1. Modéliser la ressource web,
contextualiser la référence :
des enjeux pour le patrimoine numérique
Philoweb’10
nicolas.delaforge@inria.fr
Equipe Edelweiss – INRIA Sophia Antipolis
Modeling the Web Resource,
extracting the context :
Stakes for the digital memory

2. Motivating scenario
Bookmark overload
- Every day usage of bookmarks is boring
- The Bookmark model hasn’t changed since Netscape
- The Bookmark reference is inaccurate
- BM is very difficult to reuse out of the browser
Yet, Bookmarking system is one of
the main way to access WWW
(after Google of course...)

3. Motivating scenario
What are people doing online ??
- Looking for information
 Tutorials, Wikipedia…
 RSS, Google alerts
- Producing information
 Communicating about themselves
- Doing some social activity
 Twitter, Facebook, Blogs, Forums,…
- Checking news about web sites or topics of interest
 Business Intelligence
- Using online applications or services
 Webmail, Google docs
 e-commerce, e-banking, e-administration
 Intranet
Different activities,
Different objects,
but a single tool to organize all.

4. Is that all we can do?

5. Motivating scenario
Why is this technology so poor ?
Why is it so difficult to design orientation tools ?
Web User Point of View

7. Possible part of the answer
Once again…the technique is in advance over theory
- The Web has evolved really fast
- This evolution was mainly technology-driven
- Lack of definitions
 Mainly technical definitions are available
Questions to be answered :
- What is a Web site ?
- What is a Web page ?
- What is behind a Web reference ?
- Is the Web made of digital documents or is it a big soup
of web resources?

8. Web resources are :
- growing
- heterogenous
Observation #1

9. IPv6 : Adresses multiplication
667 x 1015 IP adresses per mm2

10. Internet of Things

11. RFID

12. QR Codes

13. Semantic Web
The Web of Data

14. RDF : Identity Crisis
HTTP code 303
Source : H. Halpin, V. Presutti
Information Resource
vs.
Non Information Resource

15. URI : W3C Best Practices
Source : W3C, http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/
Content Negociation
(Conneg)
Linking Open Data (LOD)

16. May 2007
April 2008
September 2008
March 2009
Linking
Open Data

17. Linking
Open Data
September 2010

18. How to avoid
disorientation ?
http://www.dbpedia.org/id/EiffelTower
http://www.dbpedia.org/doc/EiffelTower
dbpedia://resource/EiffelTower

19. Web reference is unreliable
Observation #2

20. HTTP 404
Page not found
No Web without
the 404 error code.

21. Dynamic
Web sites
First instability cause :
A (potential) content
generation at every request

22. Dynamic
Web sites
Second instability cause :
client scripts execution
during the reading.

23. Resident Evil
« Pour être sûr que je demeure fidèle à ma résolution de ne pas
accepter comme vrai rien qui ne soit pas absolument certain,
j’assumerai délibérément qu’un démon tout-puissant est
continuellement en train de me tromper au sujet de l’existence
du monde physique, incluant même mon propre corps. »
Méditations Métaphysiques, Descartes

24. Proof by Example
Capturing a web site homepage
« Le Monde »

25. 11th October 12th October

26. Documentation initiatives & Tools
Observation #3

27. Private Libraries

28. Web Archiving French Legal Deposit
IIPC
Wayback Machine…
Petabox – Wayback Machine

29. Social Bookmarking

30. Social Tagging

31. Content syndication

32. Scrapping
Wozaik Zotero

33. Cartography

34. The Web native
documentation model
is insufficient.
What do we refer ?
Observation #4

35. Page based model
How to refer a web site
as a whole?
Homepage

36. Looks like a document but…
Is it?
Excel
Google Docs
URL
HTML Source Code

37. HTML5 + Javascript new API
Web pages are becoming Web applications
- Future of the web :
 an open repository of Web applications ?
Yes this is
a Web page !

38. Hypothesis

39. Building a Conceptual Framework
Assertions
- Modeling the Web objects and their references will
help to design orientation solutions
- Reference types can only be defined from a user
point of view

40. Web Page
What it is :
A Web re-presentation (of a resource state)
An Information Medium
+
An Iteraction Device
What it is not :
A Memory extension (Tertiary Retention) *
A Document
*this property confers a great communication reactivity (data stream ?)

41. Web spaces
The Web is made of several layers
P : Pages available through HTTP.
S : Web services available through HTTP
D : Data available through HTTP

42. Web spaces
Intersection Kind of Resources
P* Web 1.0
S* Web services for composition
D* Open Databases (RDF ou autres, sitemaps, LDAP…)
SP Web 2.0, RIA, collaborative sites, e-commerce, e-banking…
DS Connectors, Data convertors, SPARQL End points, OKKAM…
DP RDFa annotated pages (ex : OGP), Microformats, Microdata
DPS Pages « conneg ready », DBPedia
* exclusive

43. Webmark : Enhanced Bookmark
Webmark, aims
- To redesign the management of the references
- To analyse the intentionnality of the marking
- To exploit the context of the marking
- To propose dedicated services according
to the kind of the marking.

44. Intentionnality of the Marking
Identified kinds of marking
- Content mark
 interest for the content of the resource
- Location mark
 Interest for a place, a community
- Application mark
 Alias to favorite online applications
- Interest Mark
 The famous “I like it” or FOAF interest
- Composition Mark
 A service to be used later in a process

45. Let’s play
What kind of
reference is it ?

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53. Thank you for
your attention

54. Questions ?