Alcatel-Lucent has a FOSS governance process in place since 2002. We have improved this process over years to cope with all aspects of our business (outsourcing developments, contributing to FOSS, merge and acquisition of companies,) and with new technologies (maven, bit-torrent, DRM, cloud computing). We shall discuss the process but also that implementing and keeping efficient such a process in a big company it is a true challenge and a daily task: thousands of people from many different organizations (R&D, lawyers, procurement, product quality, suppliers) need to be aware and involved. This presentation will stress the factors of success and the pitfalls to avoid in order to successfully and safely manage the use of FOSS in a big software company.

1. FREE AND/OR OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE (FOSS)
IMPLEMENTING AN EFFICIENT AND SAFE
FOSS STRATEGY IN A GLOBAL COMPANY
Michel Ruffin & Philippe Richard, Alcatel-Lucent - Bell Labs - Corporate CTO
September 2011
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2. ALCATEL-LUCENT
BACKGROUND
% of 2010 revenues
N. America: ~36% Europe: ~32% Asia Pacific: ~18% Rest of world: ~14%
• Sells anything in the network • 79 000+ employees
for communication • 27 900 active patents
Russia
Romania
- Network access Ireland • Present in more than
Poland
- Core network UK Slovakia
Canada Belgium 130 countries
- Transmission technologies France
• 600+ new development
Germany Turkey
- Applications
USA Netherlands projects per year South Korea
Italy Israel China
- Professional services Spain • Numerous suppliers and
Taiwan
India
• Customers outsourced developments
- Network operators • Several acquisitions of
Singapore
(around 1500 in the world) companies per year
- Strategic industries Brazil • Product life can be from
- Enterprises 1 to 20 years Australia
Executive Business Centers
- Indirectly: end users: Research Centers
Product & Solution
anybody in the world Development Centers
2
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

3. SOFTWARE R&D AND FOSS TOMORROW
INDUSTRY TRENDS
TODAY
YESTERDAY
A proprietary
SW product A FOSS
Trend line distributor/integrator
Proprietary R&D
FOSS We stand here
res
to f featu
ize and se cost
le xity: s integ ration Development cost
Comp onent
Comp
Development cost FOSS
Development cost Trends: R&D becomes a shared effort
3
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

4. FOSS USE IN
ALCATEL-LUCENT
• Strategy: use FOSS whenever possible It is also about
• Use FOSS distributors / supporting • Innovation
companies whenever possible
- Using FOSS accelerate innovation
- E.g. Linux - Android is our strategy
- Re-use avoid to re-invent the wheel
• 20% to 80% of an Alcatel-Lucent
product code is FOSS (42% in • Provide freedom to our customers
average today) - Provide them standard solutions to
develop additional services
• Basic rationale
- Remove supplier lock-in - Reduce their need to adapt their solutions
for each supplier
- Reduce R&D costs
- Create an internal and external community • New Business model: Moving from a
on common software HW/SW supplier to a service supplier
- Provide our contribution to - Compete on quality, customer care,
the communities innovation
4
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

5. ALCATEL-LUCENT
A CONTRIBUTOR TO FOSS
• Contributions to tools • FOSS Forums and standardization
- Expat suite of tools, GForge/ Fusionforge • Linux foundation: Alcatel-Lucent is one of
• Contribution to FOSS bug Fix the 9 founders of carrier grade Linux group
(Part of OSDL in 2001)
• Contribution to new developments
• FOSSBazaar: Alcatel-Lucent participate to
- Corba component model on top of Mico
SPDX standard and promote it.
(GPL/LGPL licenses)
- Plan9 (operating system under Lucent public • FOSSBazaar: we will continue the
license) standardization of FOSS governance process.
• Indirect contributions to non core telecom • OWF: we are a sponsor
business through FOSS distributors • Systematic: head of FOSS project committee
- We pay ten’s of million$ per year to FOSS
• OVA: Open Virtualization Alliance we are in
distributors for enhancements to OS,
database, middleware, ….
the process of being a member
FOSS GOVERNANCE IS NOT ONLY A MATTER OF LAW,
AS A GOOD CITIZEN COMPANY, WE RESPECT THE PHILOSOPHY
BEHIND FOSS LICENSES AND WE CONTRIBUTE
5
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

6. YOU NEED A STRONG
FOSS GOVERNANCE PROCESS!
• Governance process started in 2002 • Numbers and facts
- Process scope: - 160+ people trained to
- FOSS selection, select/authorize/forbid FOSS
and implement the process
- use of detection tools,
- 1000s of people trained to
- outsourcing developments, basic tutorial
- professional services, - 3500 FOSS in Alcatel-Lucent FOSS database
- Information technology, (describing risk issues)
- merge and acquisitions, - Alcatel-Lucent is committed to align on
- packaging Alcatel-Lucent products, SPDX/FOSSBazaar standard
- suppliers contracts, - All new contracts with suppliers contains
FOSS clauses
- contributing to FOSS.
- Alcatel-Lucent is willing to share a common
- Implementation nearly completed governance process with other companies
- Process still under evolution
6
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

7. ALCATEL-LUCENT
BASIC FOSS PROCESS
• Being able to identify FOSS in
each Alcatel-Lucent product INITIATOR, E.G.
160 FOSS
evaluators
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT
- R&D identify all FOSS used OR PROCUREMENT
1. Check 5. Can you confirm
- Use tools (Blackduck/protex, A, B, C that B is a library?
fossology) to detect FOSS in 6. Set B risks Support Core team
Alcatel-Lucent products for difficult
evaluation
evaluators
3. Add B
FOSS expert
- Third party software 4. Evaluate B
2. A is OK, C is
companies’ FOSS identified forbidden, B is
Lawyers
not described
(suppliers, outsourcing in the database
companies, acquisitions)
FOSS database Purchasing
- All FOSS used must
be authorized FOSS EXECUTIVE
MEET EVERY WEEK COMMITTEE
SINCE 2007!
• Correct packaging of FOSS
in Alcatel-Lucent products
7
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

8. EVERYTHING AVAILABLE
FROM INTRANET
• Several tutorials on line:
from 10’ to one day
TRANSLATED IN
11 LANGUAGES
• Mailing lists 600 people
• Linux dedicated page
• Tools
80+ PAGES OF
DOCUMENTATION • Major Licenses description
• How to contribute
to FOSS
•…
8
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

9. THAT’S NOT
ENOUGH!
Having an internal process does
not mean that it is implemented
• First
- Start at high level with legal and high executives
- Explain to R&D the issues
- Strong communication is needed
• Second
- Come from a light FOSS process to a strong one
- Start with a basic process
- Adapt the process to complex situations
- Have a committee with lawyers that can
address issues
- Create documents – web sites, mailing lists, fora
- Be Flexible
9
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

10. THE MOST
IMPORTANT
Do not impose a process if you cannot implement it
• Resources must be available and must increase with
implementation level
• Provide exceptions for transient situations
• Be flexible
• Do not discourage people for implementing the process
• Tools need to be tailored with load
10
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

11. FACTORS OF SUCCESS
IN ALCATEL-LUCENT
• An effective and open-minded legal infrastructure
• A strict quality process which easily incorporate FOSS specificities
• Several corporate communications networks (Procurement, R&D,
legal, …)
• The use of tools (e.g. Protex/Blackduck and FOSSology) to detect
issues and inform executives of their product potential exposure
• A continuous decentralization of the process
11
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

12. PITFALLS
• Having only a top-down (from executives) or bottom-up
(from engineers) approach
- Middle management enrolment is key to success
• Having a rigid and/or static process
- Each group in a global organization has its own way of working
- Build your process bit by bit as you discover new internal issues
- The process needs to evolve continually according to new technologies
and situations and the maturity of the company on FOSS
• Centralizing the process
- Not sustainable in a global company
- The process must be implementable
12
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

13. NEW CHALLENGES FOR ALCATEL-LUCENT
• Standardizing the process with other companies
- Move to the SPDX standard
- Go further in standardizing FOSS governance process
• Keeping up with new business models
- Cloud computing, SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, …
• Keeping up with recent technologies
- Maven – dynamic internet download of Java software at runtime
- Bit torrent propagation – automatic propagation of software between servers
- DRM or CAS software – limit to multimedia content access
• Improving our process
- Automate the measurement of the process implementation
13
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

14. CONCLUSIONS
• A long and persistent effort: started in 2002 in Alcatel-Lucent
- All company must embrace the effort
• Process must grow at the same speed as awareness
• A symmetric inter-companies effort – companies must be partners
- Customer requirements are similar to what we request from suppliers
• Emerging standards must be followed (e.g. FOSSBaazar group)
• Be ready to third party requests
FOSS GOVERNANCE IS NOT ONLY A MATTER OF LAW,
AS A GOOD CITIZEN COMPANY, WE RESPECT THE PHILOSOPHY
BEHIND FOSS LICENSES AND WE CONTRIBUTE
14
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

15. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
ABOUT THIRD-PARTY PICTURES
USED IN THIS PRESENTATION
• Firefox Nebula (slide 1): • La liberté guidant le peuple (13):
MPL (Mozila Public License) Public Domain
http://www.aidoweb.com/tutoriaux/themes-personas- (painting in Louvre from Eugène Delacroix)
tout-personnaliser-firefox-675 http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroi
x_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg
• GNU Meditate levitate (8):
GFDL1.2+
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gnu_meditate_le
vitate.png?uselang=fr
• Radeau de la méduse (11):
Public domain
(painting in Louvre from Théodore Géricault,
photo from University la Sorbone – Paris I)
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Th%C3%A9odore_G
%C3%A9ricault_-
_Le_Radeau_de_la_M%C3%A9duse.jpg#file
15
COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

16. COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.