Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Materials and methods slides lecture 4
1. Materials and Teaching Techniques
Materials & Methods for TESOL
Leigh Lawrence
July 21, 2012
2. Teaching English Language
Skills
Goal of general English courses:
To improve students’ skills in all
four components of the language
(speaking, reading, writing, listening)
3. Teaching Grammar
One of the most difficult areas of language to teach
Your understanding of grammar will help in addressing
challenges and errors made by ELLs
to enable students to carry out the grammar point that
you are teaching for communicative purposes
4. Teaching Grammar
Teaching Tips/Grammar:
Students need overt, explicit instruction
No need to master all rules of grammar--only the rules
relevant to the task
Make it fun!!!
Facilitate understanding by teaching the grammar points in
the target language.
Limit the time you devote to grammar explanations to 10
minutes
Present grammar points in written and oral ways to address
the needs of students with different learning styles.
5. Teaching Listening
Listening
the ability to process, understand, interpret, and
evaluate spoken language in a variety of situations
(World Class Instructional Design and Assessment
Consortium Resource Guide, 2007)
6. Teaching Listening
Language learners use listening as it serves as the
foundation for language development, comprehension,
and identification of relevant/non-relevant information
Listening comprehension needs to be an interactive
process (TPR)
Keep in mind that complete recall of all information is
unrealistic in designing listening activities
7. Teaching Listening
Stages of Listening:
Pre-listening: state the purpose of listening
Listening task: the actual listening for obtaining
information or gist and then doing something with it
Post-listening: allows students to evaluate success in
carrying out the task to integrate listening with other
language skills
8. Teaching Listening
Activities offering practice in
Listening skills development:
Listening to a teacher give instructions
Listening to someone give a planned speech
Listening to someone in an unplanned monologue (i.e.
going on and on about something)
Listening by taking part in a conversation
9. Listening Strategies
techniques that help your students to comprehend and recall
information. Strategies are categorized by how your
students process the information
Top-down strategies
Listener based strategies where the student uses background
knowledge of a topic
Bottom-up strategies
Text-based where the student relies on the language in a text to
derive meaning
10. Teaching Listening
Examples of listening language instruction:
Listening and repeating
Listening/Answering Question
Task listening
11. Teaching Speaking
Speaking
oral communication used in variety of
situations for a variety of
purposes and audiences (WIDA, 2007)
12. Teaching Speaking
ELL’s speaking needs are related to social conversation,
instructional conversation, and work-related conversation
Speaking requires ESL students to know how to produce
specific points of language such as grammar,
pronunciation, or
vocabulary.
Teaching speaking is challenging
13. Teaching Speaking
Teach speaking around “functional uses”
Prep students before the speaking activity
Drills, answering verbal cues, interactive
conversation, role-plays, oral presentations,
discussions, debates
14. Teaching Reading
Reading
The ability to process, understand, interpret, and
evaluate written language, symbols, and
text with understanding and fluency
(WIDA, 2007)
15. Teaching Reading
We read for a variety of purposes:
Main idea
Learn information
General comprehension
For enjoyment
Goal: gain fluency in silent reading with a high level of
comprehension
16. Teaching Reading
Suggestions
Pre-reading
Do not overload
Use relevant material
Be cognizant of reading levels
Allow dictionaries
Read in pairs
17. Teaching Writing
Writing
written communication used in a variety of
forms for a variety of purposes and audiences
(WIDA, 2007)
18. Teaching Writing
Writing requires skills specific to the process of writing
Most language learners do no unconsciously gain those
skills; they need instruction in them
Learning to write takes time
Meaningful learning and intrinsic motivation
19. Teaching Techniques
Synonymous terms to describe techniques include task,
activity, procedure, practice, exercise, strategy
Task-a specialized form of a technique
Activity-anything learners do in the language classroom
i.e., role-plays, drills, games, songs
Procedure-moment to moment techniques, practices, and
behaviors that operate in teaching a language
Practice/Exercise/Strategies—aka “techniques”
Techniques—various activities that either teachers or
students perform in the classroom
20. Selecting Teaching
Techniques
“Get to know your students”
Pay attention to non-verbal behavior
Select according to appropriate proficiency level
Teach according to your situation
21. Categories of Teaching
Techniques
Manipulative
Techniques are controlled by the teacher
Communicative
Techniques encouraging open-ended and/or unpredictable
responses by students
Both can be used at all proficiency levels