My sql 5.6&MySQL Cluster 7.3

<I n s e r t Pi c t u r e H e r e >

M y SQL 5 .6 & M y SQL Cl u s t e r 7 .3
Ov e r v i e w
Oleksii(Alexey) Porytskyi
Senior Principal Consultant
oleksii.porytskyi@oracle.com

1

Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Insert Information Protection Policy Classification from Slide 12

Safe Harbor Statement

The following is intended to outline our general
product direction. It is intended for information
purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any
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material, code, or functionality, and should not be
relied upon in making purchasing decisions.The
development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains
at the sole discretion of Oracle.

2

Agenda – MySQL 5.6 New
Features
• InnoDB
• Performance
• Full-Text Search
• NoSQL
• Optimizer

• MySQL Improvements
• Replication
• Security
3

MySQL 5.6 SysBench Benchmarks

MySQL 5.6

MySQL 5.5
Oracle Linux 6
Intel(R) Xeon(R) E7540 x86_64
MySQL leveraging:
- 48 of 96 available CPU threads
- 2 GHz, 512GB RAM

Up to 151% Performance Gain

MySQL 5.6 SysBench Benchmarks

MySQL 5.6

MySQL 5.5

Up to 234% Performance Gain

Oracle Linux 6
Intel(R) Xeon(R) E7540 x86_64
MySQL leveraging:
- 48 of 96 available
CPU threads
- 2 GHz, 512GB RAM

InnoDB

6

Performance - Online DDL
• DDL - SQL statements for changing
database
• Automatically commit transactions
• Historically expensive
• 5.6 enhances optimized CREATE
DROP INDEX statements
• The ALTER

TABLE

INDEX

and

process is much faster
7


Performance - Buffer Pool Pre-loading
• Load buffer pool at startup
• Load buffer pool on command (now)
• Dump buffer pool at shutdown
• Dump buffer pool now
buffer pool

1

(list of pages from pool)

2

3

shutdown - list of pages dumped

1,2,3...

1

2

buffer pool

start-up - list of pages reloaded

8

Performance - SSD
Improvements
• 4k and 8k page sizes
• InnoDB Compression
• Portable .ibd (InnoDB data) files
• Separate tablespaces for the InnoDB UNDO
log

9

Performance – Redo / Undo Logs
• Redo Logs:
• Increased from 4GB to 512GB (1TB total)
• Improves performance of:
• write-heavy workloads
• long-running transactions

• Undo Logs:
• Moves InnoDB UNDO out of system tablespace
• Good candidate to move to SSD
• I/O and memory optimization

10

NoSQL
• memcached as a daemon plugin of mysqld
• InnoDB handles memory caching
• ADD, SET, INCR stored to disk

12

Optimizer Improvements
• Subquery Optimizations
• Index Condition Pushdown
• File Sort Optimization
•

SELECT col1, ... FROM t1 ...

•

ORDER BY name LIMIT 10;

• Batched Key Access (BKA) and Multi-Range
Read (MRR)
• Persistent Optimizer Stats
13

MySQL Improvements

14

Other MySQL Improvements
• Remote Binlog Backup
• Server UUID’s
• Fractional seconds for TIME, DATETIME, and
TIMESTAMP
mysql> SELECT MICROSECOND('2010-12-10 14:12:09.219473');
+-------------------------------------------+
| MICROSECOND('2010-12-10 14:12:09.019473') |
+-------------------------------------------+
|

219473 |

+-------------------------------------------+
15

MySQL Partition Import/Export
• Exchange table partition/sub-partition with nonpartitioned table
• Rows in non-partitioned table must be in the range
of partition/sub-partition
• Foreign keys not supported
• Triggers are not invoked

16

Replication

17

Replication I
• Global Transaction ID’s (GTID’s)
• GTID Utilities
• Self-Healing Replication Clusters
• Multi-Threaded Slaves
• Binary Log Group Commit
• Time-delayed replication slaves

18

Replication II
• Informational Log Events
• Optimized Row-Based Replication
• Crash Safe Slaves and Binlog
• Data Integrity - Replication Event
Checksums
• New MySQL Replication Utilities
• mysqlfailover
• mysqlrpladmin
19

Security

20

MySQL Enterprise Audit
• Policy-based auditing
• Logging of connections, logins, query activity
• User defined policies, filtering and log rotation
• Dynamically enabled/disabled: no server restart
• XML-based audit stream
• Version MySQL 5.5.28 and higher
• Adds regulatory compliance to MySQL
applications.
• HIPAA, Sarbanes-Oxley, PCI, etc.

21

MySQL Enterprise Audit Flow
1. DBA Enables on Server1
3. Joe’s connection, login and query
logged

2. User Joe Connects and Queries Server1

22

MySQL 5.6 Security Improvements I
•Storing authentication credentials in
.mylogin.cnf
# mysql_config_editor set --login-path=local
--host=localhost --user=localuser --password

$ ls -la /var/root/.mylogin.cnf
-rw-------

1 root

wheel

136 Aug

8 15:15 .mylogin.cnf

$ file .*cnf
.mylogin.cnf: data

23

MySQL 5.6 Security Improvements II
•Stronger encryption for user account
passwords (SHA-256)
[mysqld]
default-authentication-plugin=sha256_password

24

MySQL 5.6 Security Improvements III
•User password expired column (5.6.6)
mysql> select host, user, password_expired from user where user =
"WebUser" and host = ‘localhost’;
+-------------+---------+------------------+
| host

| user

| password_expired |

+-------------+---------+------------------+
| localhost

| test

| Y

|

+-------------+---------+------------------+
root@MacBook-Tony:~$ mysql --host=localhost -utest -p
Enter password:
mysql> select 1;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this
statement
25

MySQL 5.6 Security Improvements IV
•Provision for establishing password security policy
validate_password.so plugin
[mysqld]
plugin-load=validate_password.so
validate-password=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
validate_password_policy_number = 2
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN validate_password SONAME 'validate_password.so';

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+---------------+
| Variable_name

| Value

|

+--------------------------------------+---------------+
| validate_password_dictionary_file

| pass_dict.txt |

| validate_password_length

| 8

|

| validate_password_mixed_case_count

| 1

|

| validate_password_number_count

| 1

|

| validate_password_policy_number

| STRONG

|

file is located in your data directory

| validate_password_special_char_count | 1

|

+--------------------------------------+---------------+

(validate_password_policy_number = 2
must be set to a value of 2)

26

MySQL 5.6 Security
Improvements V
•SQL function VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH()
Return
Value

mysql> select VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH ('test');

Password Test

+-------------------------------------+

Length < 4

| VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH ('test') |

Length ≥ 4 and <
25
validate_password_length

+-------------------------------------+
|

0

Satisfies policy 1
(WEAK)

25 |

+-------------------------------------+
mysql> select VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH ('Wh4tAr3Y0u!');
+--------------------------------------------+

50

Satisfies policy 2
(MEDIUM)

75

Satisfies policy 3
(STRONG)

100

| VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH ('Wh4tar3Y0u!') |
+--------------------------------------------+
|

100 |

+--------------------------------------------+

27

MySQL 5.6 Security Improvements VI
•Non-usable passwords file
echo “ilovepizza2!” > pass_dict.txt

mysql> CREATE USER 'test3'@'192.168.1.2'
IDENTIFIED BY 'ilovepizza2!’;
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not
satisfy the current policy requirements

28

 Foreign Key Support
 Connection Thread Scalability
 NoSQL JavaScript for node.js

29

Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Oracle reserves the right to change the content and timing of all future releases

 MySQL 5.6
 Auto-Installer

MySQL Cluster 7.3 Foreign Keys
Cluster 7.3: Foreign Keys
MySQL
•

Brings MySQL Cluster to a broader range of workloads
•

•

Adds powerful functionality while reducing complexity
•

•
•
•

30

Packaged apps, custom projects
App logic & data model

Enabled by default
Enforced for SQL & NoSQL APIs
On-line add and drop


MySQL Cluster 7.3 Foreign Keys
Cluster 7.3: Foreign Keys
MySQL
•

Implementation goal: compatibility with InnoDB
• Easy migration of solutions already working with InnoDB
• Natively implemented in the storage engine
• Created in SQL
• Enforced in SQL & NoSQL
• C++, ClusterJ, memcached, node.js
http://www.clusterdb.com/mysql-cluster/foreign-keys-in-mysql-cluster/

31


Foreign Keys-Example
Foreign Keys - Example
mysql> CREATE TABLE towns (town VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
county VARCHAR(30)
INDEX county_county_index (county),
CONSTRAINT county_town FOREIGN KEY (county) REFERENCES counties(county)
ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
ENGINE=ndb;
…
mysql> DELETE FROM counties WHERE county=’Berkshire';
ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails
(Unknown error code)
mysql> SHOW WARNINGS;
+---------+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level

| Code | Message
|

+---------+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1296 | Got error 256 'Foreign key constraint violated: Referenced row exists' from
NDB
|
| Error
| 1451 | Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails
(Unknown error code) |
+---------+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

32


Storage Engine Compability
Storage Engine Compatibility
I n n o DB

M y I SA M

M y SQL Cl u s t e r

✔

✖

✔

CA SCA DE

✔

N/A

✔

U PDA T E

✔

N/A

No PK UPDATE

DEL ET E

✔

N/A

✔

REST RI CT

✔

N/A

✔

Same as RESTRICT

N/A

Deferred Check

✔

N/A

✔

Fo r e i g n K e y s

N O A CT I ON

SET N U L L

34


MySQL Cluster 7.3: NoSQL
Access to data

M y SQL Cl u s t e r Da t a N o de s

35

MySQL Cluster 7.3 – Node.js
MySQL Cluster 7.3:
NoSQL API
•

Native JavaScript access to MySQL
Cluster

•

End-to-End JavaScript: browser to the
app & DB

•

Storing and retrieving JavaScript objects
directly in MySQL Cluster

•
•
•

36


Eliminate SQL transformation
• Implemented as a module for node.js
Integrates Cluster API library within the
web app
Optionally routes through MySQL Server

InnoDB vs NDB Considerations
vs NDB Considerations
InnoDB
I n n o DB

N DB /Cl u s t e r

Fo r e i g n K e y s

✔

✔

M a x Ro w Si ze

64K

14K

Range, List, Key, Hash

Key only

A u t o -s h a r d i n g

X

✔

Min num of servers

1

3

memcache

NDBAPI (C/C++)
memcache
node.js (JavaScript)
ClusterJ (Java)
mod_ndb (Apache module)

T a b l e Pa r t i t i o n i n g

N o SQL A c c e s s

37


MSQL Cluster 7.3:MySQL 5.6 Support
MySQL 5.6 Support
MySQL Cluster 7.3 –
Select storage engine per

table
Local
InnoDB
Tables

Local
InnoDB
Tables

– InnoDB
 Large Rows, DSS Queries, FTS

– NDB/Cluster
 Auto-sharding, real-time, HA

Uses latest MySQL 5.6

Server
MySQL Cluster NDB Storage Engine

– Enhanced Optimizer
– Replication Checksums
– Time-Delayed Replication

38


MySQL Cluster 7.3 – Connection Thread
Scalability
Increases throughput of

MySQL Cluster Data Nodes

each connection to the
data layer
Increases cluster
scalability
– Each connection

Wi t h Co n n e c t i o n
T h r e a d Sc a l a b i l i t y

consumes one of 256
node ids
Up to 8x higher

MySQL Cluster Data Nodes

39


performance per
connection
– SQL & NoSQL interfaces

MySQL Cluster 7.3 Auto-Installer
•
•
•
•

Fast configuration
Auto-discovery
Workload optimized
Repeatable best
practices
• MySQL Cluster 7.2
& 7.3


Auto-Discover

Deploy

40

Specify Workload

Define
Topology

Questions?

41

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