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Desconstruindo a web
Willian Molinari (a.k.a PotHix)
Aviso
Willian Molinari
a.k.a PotHix
Plaev
.github.io
Porque dessa talk?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nG1oGfrDiUc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nG1oGfrDiUc
Essa talk se baseia em
Internet
Internet
The dawn of the net
Internet
http://pothix.com
http://pothix.com
http://pothix.com
http://pothix.com
http://pothix.com
É uma URL?
http://pothix.com
“O que significa PotHix”
“O que significa PotHix”
http://pothix.com
É uma URL!
http://pothix.com
http://pothix.com
http://pothix.com
Tem HSTS?
Strict-Transport-Security
http://pothix.com
Tem cache?
Expires Cache-Control
http://pothix.com
Protocolo: http://
Domínio: pothix.com
Path: /
Tem cache de
DNS?
Chrome
Faz cache de DNS
http://aosabook.org/en/posa/high-performance-networking-in-chrome.html
getaddrinfo()
sistema
operacional
glibc
I’m watching you!
n
u
glibc -> /etc/hosts
nss/nss_files/files-hosts.c
glibc -> getaddrinfo()
sysdeps/posix/getaddrinfo.c
2321 getaddrinfo (const char *name, const char *service,
2322 const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **pai)
2323 {
getaddrinfo()
Tem nscd para
cache de DNS?
Internet
- glibc
POSIX
Aplicação
Apresentação
Sessão
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
Modelo
OSI
Aplicação
Apresentação
Sessão
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
Modelo
OSI
S
R
L
Y
?
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
Sessão
Apresentação
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
SO
user
TCP / UDP
DNSAplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
IP
Ethernet / Wi-Fi
010101001011
DNS
TCP / UDP
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
IP
Ethernet / Wi-Fi
010101001011
código disponível em: chromium/src/net/dns
getaddrinfo()
__socket() & __connect()
sysdeps/posix/getaddrinfo.c
2515 fd = __socket (af, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP);
[...]
2526 [...] && __connect (fd, q->ai_addr, q->ai_addrlen) == 0
terminal
$ sudo strace -f -e bind,socket,fork,connect -p $(ps aux | grep chromium | grep
-v nacl | awk '{ print $2}' | xargs echo | sed 's/ /,/g')
[...]
[pid 8739] socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 134
[pid 8739] connect(134, {sa_family=AF_INET6, sin6_port=htons(53), inet_pton
(AF_INET6, "2001:4860:4860::8888", &sin6_addr), sin6_flowinfo=0,
sin6_scope_id=0}, 28) = -1 ENETUNREACH (Network is unreachable)
[pid 9010] socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 134
[pid 9010] connect(134, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(0),
sin_addr=inet_addr("192.30.252.154")}, 16) = 0
[pid 8739] socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 134
[pid 8739] connect(134, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(80),
sin_addr=inet_addr("192.30.252.154")}, 16) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in
progress)
[...]
Syscalls in action! (*stripped)
terminal
$ sudo strace -f -e bind,socket,fork,connect -p $(ps aux | grep chromium | grep
-v nacl | awk '{ print $2}' | xargs echo | sed 's/ /,/g')
[...]
[pid 8739] socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 134
[pid 8739] connect(134, {sa_family=AF_INET6, sin6_port=htons(53), inet_pton
(AF_INET6, "2001:4860:4860::8888", &sin6_addr), sin6_flowinfo=0,
sin6_scope_id=0}, 28) = -1 ENETUNREACH (Network is unreachable)
[pid 9010] socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 134
[pid 9010] connect(134, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(0),
sin_addr=inet_addr("192.30.252.154")}, 16) = 0
[pid 8739] socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 134
[pid 8739] connect(134, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(80),
sin_addr=inet_addr("192.30.252.154")}, 16) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in
progress)
[...]
Syscalls in action! (*stripped)
UDP para ipv6
nope :(
UDP
ipv4
request
Happy eyebals (rfc6555): https://www.ietf.org/mail-
archive/web/v6ops/current/msg22455.html
AAAA
A
Browser
sitev6
sitev4
de acordo com a rfc6555
AAAA
A
Browser
sitev6
sitev4
de acordo com a rfc6555
AAAA
A
Browser
sitev6
sitev4RST
de acordo com a rfc6555
DNSAplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
TCP / UDP
IP
Ethernet / Wi-Fi
010101001011
UDP/IP
linux/blob/master/net/ipv4/udp.c
UDP
Conteúdo
Endereço (IP)
?
DNSAplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
TCP / UDP
IP
Ethernet / Wi-Fi
010101001011
DNSAplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
TCP / UDP
IP
Mágica, bro!
A visual explanation of how dns lookups work
Via dnstracer: `dnstracer -s . -4 -o pothix.com`
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET [.] (198.41.0.4)
a.gtld-servers.net [com] (192.5.6.30)
ns1.dreamhost.com [pothix.com]
(66.33.206.206) Got authoritative answer
ns1.dreamhost.com (66.33.206.206)
pothix.com -> 192.30.252.153
ns1.dreamhost.com (66.33.206.206)
pothix.com -> 192.30.252.154
Internet
glibc
DNS
TCP/IP
UDP/IP
POSIX
Internet
glibc
DNS
TCP/IP
UDP/IP
POSIX
HTTP
HTTP/HTTPS
TCP / UDP
IP
Ethernet / Wi-Fi
010101001011
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
HTTP/HTTPS
TCP / UDP
IP
Ethernet / Wi-Fi
010101001011
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
TCP
linux/blob/master/net/ipv4/tcp.c
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol
ACK
SYN + ACK
ACK
Three way handshake
LISTENINGSYN
LISTENSYNSENT
SYN+ACK
LISTEN
SYN
RECEIVED
SYNSENT
SYN
RECEIVED
SYNSENTESTABLISHED
ACK
ESTABLISHEDSYNSENTESTABLISHED
É NÓIS! É NÓIS!
HTTP/HTTPS
TCP / UDP
IP
Ethernet / Wi-Fi
010101001011
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
HTTPS
TLS = fork(SSLv3)
SSLv3 is no longer supported in chrome
HTTP/HTTPS
TCP / UDP
IP
Ethernet / Wi-Fi
010101001011
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
TLS
TLS
conexão estabelecida
client hello
(CIPHERS, URL)
Os primeiros milisegundos de uma conexão HTTPS
https://cc.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/
conexão estabelecida
Server hello
(certificado, CIPHER)
TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5
public
key
crypt hash
conexão estabelecida
Data válida?
CA confiável?
Assinatura válida?
URL esperada?
conexão estabelecida
conexão estabelecida
Gerei uma parada aqui
(pre_master secret)
!^*@#$&!@(#$&!@#)$^$^
TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5
conexão estabelecida
!!@U#$N!Y*@#$*
master secret
TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5
conexão estabelecida
É NÓIS!
TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5
criptografia
dos dados
verificação contra
conteúdo “batizado”
É NÓIS!
TLSHTTP HTTP
Internet
headers
url
cookies
headers
url
cookies
HTTP/HTTP2
chromium - net/http & net/spdy
Rafael Rinaldi
Dissecando o protocolo HTTP/2
HTTP 1x via telnet
$ telnet pothix.com 80
Trying 192.30.252.153...
Connected to pothix.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: pothix.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: GitHub.com
...
terminal
HTTP/HTTPS
TCP / UDP
IP
Ethernet / Wi-Fi
010101001011
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
HTTP/HTTPS
TCP / UDP
IP
Ethernet / Wi-Fi
010101001011
Aplicação
Transporte
Rede
Enlace
Físico
papers/Vipin_Analysis_of_open_source_WLAN_driver_paper.pdf
➔ net/ipv4/tcp.c
➔ include/net/cfg80211.h
➔ net/wireless/nl80211.c
➔ include/net/mac80211.h
➔ drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/
Internetglibc
DNS
TCP/IP
UDP/IP
HTTP
POSIX
a/b/g/n/ac
a/b/g/n/ac
Carrier
Sense
Multiple
Access
Collision
Avoidance
G
GB
G
glibc
DNS
TCP/IP
UDP/IP
HTTP
POSIX
Internet
# traceroute -T pothix.com
traceroute to pothix.com (192.30.252.153), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 palantir (192.168.1.1) 8.718 ms 8.769 ms 8.868 ms
2 10.18.128.1 (10.18.128.1) 25.058 ms 25.673 ms 27.189 ms
3 c8bd5001.virtua.com.br (200.189.80.1) 29.071 ms 29.073 ms 29.068 ms
4 embratel-T0-7-2-0-tacc01.spoph.embratel.net.br (200.178.127.57) 32.917 ms
embratel-T0-4-1-0-uacc03.spomb.embratel.net.br (189.42.182.37) 31.734 ms
embratel-T0-1-0-2-uacc04.spoph.embratel.net.br (201.56.189.9) 36.481 ms
5 ebt-H0-1-0-0-tcore01.spolp.embratel.net.br (200.230.1.242) 37.800 ms
200.244.212.73 (200.244.212.73) 37.803 ms
200.244.212.81 (200.244.212.81) 41.446 ms
6 ebt-BP1082-intl02.nyk.embratel.net.br (200.230.220.30) 204.822 ms
ebt-B11121-intl02.nyk.embratel.net.br (200.230.251.254) 192.381 ms
ebt-BP11521-intl02.nyk.embratel.net.br (200.230.220.174) 189.936 ms
7 fa-0-0-0.r23.nycmny01.us.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.202.185) 192.297 ms 172.074 ms 172.013 ms
8 ae-9.r22.asbnva02.us.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.2.149) 171.973 ms 167.012 ms 166.951 ms
9 ae-44.r06.asbnva02.us.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.6.113) 166.888 ms 166.873 ms
ae-45.r05.asbnva02.us.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.5.137) 212.669 ms
10 xe-0-3-0-18.r05.asbnva02.us.ce.gin.ntt.net (129.250.197.70) 202.448 ms
xe-0-9-0-16.r06.asbnva02.us.ce.gin.ntt.net (129.250.197.74) 201.593 ms 202.489 ms
11 pages.github.com (192.30.252.153) 171.337 ms * *
TCP meu router
github pages
USA backbone
backbone
embratel
NET
Internet
Nginx conf file
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com weight=5;
server backend2.example.com:8080;
server unix:/tmp/backend3;
server backup1.example.com:8080 backup;
server backup2.example.com:8080 backup;
}
...
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html#server
TCP
Unix Socket
Internet
assets
TCP
http://12factor.net/port-binding
HTTP parsing
ragel vindo lá do velho mongrel*
*de acordo com o documento de design do unicorn
Internet
assets
TCP
Webserver -> Framework
baseado no PEP3333
Internet
assets
TCP
lib/rails/application.rb
Rack -> Rails
mais informações no post do timaro no omniref
É um Rack application
...
# Implements call according to the Rack API. It simply
# dispatches the request to the underlying middleware stack.
def call(env)
env["ORIGINAL_FULLPATH"] = build_original_fullpath(env)
env["ORIGINAL_SCRIPT_NAME"] = env["SCRIPT_NAME"]
super(env)
end
...
mais informações no post do timaro no omniref
Informações do Rack
{"GATEWAY_INTERFACE"=>"CGI/1.1",
"PATH_INFO"=>"/favicon.ico",
"QUERY_STRING"=>"",
"REMOTE_ADDR"=>"127.0.0.1",
"REMOTE_HOST"=>"localhost.localdomain",
"REQUEST_METHOD"=>"GET",
"REQUEST_URI"=>"http://localhost:9292/favicon.
ico",
"SCRIPT_NAME"=>"",
"SERVER_NAME"=>"localhost",
"SERVER_PORT"=>"9292",
"SERVER_PROTOCOL"=>"HTTP/1.1",
"SERVER_SOFTWARE"=>"WEBrick/1.3.1 (Ruby/2.2.3
/2015-08-18)",
"HTTP_HOST"=>"localhost:9292",
"HTTP_CONNECTION"=>"keep-alive",
"HTTP_USER_AGENT"=>"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux
x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/46.0.2490.71 Safari/537.36",
"HTTP_ACCEPT"=>"*/*",
"HTTP_REFERER"=>"http://localhost:9292/",
"HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING"=>"gzip, deflate, sdch",
"HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE"=>"en-US,en;q=0.8,pt-BR;q=0.
6,pt;q=0.4,es;q=0.2,eo;q=0.2", "rack.version"=>[1,
2],
"rack.multithread"=>true, "rack.multiprocess"
=>false, "rack.run_once"=>false, "rack.url_scheme"
=>"http", "HTTP_VERSION"=>"HTTP/1.1",
"REQUEST_PATH"=>"/favicon.ico"}
Rails::Engine
Todas as apps são Engines
mais informações no post do timaro no omniref
mais informações no post do timaro no omniref
Rack middlewares
[
Rack::Sendfile,
ActionDispatch::Static, Rack::Lock,
#<ActiveSupport::Cache::Strategy::LocalCache::
Middleware:0x000000028fa168>,
Rack::Runtime, Rack::MethodOverride,
ActionDispatch::RequestId,
Rails::Rack::Logger,
ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions,
WebConsole::Middleware,
ActionDispatch::DebugExceptions,
ActionDispatch::RemoteIp,
ActionDispatch::Reloader,
ActionDispatch::Callbacks,
ActiveRecord::Migration::CheckPending,
ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::
ConnectionManagement,
ActiveRecord::QueryCache,
ActionDispatch::Cookies,
ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore,
ActionDispatch::Flash,
ActionDispatch::ParamsParser,
Rack::Head,
Rack::ConditionalGet,
Rack::ETag
]
ActionDispatch
::Journey::Router
a primeira parte do seu código a ser tocada
mais informações no post do timaro no omniref
req.path_parameters
=> {:controller=>"pages", :action=>"home"}
ActionDispatch::Routing
::RouteSet::Dispatcher
achando o controller via rotas
mais informações no post do timaro no omniref
ActiveSupport::Dependencies.constantize("#{params[:controller].camelize}Controller")
=> PagesController
ActionController::Metal
prepara o request e manda processar
mais informações no post do timaro no omniref
def dispatch(name, request) #:nodoc:
[...]
process(name)
AbstractController::Base
encaminha para o seu controller
mais informações no post do timaro no omniref
def process(action, *args)
[...]
process_action(action_name, *args) # que no fim é só um `send`
Internet
assets
TCP
MV
VM
C
Internet
assets
TCP
MV
VM
C
Internet
assets
TCP
MV
VM
C
pega aí Rack -> [status, header, body]
mais informações no post do timaro no omniref
ActionDispatch
::Journey::Router
Internet
assets
TCP
MV
VM
C
Internet
assets
TCP
MV
VM
C
Internet
assets
TCP
MV
VM
C
Internet
assets
TCP
MV
VM
C
glibc
DNS
TCP/IP
UDP/IP
HTTP
POSIX
Internet
glibc
DNS
TCP/IP
UDP/IP
HTTP
POSIX
Internet
glibc
DNS
TCP/IP
UDP/IP
HTTP
POSIX
Internet
glibc
DNS
TCP/IP
UDP/IP
HTTP
POSIX
Internet
glibc
DNS
TCP/IP
UDP/IP
HTTP
POSIX
Internet
c-c-c-combo breaker
HTML
exemplos retirados do post “How browsers work”
algoritmo de parsing
implementado no webkit do chrome
HEAD
exemplos retirados do post “How browsers work”
algoritmo de parsing
implementado no webkit do chrome
HTML syntax error
<img src=”http://pothix.com/avatar.gif”> thread
<img src=”http://pothix.com/esperanto.png”> thread
<img src=”http://pothix.com/fotodasferias.scr”> thread
<script src=”http://pothix.com/marotagem.js”> sincrono
<script src=”http://pothix.com/estiloso.css”> thread
<script src=”http://pothix.com/javaescrito.js”> sincrono
<img src=”http://pothix.com/fotodasferias.jpg”>
<img src=”http://pothix.com/avatar.gif”> thread
<img src=”http://pothix.com/esperanto.png”> thread
<img src=”http://pothix.com/fotodasferias.scr”> thread
<script src=”http://pothix.com/marotagem.js”> sincrono
<script src=”http://pothix.com/estiloso.css”> thread
<script src=”http://pothix.com/javaescrito.js”> sincrono
<img src=”http://pothix.com/fotodasferias.jpg”>
exemplos retirados do post “How browsers work”
exemplos retirados do post “How browsers work”
Diego Eis: DOM, CSSOM e RenderThree - Introdução ao Browser Render Path
Resumindo
essa bagaça
glibc
MV
VM
C
Internet
Internet
Não acredite em mágica
entenda como funciona de verdade
ceeeeerto.
Seja curioso
conhecimento nunca é demais
Perguntas?
Willian Molinari
@PotHix
pothix@pothix.com
Slides: https://goo.gl/cC36RM
S
R
L
Y
?
The browser

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