arraytechindia.com

ArrayTech Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru

TYPES OF Solar PV SYSTEMS :

 Stand alone system
 Hybrid /Off Grid System
 Grid Sharing System
 On Grid / Grid Tied System:
1) Net Metering
2) Double metering
3) Captive Consumption


STAND ALONE SYSTEM

MPPT Charge Controller
BATTERY BANK

Soura Bandhu

Solar Frontier CIS Thin
Film Solar Module

DC LOADS


 Stand Alone System: Direct application , which can be used to charge
the battery and use it for the DC loads
 Low Conversion Losses since LOAD is DC
 Charge controller (MPPT or PWM) comes with Dusk to Dawn also
which can be used fir Street Lights
 Stand Alone Inverters can be used to run AC Loads

Limitations:
 Load Dependent, Conventional System for small Loads
 Large Battery Bank required


HYBRID/OFF GRID SYSTEM

Solar Frontier CIS Thin
Film Solar Module

BATTERY BANK

AC
MAINS

AC LOADS


 Prime Source: Battery
 Battery Charging Sources: Solar and Mains
 Load Sources: Cut Off Type
Either Mains – OR – Solar + Battery (Floating or Non Floating)
 Both Savings and Back Up

Limitations:
 Load Dependent and only for Non – Inductive Loads
 Repeated Battery Cycles
 Losses in Electronics and Battery

NOTE: Proper Sizing is Important


GRID SHARING SYSTEM

SOLAR GRID SHARING PCU
Solar
Inverter

Converter and

AC LOADS
Charger

MPPT Charge
Controller

Solar PV Plant BATTERY BANK


 Prime Source: Battery
 Battery Charging Sources:
Solar and Mains DC (Converter)
 Load Sources:
3 DC Sources – Solar PV, Mains, Battery
Either Mains + Solar OR Battery + Solar
 Work with High Inductive Loads
 Better Savings and Back Up with Less Battery Cycles

Limitations:
 Load Dependent
 Higher Cost


On Grid / Grid Tied System:
 The solar modules generate DC electricity. The DC power goes
through a Solar ON Grid Inverter
 Solar Grid Tied Inverter: performs the conversion of the
variable DC output into a clean sinusoidal AC power
 Inverter output connected to Bus Bar (Distribution Panel)
 The Solar Current will be given lead angle in synchronization
process and it will be forcefully injected into the bus bar
 Depending on the type of ON Grid System the revenue or profits
will be gained


SYNCHRONISATION:
The inverter measure the grid (voltage, frequency, phasing) and use
this information to synchronize the internal regulation. It means the
inverter start up with an open grid contactor and with a grid
independent frequency. Then the controller change the internal
frequency, voltage and phasing so long as this is absolute identical to
the given values from the grid. Now the electronic will close a soft
start contactor for pre magnetise the internal transformer. Few parts
of a second later the main grid contactor will close and the inverter
will feed in. If the grid values will be changed during the inverter
feeds in grid monitoring will detect it and the controller will adjust
the internal regulation so that inverter is whole time synchronal to
the grid

NET METERING SYSTEM BUS BAR

UPS
NM

AC LOADS
Grid Supply

Solar PV Plant Grid Tied Inverter


DOUBLE METERING SYSTEM BUS BAR

UPS
EM

AC LOADS
Grid Supply
SM

Grid Tied Inevrter
Solar PV Plant

Protections :
•DC Side modules will be given with SPD, DC Dis-connector Switch which
will protect the Solar System
•For all kinds of faults the Solar Inverter will react first and ISOLATE itself
from the system in Microseconds of time

Advantages :
•Simple and Safe systems which gives Direct Savings and Revenue
•Load Independent system
•Most Efficient System, Very Least Losses & Maintenance Free System
•25 years of Guaranteed Generation with 6-7 Years Payback Period
•1kW of Solar Power Plant Generates 5.5Units of Electricity per Day
•Accelerated Depreciation on the Investment


Limitations:
•No Back up will be given from the system, since solar power directly
utilized
•Stable Grid is a must
•NO Policy from Govt
•Infrastructure problem


CAPTIVE CONSUMPTION SYSTEM
BUS BAR
Grid
AMFD

UPS

AC LOADS
DG

Grid Tied Inevrter
Solar PV Plant

CAPTIVE CONSUMPTION:
Working Principle: SYNCHRONISATION
Feed: Least Resistive Path
Profit: Direct Savings on Electricity Bills
Precautions:
Detailed Load Analysis
DG Rating and Health of DG
Circuit Breaker: To avoid Reverse Flow


CASE STUDY:
Civil Survey:
Location: ……………., State: ……….. And Country:…………
Latitude.... o and Longitude….. o
Shadow free Area Available: …………….. Sq meters
North to South : ………Meters East to West : ……………….. Meters
Type of Roof : Flat Roof or Tilt Roof
If Flat Roof: RCC or any other
If Tilted : Metal Sheet, Asbustus Sheet, RCC roof or any other
Tilt Face south to north or east to west and Tilt Angle…..o,
Obstacles: Cement Columns, AC Fan Units , Chiller Units
and other if any - Height of Obstacle: …….. Meter
Attachments: Google Map, Layout of Site or Photo of Site


Electrical Survey:
Sources of Energy :
Electricity Board:Contract Demand ……. kVA, Peak Load ………..kVA
Diesel Generator: Rating …….. kVA
Make …………… and Life: ……… Years
Other Sources: Please specify with details
Load and Consumption Details :
Load type : 1 Phase or 3 Phase
Type of Loads : Mention Type of Machines and Equipments used
Operating Hours : Hours and …… am to…..pm
(if Load works in 2 or 3 Shifts)
Weekly Holidays :Specify (Only Sunday or Saturday or Half Saturday too)
Consumption : ………….Units (Average of last six months)


ECOMONIC ANALYSIS


Capacity:104 kW Investment : Rs 12480000.00 System Cost: 120Rs/Watt
Units with Annual 5% of MONEY SAVED Depric 30 % of Tax AMC 5% of Total Money
Degradation of 0.5% Escalation iation Savings saved Saved in Each PRINCIPLE
After 10 Years in Tariff money Year PAY BACK
1 Yr 176512.00 7.00 1235584.00 80% 2995200.00 0.00 4230784.00 -8249216.00
2 Yr 175629.44 7.35 1290876.38 5% 37440.00 0.00 1328316.38 -6920899.62
3 Yr 174751.29 7.72 1348643.10 5% 37440.00 0.00 1386083.10 -5534816.51
4 Yr 173877.54 8.10 1408994.88 5% 37440.00 0.00 1446434.88 -4088381.63
5 Yr 173008.15 8.51 1472047.40 5% 37440.00 0.00 1509487.40 -2578894.23
6 Yr 172143.11 8.93 1537921.52 - 0.00 76896.08 1498465.45 -1080428.78
7 Yr 171282.39 9.38 1606743.51 - 0.00 80337.18 1526406.34 445977.55
8 Yr 170425.98 9.85 1678645.28 - 0.00 83932.26 1594713.02 2040690.57
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
21 Yr 159674.61 18.57 2965649.84 - 0.00 148282.49 2817367.35 30585229.40
22 Yr 158876.23 19.50 3098362.67 - 0.00 154918.13 2943444.54 33528673.94
23 Yr 158081.85 20.48 3237014.40 - 0.00 161850.72 3075163.68 36603837.63
24 Yr 157291.44 21.50 3381870.80 - 0.00 169093.54 3212777.26 39816614.88
25 Yr 156504.98 22.58 3533209.52 - 0.00 176660.48 3356549.04 43173163.92


ON GRID SYSTEM WITH FUEL EFFICIENT
Efficiency DIESEL GENERATORS:

Efficiency
Full Load Half Load NO Load Full Load Half Load NO Load
LOAD Applied LOAD Applied

Mechanically Electronically
Controlled Governor Controlled Governor


ON GRID SYSTEM with FUEL EFFICIENT DG BUS BAR

UPS

AC LOADS
Solar PV Plant
Grid Tied Inevrter

Area Of Application:
 HT Loads Like Factories, Hospitals, Offices, School,
Colleges, Hostels, commercial complexes

FINANCIAL POSSIBILITIES:
 Third Party Investment with Accelerated Depreciation
 Finding a buyer at Normal Tariff with REC
 REC Constraints


II Om Bhaskaraye Vidmahe Divakraraye
Dheemahi Tanno Suryah Prachodayat II


On grid

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