Presented at the ESCAP Workshop on knowledge transfer and capacity building for water and sanitation services in Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, 17-19 February 2009 by Urban and Regional Development Institute and Serang District Authority

1. Integrated Pro-poor Water and
Wastewater Management in Small Towns
Project Implementation in Serang
District, Banten Province, Indonesia
Presented at
the ESCAP Workshop on knowledge transfer and
capacity building for water and sanitation services in
Asia and the Pacific
Bangkok, 17-19 February 2009
Urban and Regional Development Institute Serang District Authority 1

2. Background
• ESCAP is implementing the project “Integrated Pro-Poor
Water and Wastewater Management in Small Towns”.
• The overall objective of the project is to assist local
governments in small towns in developing and
implementing integrated water and wastewater
management systems.
• The project is being implemented on closely interlinked
regional and country-level tracks.
• Under the country-level track, ESCAP is assisting local
government offices in Serang District and City in Indonesia
to introduce pro-poor and integrated water and wastewater
systems in partnership with the Urban and Regional
Development Institute (URDI).
2

3. Country level track: Indonesia
• The intervention in Indonesia is built on the existing District Working Group on
Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (WSES) or Pokja AMPL led by
the State Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS) under the
Indonesia Water Supply And Sanitation Policy Formulation and Action Planning
(WASPOLA) initiative.
• In June 2003, six national ministries signed the Community-Based Water
Supply and Environmental Sanitation National Policy No. 23/2003. This policy
was prepared in stages by a Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation
(WSES) Working Group led by the National Development Planning Agency
(Bappenas) and involving the Ministries of Home Affairs, Settlement and
Regional Infrastructure, Health and Finance.
• In line with the spirit of decentralization and regional autonomy policies, the
WSES Working Group accommodated inputs from local governments to finalize
a policy document and to determine how a national policy could be
implemented at the regional level.
3

4. Community Based WSES National Policy
Logical Framework
11 Principles of Community
Sustainability Based WSES Policy
Sustainability
Policy for the 11 Principles of 1. Water as an Economic Good
Development Community
and Social Good
of Community Based
Based WSES WSES Policy 2. Informed Choice as a Basis for
Demand Responsive Approach
Efficiency 3. Environmentally Based
Efficiency
Development
4. Hygiene Education
5. Poverty Focus
• Learning from experiences in the past indicates that 6. Active Role of Women in
WS&S system constructed are not functioning Decision Making
properly, because community was not involved in 7. Accountability in the
planning, construction operation and maintenance Development Process
activity; 8. Government as Facilitator
9. Community Participation
• Effective use and sustainability of service is better 10. Optimum Service and Right
when the community is involved during the Target
development phases;
11. Application of Cost Recovery
Principles 4
4

5. Working Group on WSES (Pokja AMPL)
in Serang District
• ESCAP and BAPPENAS have selected the District of Serang,
Province of Banten, to implement the pilot project in Indonesia
• The working group on WSES is composed of all the agencies at the
district level that have a role in this field. Members of working group
are including: (1) Local Development Planning Board, (2) Health
Service, (3) Education Service, (4) Social Welfare, (5)
Environmental Agency, (6) Public Works, (7) Water Supply
Company (PDAM), (8) Religious Agency , (9) NGO (Rekonvasi
Bhumi) and (10) Local University (UNTIRTA).
• This working group has finalised a strategic plan (Renstra AMPL) for
water and sanitation in the district.
5

6. Strategic Plan on WSES (Renstra AMPL)
• Strategic Plan of WSES in Serang District is composed as guide in
implementing the construction of community-based water and
environment sanitation
• The formulation of Strategic Plan of WSES in Serang District has
two parts:
• In year 2006, formulating the draft and
• In year 2007, finishing Final Strategic Plan of WSES
• It contains vision, mission, objective, target and strategy to
achieve the overall goal of water and sanitation improvement.
• The project intervention is build upon the existence of this plan to
develop it further, prepare a detailed strategy in a selected village
and implement one pilot project.
6

7. WSES Development Target in Serang District
• Preparing local regulation in supporting community based water
supply and sanitation activities
• Improving community awareness on the importance of community
based water supply and sanitation
• Improving the performance of behavior change on clean and
healthy life style
• Improving active community participation through community and
government institutions
• Provision and Betterment Community Based Water Supply and
Sanitation facilities
• Improving the sustainability in managing Community Based Water
Supply and Sanitation
• Improving community awareness on the importance of clean and
healthy life style.
7

8. Project Intervention
Working Group Members of WG Policy Formulation
• National Dev’t Planning Board • National Policies on WSES
• Ministry of Public Works • Policy for Institutionally
National
• Ministry of Health Based WSES
• Ministry of Home Affairs • Policy for Community
• Ministry of Finance Based WSES
• Regional Dev’t Planning Board • Strategic Plan at Provincial
Province
• Sectoral Agencies Level on WSES
• Univesity
• NGO’s
• Local Dev’t Planning Board • Strategic Plan at District
District
• Sectoral Agencies Level on WSES
• Univesity
• NGO’s
Detail Strategy for
WSES at Village
Level 8

9. Objective and Results
The main objective is to provide technical assistance to the Serang
District Authorities by developing together a participatory, consensus
oriented and integrated strategic plan for water and sanitation at the
village level, and to test its implementation through a pilot project.
Expected Results:
• Result A: Serang authorities and in particular the members of the Working
Group (Pokja AMPL) enhance their knowledge of key concepts in pro-poor
water and wastewater management and strategic planning.
• Result B: A detailed strategy on water and sanitation for one selected
subdistrict of Serang is prepared by URDI in collaboration with Serang
Authorities and submitted for approval to the Working Group.
• Result C: A pilot project where water and/or sanitation services are
delivered to the urban poor is implemented.
• Result D: The formulation of the village strategic plan is documented and
disseminated.

10. Case Study: Serang District and Serang City
• Situated about 70 km from Jakarta as Capital City of Indonesia
• Serang City is new local government authorities separated from Serang District
in year 2007
• The pilot projects are located in two villages: Kampung Dermayon and
Sukawana
Dermayon
Sukawana
10

11. Water and Sanitation Conditions in Serang
11

12. Socio-Economic Profiles
12

13. Overall Process of the Project
Coordination with Developing Series of Construction of
Pokja AMPL Baseline Data and Community wastewater
National Community profile Meeting treatment plant
Preliminary
Conducting
Discussions with Piped water
First Community Feasibility Study
Pokja AMPL connection
Consultation
Serang District
Conducting
Meeting with Pokja
National Second Establishing Refill
AMPL Serang
Workshop Community water business
District
Consultation

14. Project Preparation
Activity Description of Activity Actors Involved Outcome Challenges
Coordination City selection • Pokja AMPL • Selected city • To find out how
with Working Discussion on project Pusat • National the Renstra
Group at approach and • Waspola Project Working Group AMPL is
National Level methodology support the implemented at
Define the scope of project village level
works of the project implementation
Preliminary The discussion was • Pokja AMPL • Support from • How the project
Discussion with undertaken almost 4 Serang District Pokja AMPL results could be
Serang District months in order to • Head of District Serang District integrated to
Authority introduce the project as (bupati) • LG budget local annual
well as get commitment allocation in FY development
from the Authority 2008 planning
process
National The workshop is aimed • Pokja AMPL • Agreed strategy • Coordination
Workshop to enhance the Pusat for project mechanism in
knowledge of the team • Pokja AMPL implementation project
on the key concepts in Banten Province plan implementation,
pro-poor waster and • Pokja AMPL • Two proposed especially with
wastewater management Serang District project locations Serang City
and strategic planning • Universities Authority which
• NGO’s is newly 14
established

15. Community Mapping and Consultation
Activity Description of Activity Actors Involved Outcome Challenges
Developing Identifying issues and • Community • Community • Increasing the
Baseline Data problems on water and • Local profile on water awareness of
and Community sanitation through government and sanitation community on
Profile on Water community participation officer WSES through
and Sanitation (transect walk, • Village officer participatory
interviews, discussion) assessment
First Community The first consultation • Pokja AMPL • Common issues • To find out
Consultation was discussed water Serang District and problems on possible
and sanitation issues and • Water Company water and solutions to
problems, ideal condition • Waspola sanitation address watsan
in the future, alternative Facilitator • Community issues and to
solutions and informed • Head of Sub- expectation and fulfill community
choices (alternative District potential on the needs and
technology). • Head of Village future conditions expectation
• Community of WSES
Second The second consultation • Pokja AMPL • Proposed action • Further
Community was discussed about Serang District plans to address elaboration of
Consultation strategic action plans to • Water Company water and each proposed
address water and • Waspola sanitation issues action plans and
sanitation problems with Facilitator • Community implementation
considering local • Head of Village working group strategy
potential and resources. • Community 15
15

16. Pilot Project Planning and Design
Activity Description of Activity Actors Outcome Challenges
Involved
Community A series of meeting with • Community • Agreed priority • How to determine
Meetings community was conducted to • Village officer location priority location
prepare pilot project • Identification of and target group
implementation strategy target group for each action
including priority location, • Availability of land plans
target group, financing scheme • Target customer • Mobilizing
and institutional arrangement for piped water community
connection contribution to the
project
implementation
Feasibility The feasibility study was • Bali Fokus • Technical • Limited space for
Study on undertaken to further analyze (Technical consideration and wastewater
proposed technical and financial aspects Expertise on option choice for treatment plan
action plans of each action plans and to Watsan) sanitation facility
determine suitable project sites • Community • DED model for
• Village officer each option
• Financial analysis
for construction
Meeting with The meeting was conducted • Pokja AMPL • Pokja approval on • Possibility to
Pokja AMPL before pilot project Serang pilot project apply Strategic
Serang District implementation to get approval District proposals Plan of Watsan
from Pokja on the pilot project • Water to other related
proposals and to discuss Company projects in the
possible expansion and future 16
16
replications across the district

17. Pilot Project Implementation
Activity Description of Activity Actors Outcome Challenges
Involved
Construction of • Community • Bali Fokus • 6 (six) shared • Land availability
shared septic participation in • Community septic tanks were • Physical
tanks and construction work • Workers constructed condition of soil
individual septic (digging the project • 30 individual • Community
tank site) septic tanks are should provide
• Hiring construction under family toilet
workers construction
• Construction of shared
septic tanks and
individual septic tanks
Piped Water Facilitating communication • Pokja AMPL • Confirmation • Accelerating the
Connection with Local Water • Water letter from PDAM connection
Enterprise to make sure company on the plan process and
there is plan for piped • Survey on piped makes sure
water connection to connection community
Dermayon area and system affordability and
providing subsidy for • Application form willingness to
down-payment submitted pay
Establishing Identifying available land • Community • Building • Setting up
Refill Water to construct the building, • Head of • Installed Refill community
Business preparing institutional Village water machine based business
arrangement and business • Business plan unit on refill
17
plan water 17

18. Pilot Project #1:
Piped Water Connection to PDAM in
Dermayon
Problem:
• Kampung Dermayon has poor and lack of
water resources.
• Ground water quality is very poor and
contaminated.
• Public hydrant provided by water company
(PDAM) is only main source of drinking water
in the area.
• The cost of drinking water is US$ 0.2 per m3.
• Average water consumption per household is
2m3.
• The cost of water per month ranges from US$
15-20.
18

19. Pilot Project #1:
Piped Water Connection to PDAM in
Dermayon
Proposed intervention:
• Through consultative process with PDAM
and also Pokja meeting, there is a plan to
piped water connection from PDAM in year
2009.
• Connection Fee is about US$ 150 per
customer which can be installed in 12
months.
• The project will provide subsidy for
connection fee with the amount is ranged
from US$ 50-100 depending how many
people applied. Total fund allocated is about
US$ 10,000
• Water Tariff: The minimum payment per 19
month is about US$ 5 for 10m3 water usage

20. 20

21. Pilot Project #1:
Piped Water Connection to PDAM in Dermayon
Progress to Date: Actors Involves:
• There is 114 household which • PDAM provide initial investment
already submit the registration for water connection to community
form as well as operation and
maintenance
• PDAM has conducted • Community are customers of
preliminary survey to calculate piped water connection. They pay
investment cost for connection fee and monthly
• The household survey will be payment
conducted in the last week of • Pokja AMPL facilitates the
February 2009. consultative process between
• After the survey, the project community, PDAM and the Project
and provides support and
subsidy will be transferred to commitment to connect water
PDAM. supply
• The construction is expected to • ESCAP provide fund which use as
be implemented in April 2009. subsidy for connection fee

22. Pilot Project #2:
Establishing Community-Based
Refill-Water Business
Problem:
• The quality of ground water in Sukawana is
deteriorated. Community use the ground
water for daily use only.
• There is only one public hydrant to serve
1,013 HHs
• The cost of drinking water is US$ 0.2 per m3
• No plan for piped water connection from
PDAM
• Refill water is an alternative to meet
community need of drinking water
• The current refill water provider is located
almost 4 km from project location, while
demand for drinking water is increased.
22

23. Pilot Project #2:
Establishing Community-Based
Refill-Water Business
Proposed Intervention:
• As result of community consultation, there is
an idea to establish water refill business to
serve drinking water
• The business will be managed by community-
based business unit under the supervision of
village authority
• The initial investment is about US$ 5,000
including building construction, machine,
equipments and start-up cost
• Some portion of business profit will be
allocated for infrastructure improvement and
23
community activity

24. Community Based Business Unit
Board of Supervision
- Representatives from
Village Authority and Transparency and
Community Leaders Accountability
- Organization rule
-Monthly Financial
Report
Board of Management
- Chairman, Secretary
and Treasury
Operator
24

25. Pilot Project #2:
Establishing Community-Based Refill-Water Business
in Sukawana
Progress to Date: Actor Involved:
•Community provided land • Community is provided land as part of
•Building has been constructed the initial investment, At the same
•Purchase refill water machine time they also are employed as
•Business plan has been workers in the construction process
prepared and will be the customers of the
bussiness provided.
•Set-up community based
business unit and its mechanism • Community Based Business Unit is
the community group who will manage
the bussiness
• Local Government is facilitate the
construction process through
monitoring and together with
community organisation as well as
local leader monitor the bussiness
operation.

26. Project Investment Cost
Unit Cost Total Cost
Cost Item Unit (US$) (US$) Source
Community
16m2 5 80 contribution
Land
ESCAP Project
Machine Purchasing 2,200
1 2,200
ESCAP Project
Construction of building 1,600 1,600 and Community
1
ESCAP
Technical Assistance 200 200
1
ESCAP Project
Equipments 137.5 137.5
1
Business start-up cost 782.5 ESCAP Project
4 978.2
(4 months)
Total Investment 5,000
26

27. Pilot Project #3:
Improved Sanitation Facility
in Dermayon and Sukawana
Problem:
– Most of houses do not have individual toilet
– Open defecation (public space and river)
– Less awareness on environmental health
– The quality of ground water is deteriorated
– Poor drainage system
– Densely populated area and poor settlement
27

28. Pilot Project #3:
Improved Sanitation Facility
in Dermayon and Sukawana
Proposed Intervention:
• Training on Community Total Led Sanitation
(CLTS) to increase community awareness
on the importance of healthy life and reduce
number of open defecation in the area. This
training was organized by Pokja AMPL
Serang District.
• Provision of adequate and appropriate
sanitation facilities: shared septic tank and
individual septic tank
• Technical assistance for community to
construct and to improve low cost and
appropriate individual toilet 28

29. Pilot Project #3:
Improved Sanitation Facility
in Dermayon and Sukawana
Progress to Date: Actors Involves:
• Communities in both areas have • Bali Fokus provide technical
agreeed that shared septic tank as assistance for designing low cost
the first priority for the project. but appropriate and healthy toilet
and supervising the construction.
• In Dermayon, 4 (four) shared
septic tanks and 5 (five) individual • The skilled-community involved in
septic tanks have been built. the construction works
• In Sukawana, 2 (two) shared
septic tanks have been built. • Community involve din providing
land, digging and build their own
• Around 55 individual septic tanks individual toilets
are now under the construction
(17 in Dermayon and 38 in
Sukawana)

30. Training on CLTS
• Organized by Pokja AMPL Serang District
• The training was aimed:
‒ To improve understanding towards the importance of basic
sanitation
‒ To increase their awareness on water and sanitation issues
particularly on basic sanitation (toilet provision)
‒ To share their experience with other community in their area
and to stimulate the awareness of community on the
importance of healthy life
• There are 5 (five) people from Dermayon and 5 (five) peeople
from Sukawana participated in the training program.

31. Technical Considerations and Recommendation
Sukawana Village Kampung Dermayon
Main issues : Main issues :
•Densely populated area •Densely populated area
•Bathing and washing using water from shallow •Bathing and washing using water from shallow
well, river and rain water well, river and rain water.
•For defecation, most of the communities go to •For defecation, most of the communities use the
the river or open space river or open space
•Limited space for wastewater treatment plant
•Poor drainage for discharging the effluent and
grey water
Technical Condition and Feasibility Result : Technical Condition and Feasibility Result :
•Source of wastewater: Domestic wastewater •Source of wastewater: Domestic wastewater
(toilet, bathing and washing) (toilet, bathing and washing/ black and grey
•Land ownerships: Private own water)
•Water resources: Public hydrant and shallow •Land ownerships: Own by private/individual
well •Water resources: Public hydrant and shallow
•Water table: 50 cm below the ground surface well
•Drainage condition: Flowing, no stagnant water •Water table: 30- 50 cm below the ground surface
•Elevation : Slope approximately 0,5 - 1 % •Drainage condition: Poor condition and Stagnant
•Access for logistic and desludging: Accessible water
for medium size truck until the main road. From •Elevation : Relatively flat
main road to the site, require logistic transfer •Access for logistic and desludging: Accessible
for medium size truck until the main road. And
from main road to the site, require logistic transfer
31

32. Technical Considerations and Recommendation
Sukawana Village Kampung Dermayon
Technical options for sanitation: Technology option for sanitation:
•Individual septic tank using common shape of •Individual septic tank using common shape of
septic tank (rectangular) septic tank (rectangular)
•Individual septic tank using round shape •Individual septic tank using round shape
concrete concrete
•Individual septic tank using BioFil (pre-fab) •Individual septic tank using BioFil (pre-fab)
•Shared septic tank •Shared septic tank
•Public toilet •Public toilet
•Simplified sewerage system •Simplified sewerage system
Recommendation: Recommendation:
•Individual septic tank using common shape of •Shared septic tank for 3-5 HH
septic tank (rectangular) •Individual Septic Tank
•Individual septic tank using BioFil (pre-fab)
•Shared Septic Tank
Option Choiced Option Choiced
• Individual septic tank using BioFil (pre-fab) • Individual septic tank using BioFil (pre-fab)
• Shared Septic Tank • Shared Septic Tank
32

33. Shared Septic Tank for 3‐5 HHs (18 M3)
Source: BALI FOKUS

34. Individual Septic‐tank using round concrete (80cm)
Source: BALI FOKUS

35. Construction Works: Shared Septic
Tank
35

36. Construction Works: Individual
Septic Tanks
36

37. Project Intervention to Basic Sanitation
Improvement
Number of House House with % Target UNESCAP
Toilet Beneficiaries
Village Sukawana*
RT 01B 109 8 7.3 16
RT 01A 89 4 4.5 13
RT 04 200 5 2.5 16
Kp. Dermayon
RT 04 194 88 45 15
RT 05 121 62 51 13
RT 06 124 48 39 16
Note:
•The intervention consist of Share septic tank (serve for 3-5 Houses) and individual Septic tank
(serve for 1 house)
•Currently 6 share septic tanks (4 in Dermayon and 2 in Sukawana) and 5 individual septic tanks
(in Dermayon) have been constructed.

38. Some Lesson Learned (1)
• The involvement of Pokja AMPL Serang District since the project
formulation has been increasing the understanding on the project
process.
– Pokja AMPL has been involved in project activities such as community
consultation, coordination meeting, pilot project approval and monitoring
project implementation.
– In other similar project, the Pokja involvement is quite limited, sometime
they just approved the project without knowing detail project
implementation
• Increasing communication between community and local government
regarding the improvement of water and sanitation facilities in the
poor area.
– The project has been facilitated communication between community in
Dermayon and PDAM (Local Water Enterprise) to get piped water
connection. They have tried to apply for piped water connection since
2002.
– Communication between Village Authority and community in Sukawana
in preparing pilot project proposal for refill-water business and also 38
priority locations for shared septic tanks.

39. Some Lesson Learned (2)
• Community participation has came into an essential meaning when
there is balance combination between process and implemented action
in the project
– The project approach has been combined the importance of project
process and stakeholder capacity building as well as the pilot
implementation which provide direct benefit to the community.
– Increasing community contribution to the project implementation such
as: voluntarily work for digging the land and provision of individual toilets
• The project result in preparing strategic action plan on WSES at village
level could be adapted to other similar projects in the future
– Pokja AMPL will propose the strategic action plan on WSES in
Dermayon and Sukawana as instrumen tto integrate other similar project
interventions in the area
– There is an effort from Pokja AMPL to integrate other project with the
pilot project intervention (i.e: in case of piped water connection, the LG
has allocated budget in FY 2009 to expand the PDAM service in
surrounding Dermayon area) 39

40. Replicability to other municipalities
• The existence of Active Working Group on Water Supply and
Environmental Sanitation (WSES) at City/District Level
• Local government commitment to support policy framework (i.e
Renstra AMPL) and budget allocation for coordination and supervision.
• The assistance from Local NGO and/or research institutions working
on policy making process and water and sanitation aspect
• Support from external agencies to finance the process as well as the
pilot implementation
40

41. Thank You
Contact Detail:
Urban and Regional Development Institute (URDI)
Rukan Royal Palace Block C‐3
Jl. Prof. dr. Soepomo, SH Kav. 178A
Menteng Dalam, Jakarta 12870‐Indonesia
Telp: +62‐21 8312087, 83785532
Fax: +62‐21 8312196
THANK YOU
Homepage: www.urdi.org
E‐mail : wahyu@urdi.org 41