Nursing

1. Nursing Hi Nursing

2. Caring is Universal...Nursing Hi Nursing
• Influences the way people think,
feel and act
• Many nursing theorists have
tired to “define” caring –
Nightingale was first
• Caring is the heart of nursing

3. Benner (Holistic Theory)…. Nursing Hi Nursing
• Equates excellent nursing practice with
CARING
• People, events, projects (things) have
importance
• Caring means connectedness or involvement
• Caring helps patients understand and adjust
to illness

4. Benner, con’t….. Nursing Hi Nursing
• Defines health as a state of being
– Individualized by one’s
• Values
• Personality
• Lifestyle
– Treatment for illness is worthless if not
applied to the individual

5. Leininger (Transcultural) Nursing Hi Nursing
• Caring is the essence of Nursing – it is a
distinguishing characteristic
• Purpose of care is to assist the individual
toward improvement in condition
• Caring is
– Nurturing
– Dependent on needs of individual
– Must reflect the patient’s own culture

6. Watson (Transpersonal) Nursing Hi Nursing
• Holistic
– Patient, family, environment
• Nurses exhibit conscious decision to care
– This helps patient toward healing and
wholeness
• Focus in on cAre, not cUre
– cAring “inner healing” health
• Nurse & patient affected by relationship

7. Swanson….. Nursing Hi Nursing
• Caring is has 5 dimensions
– Knowing
– Being with
– Doing for
– Enabling
– Maintaing belief
• Caring is central to nursing
• Theory can be applied to clinical setting

8. Caring is Relational …. Nursing Hi Nursing
• Patients value nurse Effectiveness
– Ability to perform tasks
• Also value nurse Affect
– Attitude or demeanor while performing the
tasks
• Patients are more willing to participate if they
sense that they are cared about

9. Ethic of Care …. Nursing Hi Nursing
• Protects human dignity
• Often perceived as a moral imperative
• Requires awareness of potential unequality
in relationships
– This due to either real or perceived “power”
that patient assigns to the nurse
– Knowledge is power

10. Expressions of Care…. Nursing Hi Nursing
• Spiritual
– Being aware of & honoring patient’s beliefs
• Presence
– Being there
• Physically present
• Demonstrating understanding
– Being with
• Sharing oneself

11. Nursing Hi Nursing
• Touch
– Skin-to-skin
– Eye contact (nonverbal)
– Protective – to prevent injury
• Listening
– Taking in patient information
– Interpreting what has been taken in

12. Nursing Hi Nursing
• Knowing
– Understanding the client
– Understanding the planned interventions
– Avoid making assumptions
– Focuses on client

13. Nursing Hi Nursing
Parveen Kumar Chadha