2015 is an exceptional year for sustainable development. It is the target year for achieving the MDGs and the year for agreeing on a new set of SDGs in the framework of the post-2015 Development Agenda. In September 2015, 17 SDGs will replace 8 MDGs at the United Nations Summit on the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Many of the 17 SDGs and their associated 169 targets are intertwined and closely related. There are growing calls for the Goals to be implemented through an integrated framework to use resources more efficiently and optimize desired outcomes. This lecture will frame the Water-Energy-Food Nexus perspective as a crucial planning and policy instrument for implementing the SDGs, stressing the opportunities and challenges for operationalizing the concept and highlighting the approaches undertaken by Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) - a global partnership programme launched by the UN Secretary General to mobilize international action on the Energy Goal (i.e. SDG 7 - access to modern, affordable and sustainable energy for all).

1. J
Vienna University of Technology, Tuesday 6 October, 2015
From MDGs to SDGs: Operationalizing the Water-
Energy-Food Nexus
Paul T. Yillia (Program Manager - Water-Energy Nexus)

2. 2
Abstract:
2015 is the target year for achieving the MDGs and the year for agreeing on a new
set of SDGs. In September 2015, 17 SDGs replaced 8 MDGs at the
United Nations Summit on the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Many of the 17
SDGs and their 169 targets are intertwined and closely related.
There are growing calls for the Goals to be implemented through an integrated
framework to use resources more efficiently and optimize desired outcomes.
This lecture will frame the Water-Energy-Food Nexus perspective as
a crucial policy and planning instrument for implementing the SDGs,
stressing the opportunities and challenges for operationalizing
the concept and highlighting the approaches undertaken by
SE4All - a global partnership programme launched by the UN Secretary
General to mobilize international action on SDG 7.

3. 3
1 Goal: Achieving Sustainable Energy for All by 2030
3 Objectives: Access, Efficiency, Renewables

4. 4
Ensuring universal
Access to modern
forms of Energy
Doubling the share
of Renewable
Energy in total
energy mix
Achieving the three
objectives of SE4All…
Doubling the rate of
improvement in
Energy Efficiency
… makes many
development goals
possible
▪ Improved health
Improved agricultural
productivity
▪ Empowerment of
women
▪ Business and
employment creation
▪ Economic development
▪ Achievement of the
Millennium
Development Goals
▪ Lighting/appliances that
require less power
▪ Fossil fuel resources used
more effectively
▪ Reduced energy costs for
consumers
▪ Redistribution of
electricity that now is
wasted or lost
▪ More reliable electricity
systems
▪ Affordable energy even
where grid does not
reach
▪ New opportunities for
small entrepreneurs
▪ Decreased variability in
energy costs
▪ Energy security and
reduced import bills
▪ Reduced environmental
impacts
Energy cuts across sustainable development issues
Pursuing three objectives simultaneously bring about immense benefits

5. 5
One Goal: Achieving Sustainable Energy for All by 2030
High-impact
opportunity initiatives
to mobilise multi-
stakeholder
partnerships,
commitments and
investment linked to key
Action Areas
Global Action Agenda, with a set
of Action Areas, will facilitate dialogues and
guide action towards SE4ALL goal globally
Businesses
Energy companies
Financial players
All companies
Governments
National governments
Public institutions
Cities and municipalities
Multilateral organizations
Bilateral development partners
Civil society
Organization
Academic institutions
Individuals Monitoring and Progress Tracking
to recognize achievements, share
lessons and ensure accountability
Country Action to
accelerate progress
toward nationally-
tailored sustainable
energy for all
objectives, based on
country’s own action
plans and programmes
All parties must act… …and work together to realize a world with Sustainable Energy for All
Energy
efficiency
Renewable
energy
Energy
access

6. 6
SE4All Global Network
 85 Opt-in countries (including 30 initial focus countries)
 8 Regional or Thematic Hubs
 2 Global Facilitation Teams
 49 Advisory Board Members
 12 Executive Committee Members

7. 7
15partners
v1
23partners
v2
• Launched in 2013 by 15 organizations, led by the
WB, ESMAP & IEA
• GTF suggests indicators for SE4All objectives on
energy access, efficiency and renewables
Tracking SDG 7: SE4All Global Tracking Framework

8. 8
SE4All Country Action
85 Partner-countries in the developing world
44 Rapid Assessments/Gap Analysis done
30 initial Focus Countries for 2014
National Focal points drive process
Development partners working together
Africa and Middle East (44) Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,
Chad, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Egypt, Ethiopia ,
Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea-Conakry, Kenya, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Americas and Caribbean (21) Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay
Asia Pacific (14) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Fiji, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka
Europe and CIS (6) Armenia, Kyrgyztan, Moldova, Montenegro, Tajikistan, Turkey

9. 9
 27 SE4All Action Agendas and
 16 SE4All Investment Prospectuses
currently under development or have already been finalized:
Action Agendas:
Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, DRC, Ecuador, Ethiopia,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Nepal,
Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zimbabwe
Investment Prospectuses:
Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea,
Honduras, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Senegal,
Tanzania
SE4All Country Action

10. 10
• Governments, business, organizations and civil society:
- Hundreds of billion dollars in commitments announced at Rio+20, benefitting, among others, some
one billion people over the next decades. European and US commitments alone means we can halve
energy poverty by 2030.
• National/Local level
– 100 countries (85 developing countries) already involved, spanning four continents. Streamlined
process to catalyze country action: gap analysis (with support from UNDP, regional development
banks, World Bank and other partners), creation of national actions plans, implementation,
monitoring. 30 initial focus countries, in the first phase.
– Many municipalities (e.g. cities, towns) taking strong actions for sustainable energy, e.g. through the
newly created SE4All Global Energy Efficiency Accelerator Platform.
• Regional/International level
– EU Sustainable Energy for All Summit: Commitment to Sustainable Energy for All (500 M more people
energy access by 2030)
– Declaration by Energy Ministers of Africa
– Declaration by Small Island Developing States and Least Developed Countries
– Clean Energy Ministerial commitment to SE4All
• Global processes
– UN General Assembly: Year (2012) and Decade of Sustainable Energy for All
Rio+20: “We are all determined to make sustainable energy for all a reality”
– UNGA: UN Decade on Sustainable Energy for All (2014-20124)
– OWG-SDG: Energy one of the proposed goals (SDG-7) for the global post-2015 agenda
Growing the SE4All movement:
Strong Commitments to Sustainable Energy for All

11. 11

12. 12
Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 2 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Goal 4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Goal 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Goal 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Goal 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and
decent work for all
Goal 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Goal 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries
Goal 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Goal 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Goal 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*
Goal 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
Goal 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Goal 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all
and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Goal 17 Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable
development
Post-2015 Development Agenda

13. 13
…..more ambitious agenda requires even more ambitious actions
Post-2015 Development Agenda
1st FfD, Monterrey, 2002:
$50 billion per year to pay for
the 8 MDGs.
3rd FfD, Addis Ababa, 2015:
$2.5 trillion per year needed
in developing countries to achieve the
17 SDGs (UNCTAD)

14. 14
7.1 by 2030 ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services
7.2 increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030
7.3 double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030
7.a by 2030 enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technologies,
including renewable energy, energy efficiency, and advanced and cleaner fossil fuel technologies, and promote
investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technologies
7.b by 2030 expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for
all in developing countries, particularly LDCs and SIDS
Investment from both the public and private
sectors will need to triple to more than $1
trillion per year to achieve SDG7 by
2030
$42 billion per year needed to meet
Africa’s energy demand by 2040, including a
tenfold increase in private
investment over current levels (AfDB)
Post-2015 Development Agenda

15. 15
• “Energy is the golden thread that connects economic growth, increased
social equity and an environment that allows the world to thrive.”
-- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
• “Ending poverty and ensuring sustainable development are the
defining challenges of our time. Energy is central to both.”
-- Jim Yong Kim - World Bank Group President
 The three objectives of SE4ALL provide an important entry point to
climate change mitigation, keeping the world below a maximum
average 2 degrees Celsius temperature rise
 Sustainable development and poverty eradication can go hand in
hand with mitigating climate risks
Energy is central to development

16. 16
Energy the single most important element for transforming
developing economies.
“Access to sustainable energy for all is essential for strengthening economies,
eliminating poverty, protecting ecosystems, and achieving a more
equitable society. Energy is at the heart of the core interest of all each and
every country or business – whether it is for health, education, the
empowerment of women, food production, security, the mitigation
of climate change, the creation of new jobs or the expansion of
markets”………………Jim Yong Kim.
Energy is central to development

17. 17
The Report of the Finance Committee is available online at
www.se4all.org/2015/01/31/financing-sustainable-energy-possible
• USD 35 billion – Green Bonds;
• USD 30 billion – development finance
institutions (DFIs) (co-lending);
• USD 30 billion – development finance
institutions (DFIs) (private sector lending);
• USD 25 billion – aggregation.
An expert committee within the SE4All Advisory Board identified the potential for catalyzing USD 120 billion of
incremental annual investment by 2020 across 4 themes:
Financing universal access to energy

18. 18
Universal
energy
Access
Sustainable
use of water
resources
Energy
Efficiency
Renewable
Energy
Water &
sanitation
access
Targets that compliment others;
Targets that depend on others;
Targets that impose conditions on others;
Eradicate
hunger &
halt rate of
obesity
Increased
agriculture
productivity
Energy is central to development

19. 19
Water-Energy Nexus: additional dimensions

20. 20
Interactions between water, energy and food - Photo: ©IUCN Water;
Source: http://www.waternexussolutions.org/1x9/about.html

21. 21
Improving coherence and reducing inconsistencies
Independently policy objectives leads to incoherence/inconsistencies
• “water-inconsistent” energy policies
• “energy-inconsistent” water policies
• “water-inconsistent” food policies
• “food-inconsistent” energy policies
Various solution options impact policy objectives in different ways
• Positive impact - help achievement of other development objectives
• Negative impact - hinder achievement of other development
objectives
• Require trade-offs among other development objectives
• No appreciable impact on other development objectives
Improved coherence requires meeting multiple policy objectives

22. 22
Nexus interactions are complex and dynamic
Nexus interactions are about management of natural resource systems:
• understanding interdependencies (depending on each other),
• constraints (imposing conditions or trade-offs) and
• synergies (mutually reinforcing or having shared benefits).
e.g. Large-scale water infrastructure may have synergetic impacts:
• producing hydropower and
• providing water storage for irrigation,
• fisheries, recreation and municipal uses
But this might happen at the expense of upstream and downstream agro-
ecological and social systems, with environmental and social implications,
such as
• loss of terrestrial ecosystems,
• displacement/resettlements of riparian residents
• loss of cultural heritage

23. 23
Some key nexus questions
 If a decision is made at the national level to increase the share of
bioenergy, what implications does this have for water, food and
energy?
 How should a hydropower dam be designed to support multiple uses
and functions in the watershed and beyond?
 How can we ensure that sectoral policies and strategies consider the
potential trade-offs and synergies they might have on other sectors?
Finding answers to these questions is a key Nexus challenge
.......the Nexus approach helps us to better understand and
systematically analyze how we can use and manage resources in light
of different and often competing interests and goals

24. 24
Same old wine in new bottles?
 Water-Energy-Food Nexus adds relatively little to already existing
integrated approaches to resources management e.g. IWRM, IRBM,
INRM, IUWRM
 IWRM arguably pursues the integrated and coordinated management
of water and land as a means of balancing different water uses, while
meeting social and ecological needs and promoting economic
development
 However, by explicitly focusing on water, there is a risk of prioritising
water-related development goals over others, thereby reinforcing
traditional sectoral approaches.
 Nexus approach considers the different dimensions of water, energy
and food equally and recognizes the interdependencies of different
resource uses to develop sustainably

25. 25
 Identify interactions among goals,
and examining different types of
interactions;
 Illuminating interactions across
sectors and showing how individual
targets might serve multiple goals;
 Showing how the achievement of
targets under one goal might affect
targets under another goal;
Nexus as an opportunity for the SDGs…….……. to
set complimentary goals and targets that
are jointly achievable

26. 26
….. several development objectives are very
closely interrelated…….
Useful to support ongoing consultations on the
SDGs; to make more informed decisions on goals,
targets and indicators;
Support the integration of goals and targets that
are interwoven and clarify how best to allocate
resources between competing needs;
Make the SDGs more efficient and cost effective
and reduce the risk that actions for achieving
targets will undermine one another;
A major MDGs mistake can be avoided for the SDGs…….
……using the nexus as a leverage to set targets for SDGs that are
jointly achievable, i.e. the so-called “nexus targets”

27. 27
A major MDGs mistake can be avoided for the SDGs…….
 MDGs identified sectoral goals, with a list of
targets under them;
 MDGs have little consideration of how efforts to
attain a goal in one sector would affect (or be
affected by) efforts in another sector;
 MDGs did not take into account the total demand
for key resources – whether targets could be met
by existing supplies without degrading the
resource base and underlying ecosystems.
 Too much duplication of efforts and limited
coordination and partnership between/among
sectors or development agencies
……using the nexus as a leverage to set targets for SDGs that are
jointly achievable, i.e. the so-called “nexus targets”

28. 28
Global challenges are interlinked…….
 Global population is expected to grow to 9 billion by 2050.
 By 2030, 3 billion more people will join the middle class and over 60%
will live in cities – an urbanized world;
 This is expected to increase water demands by 55%, energy needs by
80%, and the world’s food demands by as much as 60%
 1.3 billion are without electricity, 2.8 billion use biomass;
 2.6 billion without sanitation; 0.8 billion without safe drinking water;
 0.8 billion without adequate nutrition

29. 29
Global challenges are interlinked…….

30. Global challenges are interlinked…….
30

31. 31
“If we are successful in realizing the ambition in SDG7, we will be successful in
realizing the ambitions in many more of the Goals, not least of which will be SDG
13 [climate action]. This agenda is firmly rooted in the ability of a woman to
seek medical care in a hospital, knowing that the lights won’t go out;
SDG 3. This is an agenda about being able to turn the irrigation
pump on for the small farmer in a [dry] part of the developing world SDG 2.
This is about being able to put the light on, do the homework, graduate
and contribute to society SDG 4.”………………. Ms. Rachel Kyte
Energy should be addressed as a crosscutting issue
……..and the opportunities too are interlinked

32. 32
Reducing the complexity of the nexus and …….
emphasizing the significance of the “nodes”
……….. the stressing not so much on integration but more so on
increasing coordination and partnerships………

33. 33
Seeing the Nexus beyond the links…….
…..putting more emphasis on
the significance of the so-
called “nodes”
Sectors (Energy,
Agriculture, Water, Industry)
Organizations/Institutions
(UN entities, Governments,
NGOs, Businesses, Civil
Society organizations, etc.)
……….. the emphasis is not so much on integration but rather on
increasing coordination, collaboration and partnerships………

34. 34
Water Supply &
Sanitation
Energy &
Industry
Food &
Agriculture
Control Influence UncertaintySphere’s of:
………..nexus as a framework for solutions to emerge; searching for synergy and
gaining insight into plans within others’ sphere of control………
Operationalize the concept…….……. as a framework
for solutions to emerge

35. 35

36. 36

37. 37
Hydropower Thermal Power Plants
Wind and Photovoltaic panels have little impact on water
Energy requirements for water

38. 38
Source: Spang (2012) A thirst for power: A global analysis of water consumption for energy production, The Center for Water-
Energy Efficiency (CWEE), University of California, Davis, United States
Water consumption factors for various energy technologies

39. 39
Water withdrawal/consumption for electricity generation
Withdrawal
[litre/MWh]
Consumption
[litre/MWh]
Low High Low High
Open-loop 28,000 230,000 380 1,100
Closed-loop w/ tower (1) 870 4,200 680 3,500
Hybrid wet-dry cooling (2) <380 4,200 190 3,500
Dry cooling 0 0 0 0

40. 40
Responding to Energy’s thirst for water
………….water constraints drive three potential paths…….
Pivot to water reduction
technologies… once through
cooling vs. closed-loop cooling
towers and dry air-cooling
Reduce by switching to zero
water use technologies… wind,
solar PV, gas engines, gas
turbines
Shift to alternate water
sources… saline or brackish
water
Options
……seeking alternative water sources, and exploring options for renewable
energy and efficiency improvements
Source: GE Energy, 2012

41. 41

42. 42
Water requirements for energy – drinking water supply
Surface water-based systems: pumping for distribution of treated water
dominates energy use (70-80% or more); Groundwater-based systems are
generally more energy intensive (30% more);

43. 43
Developments in energy consumption and related costs
Source: Shatat et al., 2013
Energy is the largest single expense for desalination plants; accounts for as
much as half of the total project costs. Seawater desalination US$1/m3
;
brackish water US$0.60/m3
; freshwater chlorination US$0.02/m3

44. 44
Distribution of desalination plants worldwide
The most energy-efficient desalination plants use 3.2 kWh/m3
of water; UAE is
targeting 3.7kWh/m3
; currently desalination plants in the region are using 4-6
kWh/m3
Source: Lattemann et al., 2010

45. 45
The world’s water stressed regions are also the regions with
huge potential for tapping solar power
Source: solarserver.com

46. 46
Water requirements for energy – wastewater treatment
Energy intensity large WTPs (380,000 m3
/day) in US: 0.177 kWh/m3
for trickling
filter; 0.272 kWh/m3
for activated sludge; 0.314 kWh/m3
for advanced
treatment; 0.412 kWh/m3
for advanced treatment with nitrification

47. 47
SE4All Nexus Agenda
• Advance a better understanding of the nexus - crucial for addressing
major global challenges in the post-2015 development framework;
• Advocate increased consideration of the nexus perspective on
discussions on the post-2015 development agenda and galvanizing
global interest, e.g. international events, interviews, publications, etc.;
• Strengthening partnerships for applying the nexus perspective;
• Mainstream the nexus perspective within SE4All core activities
towards more concrete measures for increased impact;
• Identify and operationalize opportunities along the nexus interface,
especially for SE4All activities that are directly related and/or
dependent on various nexus dimensions;

48. 48
Nexus Agenda

49. 49
Human and institutional capacity challenges for policy coherence
• Multiple institutional gaps
• Lack of institutional incentives
• Lack of platforms/governance
mechanisms to manage trade-
offs
• Interference of lobby groups
• Absence of strategic planning
and coordination in decision
making
• Asymmetry of information and
resources among institutions
• Intense competition between
different ministries and public
agencies

50. 50

51. 51
SE4All Technical Assistance Programme to Strengthen Inter-
sector Coordination (TAPSIC)
• Shifting mindsets to make sure national leaders are fully aware of
the centrality of the energy Goal for sustainable development and the
critical role energy plays for progress on many other Goals;
• Altering management approaches away from silo-based planning
and implementation toward cross-cutting and integrated approaches
on the SDGs and national strategic plans;
• Adjusting governance structures, especially sector institutions to
ensure all the ministries work together at the national level through
inter-sectoral coordination at the country level;
• Identifying and addressing capacity challenges (both human and
institutional challenges) and creating the enabling environment for
inter-sectoral policy formulation and implementation;

52. 52
Approaches to enhancing policy coherence
1. Exploring win-win (synergistic) policies
• Pursuing multiple policy objectives at the same time
Examples: increasing water and energy efficiency; lowering water
consumption through conservation, reducing on water leakages in the
distribution system, etc.
Narmada Canal: 1MW of
electricity enough to
power 1000 homes a year

53. 53
….. Responding to household end use
applications….saving water saves energy.…

54. 54
Approaches to enhancing policy coherence
2. Avoiding conflicts
• Pursuing policy objectives that do not undermine others
Examples: requiring solar hot water systems on new building (Israel); use of
waste heat from thermoelectric power plants to desalinate sea water to
produce reliable drinking water (middle east) or creating fish passes at dam
sites that would usually obstruct fish migration, etc.

55. 55
Approaches to enhancing policy coherence
3. Managing trade-offs
• Minimizing negative impact of one policy on other policies
Example: recycling effluent from bio-refineries to reduce negative
impact on freshwater ecosystems; remove environmentally harmful
subsidies like energy subsidies the exacerbate groundwater pumping

56. 56
• 100/100/100+ central and local governments/companies/financiers being mobilized to drive
the SE4All global Energy Efficiency accelerator platform towards COP21
• A unique public-private platform for energy efficiency in appliances, buildings, district
energy, industry, lighting and transportation, with more sectors being considered

57. SE4All Global EE Accelerator Platform
57
Achievement of
Global Climate
Goals
• SE4ALL’s Global EE Accelerator Platform can deliver 50% of the emission
reductions required to put the world on a 2-degree pathway by 2020 (IEA)
• Targeted EE measures can reduce emissions by 1.5 Gt while generating USD 250-
350 billion in savings each year (UNEP)
• USD 8.2 trillion investments in EE are more than offset by the fuel cost savings of
USD 10.6 trillion leading to a global economic boost of USD 11.4 trillion (2012 –
2030) (IEA)
Energy
Efficiency
Emission
Reduction
Economic
Benefits
Improvement
of People’s
Well-being

58. 58

59. 59
Global EE Accelerator Platform
Current
Initiatives
Initiatives under
development
Vehicles Lighting Appliances
Buildings District Energy
System
Water Sector
Industry, Small-&-Medium size
Enterprises
Power Sector

60. 60
 Utilities are typically energy intensive; largest energy consumers of
municipal governments, 30-40 percent of the total energy consumed;
 Energy costs can reach 60% of total operating costs; expected to
increase by 20% in the next 15 years;
 An energy efficiency audit can identify the greatest energy-
consuming devices and/or operations for efficiency gains
NEXUS OPPORTUNITY:
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ACCELERATOR
UTILITIES:
DRINKING WATER & WASTEWATER NEXT
STEPS

61. 61
 Drinking water and wastewater treatment plants are not primarily
designed and operated with energy efficiency as a key concern;
 Most municipal governments often overlooked energy efficiency when
energy improvement projects are undertaken;
 Upgrading water and wastewater infrastructure to reduce energy use
is a complex and typically time and capita intensive undertaking;
 Securing reliable financial assistance to install new equipment for
energy efficiency upgrades is quite challenging.
The potential to reduce energy requirements can be huge,
especially for underperforming utilities with aging infrastructure
and inefficient equipment……….

62. 62
Energy is required at all stages in the treatment process
……from abstraction, treatment and distribution of drinking water to collection
of raw sewage, transport, treatment and discharge of treated effluents

63. 63
……also to mitigate GHG
emissions and critical air
pollutants such as CH4 & CO2
Updating technologies with
more energy efficient systems
is important to reduce costs
Utilities can recover funds for
expanding services to unserved
or poorly served areas
Multiple
benefits
Investments on energy efficiency and effective operations can
produce economic, environmental, and other benefits…….

64. Intervention Energy
savings
/year
Water
savings
/year
Total cost
savings
/year
Other associated
benefits
Payback
period
South Africa
Pressure management 14M kWh 8,000M3
3.8M $US 30 % reduction in
water loss
3 months
Prepaid metering,
Behavior change
15.4M kWh 6,000M3
3.5M $US 10-95 % payment rate
increment
< 3yearrs
India
Energy Audits 3.8M kWh 336,000 $US 10 % more supply no
additional capacity
< 1 year
Brazil
Maximizing existing
pump systems
efficiency, storage
88M kWh 2.5M $US
with an
Investment
of $1.1M
88,000 new
connections over the
original baseline
4 years
……if well planned, energy efficiency investments can be extremely cost
effective with short pay-back times of only a few years
64
Source: Watergy, 2007 (The Alliance to Save Energy)

65. 65
NEXUS OPPORTUNITY:
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ACCELERATOR
UTILITIES:
DRINKING WATER & WASTEWATER NEXT
STEPS
The energy efficiency accelerator for water and wastewater utilities is designed to work
with multiple stakeholders across multiple scales
Governments Businesses Others
Relevant government ministries,
municipalities, water &
wastewater utilities, energy &
water regulators, regional
association of utilities
Global leading equipment
manufacturers, energy
services providers,
global/regional financing
institutions
Energy efficiency
advocates, international
organizations, academia,
water & energy research
institutions

66. 66
POTENTIAL SUPPORTING PARTNERS
Governments & multilateral
organizations
Private sector financing
institutions
International
organizations
Development Agencies (e.g. GIZ,
SIDA, ADA), relevant ministries
and multilateral donor entities
Veolia Water, ESCOM,
World Bank, AfDB/AWF;
ADB, IADB
SE4All, UNEP, UNIDO,
GEF, UN-Water, IWA, TU-
Vienna, IIASA, SIWI, IKI
 Key focal point: local, national and regional governments; pilot utilities;
 The private sector will play a crucial role providing equipment,
industrial expertise and market knowledge for policy &
implementation;
 Financing possibilities to be sort from global and regional development
financing institutions and mechanisms, e.g. AfDB/AWF, ADB, IADB;

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Key commitments and timeline
 Commitments from pioneering utilities on implementing operational
improvements & equipment upgrade;
 100 governments; 100 utilities; 100 companies committed to developing
and implementing EE road maps and operational improvements and
equipment upgrade by end of Energy Decade (2024);

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SE4All HIO on water-energy-food nexus
 Develop harmonized, robust, practical and
cost-effective approaches for assessing nexus
challenges and trade-offs;
 Better integrate the nexus perspective in
policies and projects at country level;
 Document and disseminate knowledge about
nexus solutions and best practices;
 Engage international organizations and civil
society stakeholders to facilitate the
deployment of nexus knowledge,
tools/approaches and solutions.
The overall goal of the nexus HIO is to contribute to the achievement of
SE4ALL objectives by improving the awareness and knowledge about the
nexus and promoting the implementation of nexus solutions

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Nexus HIO includes the following High Impact Initiatives:
 Development of a Nexus Assessment Package (FAO);
 Policy Dialogue, Awareness and Knowledge Dissemination (BMZ);
 Promotion of sustainable integrated food energy systems (FAO);
 Sustainable energy in emergency and rehabilitation (FAO);
 Powering Agriculture Energy Grand Challenge (USAID);
 Applying the nexus for value addition in agribusiness (REEEP);
 Energy in food losses and post-harvest technologies (FAO);
Additional Partners include UNEP and the World Bank.
SE4All HIO on water-energy-food nexus

70. Further Information
http://www.se4all.org/
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