The document discusses affixes, which are word parts added to existing words to create new words. It describes prefixes, which are added to the beginning of words, and suffixes, which are added to the end. Some common prefixes discussed are anti-, bi-, dis-, mis-, non-, pre-, re-, semi-, sub-, and un-. Some common suffixes discussed are -able, -dom, -en, -ful, -hood, -ish, -less, -ly, -ment, -ness, and -ous. The document also discusses roots, which carry the core meaning of words and are combined with prefixes and suffixes. Examples of roots discussed are biblio, logy, micro, ped, and phon

3. Affixes
are word parts added to words.

5. Prefixes
A prefix is a letter or group of
letters added to the beginning
of a word to create a new
word with a different meaning.

6. When adding a prefix,
do not change the
spelling of the original
word.
 Examples:
 Dis + satisfy = dissatisfy
 Mis + spell = misspell
 Im + mature = immature

7.  A prefix is a word part
added before a root. The
word created from a prefix
and a root reflects the
meanings of both of its
parts.

8. Anti-
 Opposition
 against
 Antibodies
 Antiwar
 Antifreeze
 Antipathy
 antithesis

9. Bi-
 2  Bimonthly
 Biannual
 Bible
 Bicarbonate
 Bicycle
 Bicentennial
 Biceps
 Bilingual

10. Dis-
 Negation
 Reversal
 removal
 Disarmed
 Disable
 Discharge

11. Mis-
 Error
 Wrongness
 Misnamed
 Miscarriage
 Misadventure
Misappropriate
 Misbehave
 Miscalculate
 Miscellaneous
 Mischief

12. Non-
 not  Nonentity
 Nonnegiotiable
 Non-profit
 Non-renewable
 Nonsense
 Non-smoker
 Non-stick
 Non-stop

13. Pre-
 Earlier
 Prior to
 before
 Prehistoric
 Preview
 Prefix
 Preclude
 Prevent

14. Re-
 again  Restoration
 Repetition
 Remove
 Revisit
 Reappear
 Recur
 Replant
 Revoke

15. Semi-
 Part
 Partial
 half
 Semiconscious
 Semicircle
 Semicolon ;
 Semiofficial
 Semiprivate

16. Sub-
 Under
 Beneath
 Inferior
 Less than
 Subculture
 Subordinate
 Submarine
 Substandard

17. Un-
 Reversal
 Not
 Contrary to
 Unlock
 Undo
 Unhappy
 Unnecessary
 Unwilling

18. Suffixes
A suffix is a letter or group of
letters added to the end of a
word to create a word with a
different meaning.

19.  When adding the suffix –ness or –ly, do
not change the spelling of the original
word.
 Examples:
 Plain + ness = plainness
 Casual + ly = casually
 Exception:
 For most words ending in y, change the
y to i before adding –ness or –ly.
 Empty + ness = emptiness
 Busy + ly = busily

20. 2 main types of suffixes
 Produces a grammatical signal of some
kind. Does not greatly change the
meaning. (-s, -ed, -ing)
 Creates new words

21. -able
 Worthy of
 Inclined to
 likely
 Debatable
 Knowledgeable
 Tolerable

22. -dom
 Condition of being
 State
 rank
 Boredom
 Freedom
 Serfdom
 Wisdom

23. -en
 Causing to have or
gain
 Made of
 like
 Lengthen
 Shorten
 Ashen
 Wooden

24. -ful
 Fullness
 Abundance
 Marked by
 Playful
 Useful
 Thankful
 Useful

25. -hood
 State, condition or
quality of
 Childhood
 Manhood
 Womanhood
 Statehood
 Neighborhood

26. -ish
 Having qualities or
characteristics of
 Childish
 Impish

27. -less
 without  Childless
 Careless
 Countless
 Hopeless

28. -ly
 Characteristic of
 In a specified
manner
 Manly
 Womanly
 Carefully
 Kingly
 Yearly

29. -ment
 Product
 Action
 state
 Measurement
 Pavement
 Apartment

30. -ness
 State or condition of
 quality
 Happiness
 Kindness
 Shortness

31. -ous
 Possessing
 Full of
 Joyous
 nebulous

32. Roots
 Foundation on which a word is built
 Carries the word’s core meaning
 Part to which prefixes & suffixes are
added
 Many come from Greek & Latin

33.  Some roots come from base words &
are relatively easy to define.
 Example:
 ‘See’ in foreseeable

34.  Other roots may be more difficult to
define
 Examples:
 Diversion ( -vers- , “turn” )
 Inspiration ( -spir- , “breathe” )

35. biblio
 books  Bibliography
 Bibliophile

36. logy
 Study of theory of  Biology
 Theology
 Sociology
 Psychology
 Logic

37. micro
 Small
 Smaller part within
 Microbiology
 Microscope
 Microbe
 Microcosm
 Micro-chip
 Micro-computer
 Microphone
 Microwave

38. ped
 Foot
 feet
 Moped
 Pedal
 Peddle
 Peddler
 Pedestrian
 Pedometer

39. phon
 sound  Microphone
 Phonics
 Phonograph
 Telephone
 “E T phone home.”