Conference: Sustainable Wastewater Management in River Basin Management Plans in Baltic Sea Region Sustainable Sanitation in Eastern Europe and Germany

1. www.wecf.eu

2. Sustainable Sanitation in Eastern Europe and Germany Claudia Wendland Margriet Samwel WECF (Women in Europe for a Common Future) Gdynia 19/11/2009

6. Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive - UWWTD (1991/271/EEC) Regulations instituted by the "Urban Wastewater Treatment" directive for agglomerations having between 2,000 and 10,000 PE: Parameter Concentration (min % of reduction) Biochemical oxygen demand [BOD 5 at 20°C] 25 mg/l O 2 (70-90 %) Chemical oxygen demand [COD] 125 mg/l O 2 (75 %) Total suspended solids [SS] 35 mg/l In case of in sensitive areas which are subject to eutrophication, further requirements are N and P removal.

7. Population in agglomerations with less than 2,000 pe in different countries

10. Why Sustainable Sanitation?

11. Conventional decentralised/onsite systems Pollution!! Pit latrines Septic tanks groundwater

12. Health risks of conventional sanitation systems in rural areas

17. Appropriate Sustainable Sanitation Options are available Sanitation problems in rural areas are not addressed by the UWWTD. They should be addressed in the RBMP (not only under diffuse pollution).

18. Water Scarcity Microbial Risks, Environmental Contamination Sustainable Sanitation addresses the following issues -1: -> Safe handling of excreta (this is counteracted by dilution which takes place in the conventional sanitation system) -> Reuse of water (from wastewater streams which are part of the water cycle  greywater )

19. Malnutrition -> Reuse of nutrients and soil conditioning materials contained in excreta (related to food cycle) Wasting of Financial Resources -> Decentralized concepts at least in rural areas (avoiding sewer systems which are consuming around 70 % of investment in conventional sanitation) Sustainable Sanitation addresses the following issues-2:

20. Examples from Germany

24. Urine-Tank 10 Persons (Glass-Resin) Potential problems with use of urine: residues of pharmaceuticals and hormones Problem is relevant in flush- sanitation, too: direct link to water supply Fertilizer for 200 to 400 m² in agriculture is produced per person 6 month storage work into brown land

25. Lübeck-Flintenbreite Flintenbreite Reed bed for greywater

26. Greywater treatment

27. Vacuumstation Vacuum Toilette Vacuum-Biogas-System

28. Waterless urinals in many public toilets in Germany standard (e.g. company Keramag)

29. Examples from WECF

36. Demonstration of UDD toilet

37. Household toilets based on UDDT

38. Household UDD Toilet indoor

39. Closing the cycle of Nutrients

41. Professional Network world-wide Sustainable Sanitation Alliance - SuSanA

44. Thank you! [email_address] www.wecf.eu