Hypertension also known as high blood pressure is an effect of fast paced life. This presentation discusses various medicines used to cure hypertension.

1. Advanced findings
in
Phytochemicals
for control of
HYPERTENSION
(HTN – I)
Presented by
Dr. Sudhakar Kokate
Director PPRC, India

2. Hypertension
Also known as high blood pressure / arterial
hypertension
One of the most prevalent disorder
Chronic medical condition, Silent killer
Primary cause of stroke, kidney failure and
blindness
PPRC/INDIA 01

3. Hypertension
Common disease in today’s fast life
Disease of many symptoms
Two types:
 1. Primary hypertension
 2. Secondary hypertension
PPRC/INDIA 02

4. Primary Hypertension
Most common form of hypertension
90 – 95 % cases of hypertension
BP arises with ageing & due to environmental
factors
PPRC/INDIA 03

5. Blood
Blood, a bodily fluid delivers nutrients and oxygen
to the cells and transports metabolic waste from
same cells
pH: 7.35 – 7.45 slightly basic
below 7.35 too acidic
above 7.45 too basic
PPRC/INDIA 04

6. Composition: blood cells suspended in blood.
Plasma which constitutes 55% of body fluid, is
mostly water (92% of volume) contains proteins,
glucose, mineral ions, hormones and carbon
dioxide
Blood cells constitute RBC (erythrocytes) &
WBC (leucocytes and platelets)
Blood
PPRC/INDIA 05

7. Albumin: main protein in blood
RBC: most abundant containing haemoglobin,
an iron containing protein
WBC: Soldiers of the body
Blood circulated through blood vessels by
pumping action of the heart
Blood
PPRC/INDIA 06

8. Supply of oxygen to tissues
Supply of nutrients
Removal of waste
Circulation of WBC
Functions of Blood
PPRC/INDIA 07

9. Coagulation
Regulation of body pH
Transportation of hormones and signalling of
tissue damage
Regulation of core body temperature
Functions of Blood
PPRC/INDIA 08

10. Quantity: one micro litre
1. Male: 4.7 – 6.1 million erythrocytes
2. Female: 4.2 – 5.4 million erythrocytes
3. 4,000 – 11,000 leukocytes
4. 200,000 – 500,000 thrombocytes
Contents of Blood
PPRC/INDIA 09

11. Anaemia
Aplastic anaemia
Deep vein thrombosis
Fanconi anaemia
Haemochromatosis
Blood diseases
PPRC/INDIA 10

12. Haemolytic anaemia
Haemophilia
Pernicious anaemia
Thalassemia
Thrombocytopenia
Von willebrand disease
Blood diseases
PPRC/INDIA 11

13. Classification of blood based on the presence or
absence of inherited anti-genic substances on the
surface of RBCs
33 major blood group systems are recognised by
ISBIT in Oct. 2012
Blood group
PPRC/INDIA 12

14. Blood Pressure (B.P.)
Arterial blood pressure
The pressure exerted by circulating blood upon
the walls of blood vessels
One of the principal vital signs
During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies
between maximum (Systolic) and minimum
(Diastolic) pressure
PPRC/INDIA 13

15. Blood Pressure (B.P.)
Arterial blood pressure
B.P. in Circulation is principally due to the
pumping action of the heart
B.P. varies as in healthy people and animals
Blood volume, resistance and viscosity are
physical factors that influence B.P.
PPRC/INDIA 14

16. Blood Pressure (B.P.)
Arterial blood pressure
Blood pressure pathologically is:
1. Low – hypotension
2. High – hypertension
PPRC/INDIA 15

17. Blood pressure in children
AGE
SYSTOLIC
(mm Hg)
DIASTOLIC
(mm Hg)
1 – 12 months 75 - 100 50 – 70
1 – 5 years 80 – 110 50 – 80
6 – 12 years 85 – 120 50 – 80
13 – 18 years 95 – 140 60 – 90
PPRC/INDIA 16

18. B.P. in Adult
CATEGORY
SYSTOLIC (mm
Hg)
DIASTOLIC
(mm Hg)
Hypotension < 90 < 60
Desired 90 – 119 60 – 79
Pre-hypertension 120 – 139 80 – 89
Stage 1 hypertension 140 – 159 90 – 99
Stage 2 hypertension 160 – 179 100 – 109
Hypertensive emergency ≥ 180 ≥ 110
PPRC/INDIA 17

19. Prevalence of Age factor & BP.
YEAR - AGE % B.P.
20 – 30 4
31 – 40 5
41 – 50 10
51 – 60 14
> 61 16
PPRC/INDIA 18

20. Secondary Hypertension
Can be caused by endocrine conditions such as
Cushing’s syndrome, hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism, acromegaly, Conn’s syndrome
or hyperaldosteronism, hyparathyroidism and
pheochromocytoma
PPRC/INDIA 19

21. Secondary Hypertension
Reasons to contribute: obesity, sleep apnea,
caratation of the aorta, excessive liquorice and
heavy dose of medicines
PPRC/INDIA 20

22. Complications of high B.P.
Thickening of the heart muscle
Increased workload of the heart
May lead to – heart attack
stroke
renal failure
loss of vision
PPRC/INDIA 21

23. DRUG THERAPY
Allopath treatment
a list of 107
synthetic chemicals
for
Hypertension
PPRC/INDIA 22

24. High B.P. drugs
 Acebutolol
 Acetazolamide (Aceact 250 mg)
 Aliskiren (Rasilez 300 mg)
 Aliskiren and Amlodipine
 Aliskiren and hydro chlorothiazide
 Aliskiren and valsartan
PPRC/INDIA 23

25.  Aliskiren, amlodipine & hydrochlorothiazide
 Amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide
 Amlodipine
 Amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide and olmesartan
 Amlodipine and benazepirl
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 24

26.  Amlodipine and enalapril
 Amlodipine and lisinopril
 Amlodipine and losartan
 Amlodipine and olmesartan
 Amlodipine and valsartan
 Amlodipine, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 25

27.  Atenolol
 Atenolol and chlorthialidone
 Azilsartan medoxomil
 Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone
 Benazepril
 Benazepril HCl and hydrochlorothiazole
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 26

28.  Benidipine
 Bisoprolol
 Bumetanide
 Candesartan
 Candesartan cilexetil hydrochlorothiazide
 Captopril
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 27

29.  Captopril and hydrochlorothiazide
 Carvedilol
 Chlorothiazide
 Chlorthalidone
 Clevidipine
 Clonidine
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 28

30.  Diltiazene
 Doxazosin
 Enalapril
 Enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide
 Epinephrine
 Eplerenone
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 29

31.  Eprosartan mesylate hydrochlorothiazide
 Esmolol
 Ethacrynic acid
 Felodipine
 Fenoldopam mesylate
 Flosequinan
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 30

32.  Fosinopril
 Furosemide
 Furosemide and Amiloride
 Guanabenz
 Guanethidine monosulfate
 Guanfacine
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 31

33.  Hydralazine
 Hydrochlorothiazide
 Hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone
 Hydrofluemethiazide
 Imidapril
 Indapamide
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 32

34.  Irbesartan
 Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide
 Isradipine
 Ketamine
 Labetalol
 Lacidipine
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 33

35.  Lisinopril
 Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide
 Losartan
 Mannitol
 Mecamylamine
 Methyclothiazide
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 34

36.  Methyldopa
 Metolazone
 Metoprolol
 Minoxidil oral
 Moexipril HCl hydrochlorothiazide tablets
 Moexipril hydrochloride
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 35

37.  Nebivolol
 Nicardipine
 Nitrendipine
 Olmesartan
 Olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide
 Perindopril
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 36

38.  Perindopril and Indapamide
 Phenoxybenzamine
 Phentolamine mesylate
 Pindolol
 Procainamide
 Propranolol
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 37

39.  Quinapril
 Quinapril HC-hydrochlorothiazide tablets
 Reserpine
 Spironolactone
 Telmisartan
 Telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 38

40.  Terazosin
 Timolol ophthalmic
 Timolol oral
 Torsemide
 Trandolapril
 Trandolapril - verapamil
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 39

41.  Ubiquinone
 Valsartan
 Valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide
 Verapamil
 Xipamide
High B.P. drugs
PPRC/INDIA 40

42. Trying to lower blood pressure too much can
actually increase your risk of both heart
problems and death – Dr. Mercola
Hypertension: Just cure it within some weeks,
leaving behind you all medications and all side
effects
PPRC/INDIA 41

43. “Allopathic medicine will not find the cure
to any heart related ills because they are
not really looking for them. They are
looking for new ways to manage diseases
perpetually and to keep their patients sick
enough to require drugs, but still live”
- The Health Wyze Report
USA
PPRC/INDIA 42

44. Side-effects
of
Medications
used to treat
Hypertension
PPRC/INDIA 43

45. DIURETICS
 Extra urination
 Erection problems
 Weakness, leg cramps / fatigue
 Decrease the body’s levels of the mineral potassium
 Intense and sudden foot pain
PPRC/INDIA 44

46. BETA-BLOCKERS
 Asthma symptoms
 Cold hands and feet
 Depression
 Erection problems
 Insomnia and sleep problems
PPRC/INDIA 45

47. ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE)
 A dry, hacking cough that does not go away
 Skin rash
 Loss of taste
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
 Dizziness
PPRC/INDIA 46

48. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (CCBs)
 Constipation
 Dizziness
 Headache
 Irregular or very rapid heartbeat (Palpitations)
 Swollen ankles
PPRC/INDIA 47

49. ALPHA-BLOCKERS
 Dizziness
 Fast heartbeat
ALPHA - 2 RECEPTOR AGONIST
 Dizziness
ALPHA BETA-BLOCKERS
 Dizziness
 Weakness
PPRC/INDIA 48

50. CENTRAL AGONISTS
 Anaemia
 Constipation
 Drowsiness
 Dizziness
 Dry mouth
 Erection problems
 Fever
PPRC/INDIA 49

51. PERIPHERAL ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS
 Diarrhoea
 Dizziness
 Weakness
 Erection problems
 Heartburn
 Stuffy nose
PPRC/INDIA 50

52. VASODILATORS
 Excessive hair growth
 Fluid retention
 Headaches
 Irregular, very rapid palpitations
 Joint aches and pains
 Swelling around the eyes
PPRC/INDIA 51

53. RENIN INHIBITOR
 Cough
 Diarrhoea
 Stomach pain
 Heartburn
 Rash
PPRC/INDIA 52

54. “KELP” SIDE EFFECTS
(FUCUS VESICULOSUS)
 Thyroid problem
 Nausea
 Diarrhoea
 Allergic reactions
 Watery itchy eyes
 Shortness of breath
PPRC/INDIA 53

55. TOPROL XL
 Chest pain
 Heart failure
 Drowsiness
 Diarrhoea
 Dizziness
PPRC/INDIA 54

56. FLOMAX
 Back pain
 Blurry vision
 Cough
 Diarrhoea
 Drowsiness
 Trouble sleeping
 Weakness
PPRC/INDIA 55

57. NORVASC
 Swelling of hands, feet, ankles, lower legs
 Headache
 Upset stomach
 Stomach ache
 Dizziness
 Drowsiness
PPRC/INDIA 56

58. NORVASC
 Excessive tiredness
 Feeling of warmth
 Chest pain
 Irregular, rapid pounding heartbeat
 Fainting
PPRC/INDIA 57

59. TEVETEN
 Runny nose
 Sore throat
 Cough
 Excessive tiredness
 Stomach pain
 Joint pain
PPRC/INDIA 58

60. TEVETEN
 Depression
 Swelling of face, throat, tongue, feet and hands
 Hoarseness
 Difficulty in breathing
 Fainting
 Decreased sexual ability
PPRC/INDIA 59

61. DIOVAN HCT
 Headache
 Fatigue
 Dizziness
 Breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue
 Kidney failure
 Dry mouth
PPRC/INDIA 60

62. DIOVAN HCT
 Jaundice
 Dry cough
 Skin rash
 Back pain
 Stuffy nose, tired feeling
 Dizziness
PPRC/INDIA 61

63. ZESTORETIC
(Lisinopril & hydrochlorothiazide)
 Dizziness
 Headache
 Cough
 Fatigue
 Serious effect – hypotension (Low B.P.)
PPRC/INDIA 62

64. Hypertension recognised as a main
risk factor for deadly consequences
1. Micardis (Telmisartan):
 Swelling of face, lips, tongue or throat
 Difficulty in breathing
 Rare cases – kidney failure
PPRC/INDIA 63

65. 2. Tirofiban (Aggrastat):
 Nose bleeding
 Black bloody stools
 Cough
Vomiting
 Chest pain
 Sudden weakness
PPRC/INDIA 64

66. 3. Altace (Ramipril) tablets:
 During pregnancy, foetal toxicity
 Slow heart rate, muscle weakness
 Dry mouth, thirst, swelling, urinating less
 Jaundice, bleeding in urine
4. Accupril (Quinaprilhydrochloride) tablets:
 Foetal toxicity
 Swelling of face, lips, tongue, throat
PPRC/INDIA 65

67. 5. Cupoten:
 Severe stomach ache
 Breathing difficulty
 Swelling of face, lips, tongue / throat
6. Isoptin:
 Difficulty breathing
 Swelling of face, lips, tongue, throat
PPRC/INDIA 66

68. 7. Cardizem:
 A red blistering skin rash
 Swelling feet / hands
Trouble breathing
 Slow heartbeats
 Dizziness, Fever, Sore
PPRC/INDIA 67

69. 8. Dopamine:
 Chest pain
 Heartbeat
 Shallow breathing
 Burning pain
9. Plendil:
 Heartbeat, Chest pain
 Short breathing
PPRC/INDIA 68

70. 10. Lopressor:
 Short breath
 Nausea
 Hand & Feet swelling
 Fainting
 Dark urine
 Itching
PPRC/INDIA 69

71. 11. Corzida:
 Swelling
 Heartbeat
Weakness
12. Coreg:
 Chest pain
 Slow heartbeat
 Loss of bladder
PPRC/INDIA 70

72. Treatment of hypertension
PROTOCOL
Lifestyle modifications
Introduction of drug therapy
Change or addition in drugs
More drug modifications
PPRC/INDIA 71

73. Sequence of treatment
Education
Diet, Exercise, massage
Yoga and meditation
Brisk walking
Maintain body weight
Regular check-up
Use of
phytochemicals
&
Home remedies
PPRC/INDIA 72

74. Thank You!!
“BE WITH US”