This presentation is a continuation of Cancer - I. It discusses anti-cancer phyto-drugs from natural plant origin.

1. Anti-Cancer Phyto-drugs
(Cancer Part – II)
Presented by
Dr. Sudhakar Kokate
Director PPRC, India

3. Dedication
This presentation is dedicated to all
Cancer patients across the globe and
may our efforts, towards research in
this area benefit those who are
fighting the dangerous disease

4. Catharanthus roseus
PPRC/INDIA 01

5. Catharanthus roseus
 Family: Apocynaceae
 Drugs: Vincristine, Vinblastine
 Mode of action in cancer:
1. Lymphocytic leukaemia
2. Adult lymphoma
3. Testicular carcinoma
PPRC/INDIA 02

6. Betula alba
PPRC/INDIA 03

7. Betula alba
 Family: Betulaceae
 Drugs: Betulinic acid
 Mode of action in cancer:
1. Melanoma
PPRC/INDIA 04

8. Thalictrum minus, T. dasycarpum,
T. glandulosissimum
PPRC/INDIA 05

9.  Family: Ranunculaceae
 Drugs: Hernandezine, Thalicarpine
 Mode of action in cancer:
1. Leukaemia (Sarcoma cells affected)
PPRC/INDIA 06
Thalictrum minus, T. dasycarpum,
T. glandulosissimum

10. Camptotheca acuminata
PPRC/INDIA 07

11. Camptotheca acuminata
 Family: Nyssaceae
 Drugs: Camptothecin
 Mode of action in cancer:
1. Lymphoma
2. Leukaemia
3. Solid epithelial tumours
PPRC/INDIA 08

12. Colchium speciosum
PPRC/INDIA 09

13. Colchium speciosum
 Family: Liliaceae
 Drugs: Colchicine
 Mode of action in cancer:
1. Breast cancer
2. Thyroid cancer
3. Oesophageal cancer
PPRC/INDIA 10

14. Cephalotaxus harringtonia
PPRC/INDIA 11

15. Cephalotaxus harringtonia
 Family: Cephalotaxaceae
 Drugs: Harringtonine, Homoharringtonine
 Mode of action in cancer:
1. Leukaemia
2. Agranulocyte leukaemia
3. Myelocytic leukaemia
PPRC/INDIA 12

16. Tripterygium wilfordii
PPRC/INDIA 13

17. Tripterygium wilfordii
 Family: Celastraceae
 Drugs: Triptolide A, B, C, Tripdionide
 Mode of action in cancer:
1. Leukaemia
PPRC/INDIA 14

18. Brucea antidysenterica
PPRC/INDIA 15

19. Brucea antidysenterica
 Family: Simaroubaceae
 Drugs: Bruceantin
 Mode of action in cancer:
1. Breast cancer
2. Melanoma sarcoma
PPRC/INDIA 16

20. Podophyllum peltatum
PPRC/INDIA 17

21. Podophyllum peltatum
 Family: Podophyllaceae
 Drugs: Podophyllotoxin
 Mode of action in cancer:
1. Lung metastatic tumours
2. Malignant lymphoma
3. Carcinoma of nasopharynx
4. Germ cell neoplasm
PPRC/INDIA 18

22. Taxus brevifolia
PPRC/INDIA 19

23. Taxus brevifolia
 Family: Taxaceae
 Drugs: Paclitaxel or Taxol
 Mode of action in cancer:
1. Ovarian cancer
2. Breast cancer
PPRC/INDIA 20

24. Crocus sativus
PPRC/INDIA 21

25. Crocus sativus
 Active principle: Provitamin
 Anti-oxidant activity
 Ref: Nair et. al. 1994
PPRC/INDIA 22

26. Curcuma longa
PPRC/INDIA 23

27. Curcuma longa
 Active principle: Curcumin
 Strong anti-oxidant activity
 Ref: Rao et. al. 1995
PPRC/INDIA 24

28. Alstonia boonei
PPRC/INDIA 25

29. Alstonia boonei
 Family: Apocynaceae
 Inhibition of Lysosomal enzymes and
glycoproteins
 Ref: Saraswathi et. al. 1998
PPRC/INDIA 26

30. Ixora coccinea
PPRC/INDIA 27

31. Ixora coccinea
 Inhibited DNA synthesis
 Ref: Latha and Panikkar 1998
PPRC/INDIA 28

32. Dictamnus dasycarpus
PPRC/INDIA 29

33. Dictamnus dasycarpus
 Active principle: Limonoid triterpene enhances
cytotoxicity to microtubules suggesting the
action site may be extract of Barringtonia
racemosa
 Anti-tumour activity against Dalton’s
Lymphoma Ascitis (DLA) in mice
 Ref: Thomas et. al. 2002
PPRC/INDIA 30

34. Brassica oleracea
PPRC/INDIA 31

35. Brassica oleracea
 Administration of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)
a naturally occurring Sulphur compound
along with Cyclophosphamide (CYP)
induced Urotoxicity, where glutathione in
bladder and liver enhanced and also showed
normal bladder morphology
PPRC/INDIA 32

36. Punica granatum
PPRC/INDIA 33

37. Punica granatum
 The fruit rind powder elicited an increase in
antibody titre, inhibited leukocyte migration
and delayed hypersensitivity reaction
confirming its stimulatory effect on humoral
and cell mediated components of the
immune system in rabbits
 Ref: Gracious et. al. 2001
PPRC/INDIA 34

38. Withania somnifera
PPRC/INDIA 35

39. Withania somnifera
 Extracts of plant stimulated immunological
activity in mice
 Ref: Davis and Kultan 2000
PPRC/INDIA 36

40. Trigonella foenum-graecum
PPRC/INDIA 37

41. Trigonella foenum-graecum
 It exhibited a stimulatory effect on immune
function in mice
 Ref: Bin-Hafeez et. al. 2003
PPRC/INDIA 38

42. Silybum marianum
PPRC/INDIA 39

43. Silybum marianum
 Active principle: Silymarin
 A plant flavanolignan mixture isolated from
the seeds
 Possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
immuno-modulatory properties leading to
prevention of different cancers
PPRC/INDIA 40

44. Silybum marianum
 “Silibinin” major active component inhibits
Prostate tumour - Ref: Singh et. al. 2003
 Inhibits chemically induced urinary bladder
neoplasms and preneoplastic lesions – Vinh
et. al. 2002
 Reduces colon carcinogenesis in rats –
Yanaida et. al. 2002
PPRC/INDIA 41

45. Tomatoes
PPRC/INDIA 43

46. Lycopene
PPRC/INDIA 42

47. Lycopene in Tomatoes
 Lycopene, the major carotenoid in tomatoes
is a protective compound against Prostate
cancer
 It affects Stomach, Colon, Oral, Lung and
Breast cancer
 Protects mice from bacterial infections and
inhibits growth of Ascites tumours
PPRC/INDIA 44

48. Lycopene in Tomatoes
 Affects glioma cells
 Suppresses orthotopic growth of human
prostate tumours
 Lycopene inhibits proliferation of Lung
cancer – Levy et. al. 1995
 Inhibits the growth of Leukaemia and
malignant tumours
PPRC/INDIA 45

49. Chilies
PPRC/INDIA 47

50. Capsaicin
PPRC/INDIA 46

51. Capsaicin
 Family: Solanaceae
 Capsaicin, active principle in hot red and
chilli, peppers
 Widely used as spices
 Dual role in carcinogenic and mutagenic
processes
PPRC/INDIA 48

52. Capsaicin
 Protective effect on stomach cancer
 Affects metabolism of carcinogens
 Represses the growth of Hela, Ovarian
carcinoma, mammary adeno-carcinoma and
P. leukaemia, HL 60 cells
PPRC/INDIA 49

53. Zingiber officinale
PPRC/INDIA 51

54. Gingerol
PPRC/INDIA 50

55. Gingerol: Zingiber officinale
 Possesses substantial antioxidant activity
 Also possesses inhibitory effect on xanthine
oxidase
 Inhibits platelet aggression, formation of
thromboxane and prostaglandin
 Protects skin cancer, ear oedema
PPRC/INDIA 52

56. Gingerol: Zingiber officinale
 Prevents intestinal carcinogenesis in rats
 Inhibits pulmonary metastasis in mice HL 60
cells – Lee and Surh 1998
PPRC/INDIA 53

57. Tabebuia avellanedae
PPRC/INDIA 54

58. Tabebuia avellanedae
 Extract from stem bark showed anti-tumour
activity
 Nowadays T. avellanedae extract is
commercialized as a miracle drug in the
treatment of cancer and other health
problems in Japan – Nakamura 2000
PPRC/INDIA 55

59. Tabebuia avellanedae
 Components from this extract:
1. Naphtho-quinone lapachol
2. Beta-lapachone
showed strong anti-neoplastic properties
PPRC/INDIA 56

60. Allium sativum
PPRC/INDIA 57

61. Allium sativum
 Garlic contains Diallyl sulfide (DAS) which
showed potent antioxidant compound with
anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and cancer
preventive properties
 DAS imparts chemo-preventive effects against
skin, mammary, lung, colon and liver cancers
PPRC/INDIA 58

62. Thank You!!
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