4. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Verb Tense Changes: ' I know quite a lot of people here .' Robert said. Present Simple Simple Past He said that he ............................... quite a lot of people there 'John is feeling much better ' Paul said. Present Continuous Past Continuous He said that John ...........................much better ' I enjoyed my holiday in the States' David said. Simple Past Past Perfect He said that he ............................... his holiday in the States 'Jackie wasn´t feeling very well ' The teacher said. Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous He said that Jackie ......................... very well ' They‘ve seen the Eiffel Tower ' John said. Present Perfect Past Perfect He said that they ............................ the Eiffel Tower ' I have been waiting for ages ' My father said. Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous He said that he ............................ for ages ' Nobody had warned them about the storm ' The politician said. Past Perfect Past Perfect (No change) He said that nobody .................... about the storm ' She had been reading all day ' Brenda said. Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous (No change) She said that she ........................ all day
5. ' I will be here with you.' Robert promised me. Future Simple Conditional Robert promised that he ............................... there with me 'John is going to study French ' Paul said. Be going to Was/Were going to Paul said that John ........................... to study French MODAL VERBS: ' We can start the lesson' David said. Can Could David said that we ............................... start the lesson ' They may come home ' My husband said. May Might My husband said that they ......................... come home ' You must be quiet in class ' The teacher told us. ‘ I’ll see you later!’ She said. Must Will/ Shall Had to Would The teacher told us that we ............................ be quiet in class She said that she ………..… me later.
6. Changes in Time and Place expressions: the previous week/ month ... OR the week before last week/ month/ ... The following week / month OR the week/ month after Next week / month/ ... the previous day OR the day before yesterday Those cities/ ... These cities/ ... the following day OR the day after tomorrow That town/ garden ... This town/ garden... that day today there here Then Before Now Ago Place Time
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8. Reporting Verbs: ADD ADMIT * ANSWER ARGUE ASSURE BOAST about * COMPLAIN to .. About * DENY * EXPLAIN GRUMBLE about * OBJECT to * OBSERVE POINT OUT PROMISE PROTEST against /about * REMARK REPLY * These verbs + ing The most common ones: TELL + I.O. and SAY Followed by THAT ( Remember it can be omitted!)
9. A) YES / NO QUESTIONS: Reporting Verb + If or whether + Subject + Verb +... (Order of Reported Question: Subject + Verb - as in Statements) “ Are you working these days?” he said. He asked if/whether I was working those days. (No Question Mark) “ Did you speak to John last night?” she asked She wanted to know if I had spoken to J, the night before. REPORTING QUESTIONS
10. B) WH- QUESTIONS: Reporting Verb + Question Word(s) + Subject + Verb (The Word Order is again the same as in Statements ) “ Where did you go last summer?”. He asked me where I had gone the previous summer. “ How long were you waiting for us?” She wanted to know how long I had been waiting for them. Introductory verbs: ask, wonder, would like/ want to know, …
11. The Imperative changes into (Not) To Infinitive: He said to us: “Stay here” He told us to stay there The Reporting Verb must indicate “order”: He said: “Don’t mention that” He told me not to mention that. “ Say that again”, he said to me He asked me to say that again. Reporting Verbs: Tell,ask, beg, invite, warn, order, command, instruct,... REPORTING COMMANDS (= ORDERS)
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13. We use these Reporting Verbs: beg, ask, demand, request + (not) to (they usually take an Indirect Object) The word “please” is omitted. “ Can I go out tonight, mum, please?” The boy begged. The boy begged to go out that night. “ John, don’t open the window, please” I said I asked /requested/begged John not to open the window. “ Can you let me use your phone, please?” I asked my neighbour. I asked my neighbour to let me use her phone. “ Can I use your phone?” I asked my neighbour I asked my neighbour if I could use her phone OR To use her phone REPORTING REQUESTS
![REPORTED SPEECH ,[object Object],We use it when we want to tell another person about a conversation that took place in the past (e.g telephone call, news or a story that someone told us, etc.) Where’s Tom? He said he was feeling ill .](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)