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Education and Advocacy Track:
Planning and Best Practices for
Community Responses
Presenters:
• Veronica Nunley, MS, Director of Organizational
Development, Pathways, Inc.
• Mary Elizabeth “Mel” Elliott, Vice President of
Communications, Membership and IT, Community
Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA)
• Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT, Public Health Educator and
Sanitarian, Jackson County (WV) Health Department,
and Project Director, Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition
Moderator: Tom Handy, Chair, Operation UNITE Board of
Directors
Disclosures
Veronica Nunley, MS; Mary Elizabeth “Mel” Elliott; Amy
RH Haskins, MA, SIT; and Tom Handy have disclosed no
relevant, real, or apparent personal or professional
financial relationships with proprietary entities that
produce healthcare goods and services.
Disclosures
• All planners/managers hereby state that they or their
spouse/life partner do not have any financial
relationships or relationships to products or devices
with any commercial interest related to the content of
this activity of any amount during the past 12 months.
• The following planners/managers have the following to
disclose:
– Kelly Clark – Employment: Publicis Touchpoint Solutions;
Consultant: Grunenthal US
– Robert DuPont – Employment: Bensinger, DuPont &
Associates-Prescription Drug Research Center
– Carla Saunders – Speaker’s bureau: Abbott Nutrition
Learning Objectives
1. Demonstrate the Prevention on Purpose:
Planning for Outcomes model for community
engagement in Rx drug abuse prevention.
2. Evaluate environmental and individual
prevention strategies for decreasing risk factors
and increasing protective factors.
3. Explain CADCA’s Seven Strategies for Community
Change for communities tackling OTC and Rx
drug abuse.
4. Describe best practices proving successful for
community coalitions across the U.S.
Planning and Best Practices for
Community Responses
Veronica A. Nunley, MA, CPS
has disclosed no relevant, real, or
apparent personal or professional
financial relationships with
proprietary entities that produce
health care goods and services.
Learning Objectives
1. Demonstrate the “Prevention on Purpose: Planning for
Outcomes” model for community engagement in Rx drug
abuse prevention.
2. Evaluate environmental and individual prevention strategies
for decreasing risk factors and increasing protective factors.
3. Explain CADCA’s “7 Strategies for Community Change” for
communities tackling OTC and Rx drug abuse.
4. Describe best practices proving successful for community
coalitions across the U.S.
HEALTH &
SAFETY
ECONOMIC
WORKPLACE
EDUCATION
LEGAL/LAW
ENFORCEMENT
OTHER MENTAL
HEALTH
COMMUNITY
SYSTEMS
PREVALENCE
Who (age, gender, etc.) is using/misusing
what (which substances), how frequently
(once a day, four times a day, only on
weekends), in what time fame (past 30 days,
past year, lifetime, etc.)
RISK FACTOR
characteristics or attributes that, if
present, make it more likely that
an individual will exhibit problem
behaviors.
PROTECTIVE FACTOR
characteristics which mediate or
moderate the effect of exposure to
risk factors, resulting in a reduced
incidence of problem behavior.
Research has shown…
• The number of risk factors students are
exposed to increases with age (one
study showed a three-fold increase from
the 6th to the 11th grade)
• Findings from several studies show a
linear relationship between the level of
risk exposure and problem behavior
• An increase in risk exposure increases
the likelihood of subsequent problem
behavior
• Risk and protective factors are not
reciprocal
• Some risk and protective factors are
more salient than others
Domains
• Individual
• Peer
• Family
• School
• Community
Individual/Interpersonal – individual characteristics and
attributes that influence one’s own alcohol, tobacco,
and other drug choices.
• Favorable attitudes toward
drug use
• Misperception of social
disapproval and harmful
consequences of drug abuse
• Academic failure
• Perceived availability of
alcohol, tobacco, and other
drugs
• Genetic susceptibility
• Antisocial behavior in late
childhood and early
adolescence
• High sensation-seeking
behavior
• Low self-esteem
• Low commitment to school
• Low social bonding
• Conduct problems
• Aggressiveness
• Shyness, alienation, and
rebelliousness
Peer Group Risk Factors - relationships with peers
and friends that positively or negatively impact
personal alcohol, tobacco,
and other drug choices.
• Bonding to a peer group
that uses alcohol and drugs
• Bonding to a peer group
that engages in other
delinquent activities
• Deliberate selection of alcohol or other drug using peers
• Social clique influence
• Peer pressure
• Rejection in elementary school
• Friendship of other rejected children
Family Risk Factors - family characteristics/dynamics that
positively or negatively impact individual alcohol,
tobacco, and other drugs choices.
• Family conflict
• Low levels of family bonding
• Poor family management or
communication
• Parental or sibling
substance abuse
• Perceived parental
permissiveness toward
drug/alcohol use
• Coercive discipline style
• Inconsistent parental
discipline
• Parental rejection
• Lack of family rituals
• Lack of extended family or
support systems
• Stress and dysfunction caused
by death, divorce,
incarceration of parent, or low
income
• Sexual and physical
abuse
School Risk Factors - school characteristics and
formal/informal policies implemented in school
systems.
• Academic failure
• Norms conducive to use of
drugs
• Lack of appreciation for school
• Less school involvement
• Lack of opportunities for
involvement and reward
• Lack of support from school
environment/teachers
• Low student/teacher morale
Community Risk Factors - community
characteristics and formal/informal
policies implemented in community
systems.
• Poverty and lack of
employment
• Availability of drugs and
alcohol
• Not feeling a part of the
community
• Being in a community that
condones substance abuse
• Disorganized
neighborhoods lacking
active community
institutions/leadership
• Stress from social
situations
• Lack of youth involvement
in positive ways
• High rate of crime and
substance abuse
• Lack of economic mobility
• Lack of social supports
• High-population density
• Transient populations
• Physical deterioration
Protective Factors (Resiliency) – the ability to bounce or spring
back into shape or position; the ability to recover strength
or spirits quickly; or the ability to recover in the face of
hardship or trouble.
PERSONAL STRENGTHS
SOCIAL COMPETENCE
• Responsiveness
• Communication
• Empathy
• Caring
• Compassion
• Altruism
• Forgiveness
PROBLEM SOLVING
• Planning
• Flexibility
• Resourcefulness
• Critical Thinking
• Insight
AUTONOMY
• Positive Identity
• Internal Locus of Control
• Initiative
• Self-efficacy
• Mastery
• Adaptive distancing
• Resistance
• Self-awareness
• Mindfulness
• Humor
SENSE OFPURPOSE
• Goal Direction
• Achievement Motivation
• Educational Aspirations
• Special Interest
• Creativity
• Imagination
• Optimism
• Hope
• Faith/Spirituality
• Sense of Meaning
Resiliency – What We Have Learned, WestEd, Bonnie Bernard, 2003
Social domains – family, school, peer group and
neighborhood/community
FAMILY
• Healthy parenting styles – foster feeling
“connected,” satisfied with family relationships,
and feeling loved and cared for
• Caring relationships
• High and youth-centered expectations
• Opportunities for participation and contribution
SCHOOL
• Well-functioning learning community, meeting
young people’s basic psychological needs –
belonging and affiliation, sense of competence
and meaning, feelings of autonomy and safety
• Caring relationships in school
• High expectations in schools
• Opportunities for participation and contribution in
school
Resiliency – What We Have Learned, WestEd, Bonnie Bernard, 2003
Social domains – family, school, peer group
and neighborhood/community
COMMUNITY
• Caring and supportive community – especially
for youth with few family and school resources
• Quality neighborhood organizations – especially
for youth not receiving critical protective factors
in the families and schools
• Caring relationships in the community – formal
and informal mentoring
• High expectations in the community –
community in general, youth-serving
organizations, and community initiatives
Resilience-based Approaches
Asset-Based Community Development
Healthy Communities/Healthy Youth
Community Health Realization
Resiliency – What We Have Learned, WestEd, Bonnie Bernard, 2003
INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES - the
environments in which individual
children grow, learn, and mature
ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACHES - the
environment in which all children
encounter threats to their health
Designed to change an individual’s
attitudes or behaviors relating to ATOD use
Designed to change the social, political, and
economic context where ATODs are used
Programs may be run in schools,
churches, or community-based
organizations
Strategies may be developed and implemented
through various sectors in the community
Educate youth about the harmful effects of
ATOD, teach life skills, and build resiliency
Involves changing availability of ATODs, laws
and policies, and community norms
Approaches generally use existing social
mechanisms to reach young people and
others at risk, such as youth leaders,
teachers, and counselors
Approaches focus on norms, regulations, and
the availability of drugs working with broader
community systems
Focus on helping people develop the
knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to
change behavior
Focus on creating an environment that makes it
easier for people to act in healthy ways
Environmental strategies are not intended to replace prevention efforts
targeted at individuals. They are most effective when used in conjunction
with individual interventions. Combining environmental strategies with
individual strategies is sometimes called a “social ecological” model of
prevention.
Strategies Targeting
Individualized
Environments
Socialize, Instruct,
Guide, Counsel
Strategies Targeting the
Shared Environment
Support, Hinder
Factors in the Shared Environment
• Norms – Basic orientations
concerning the “rightness” or
“wrongness,” acceptability or
unacceptability, and/or deviance
of specific behaviors for a specific
group of individuals
• Availability – The inverse of the sum of resources
that must be expended to obtain a commodity –
alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, or other drugs
• Regulations – Formal or informal laws, rules, policies
that serve to control availability and codify
norms and that specify sanctions for
violations
• There exist regulations and policies that
discourage the behavior
• Community norms disapprove of the
behavior
• The commodities needed to engage in
the behavior are not easily available
THE PROBABILITY OF AN UNDESIRABLE
BEHAVIOR IS DECREASED TO THE EXTENT
THAT:
ASSESSMENT AND CAPACITY
BUILDING
• Organized based on data
• Six organizational meetings to “select”
chair, officers, and Executive Committee
• Community readiness key leader survey completed
• Community norms survey completed
• Youth focus groups
• 42 Coalition members trained in the Strategic Prevention
Framework (6 hours)
• 15-minute mini-trainings at every meeting
• Support and inclusion of faith community coalition
• Community activities – Red Ribbon Week
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
• A community in distress, hopelessness
• Over 550 individuals in the Kentucky State
Police catchment area under investigation for
prescription medication diversion (Florida)
• 71 Drug trafficking cases opened in the previous
15 months – 93% related to pills
• 12 cases (140 charges) opened in the previous
six months for doctor shopping
SOURCE: Department of Community Based
Services
Drug/Alcohol Risks
Present
Drug/Alcohol
Risks NOT
Present
Average Cumulative Risk Rating for Family
28 = Highest Risk to Child Safety
0 = No Risk to Child Safety
13.9 7.47
Average # of Prior Referrals to CPS 6.5 3.05
Average # Risks out of the Following 5:
mental health; criminal history; domestic
violence; serial relationships; income
issues
3.21 0.79
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
• From Child Protective Services:
o 461 families investigated
o 43.8% of families with reported drug/alcohol risks
o 76.4% of families with substantiated abuse/neglect and reported
drug/alcohol risks
o 66.7% of children who entered out-of-home care were in
families with reported drug/alcohol risks (including 60% of
children 3 years and younger who entered out-of-home care)
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
2011-12 State Testing Scores from the
Carter County Board of Education
2007 Community Readiness Score of
“3”
Vague Awareness
“Most community leaders feel that
there is a local problem, but there
is no immediate motivation to do
anything about it.”
PREVALENCE
Past 30 Day Use
6th Grade 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade
Substance 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010
Prescription Drugs 1% 0% 8% 1% 9% 3% 12% 3%
Past Year Use
6th Grade 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade
Substance 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010
Prescription Drugs 3% 1% 13% 3% 18% 7% 23% 6%
Lifetime Use
6th Grade 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade
Substance 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010
Prescription Drugs 4% 2% 17% 6% 23% 12% 29% 13%
STRATEGY
RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTOR
DOMAIN
Mass Media Campaign Community
- Billboards Community
- Local Radio Community
- Newspaper Community
- Sports Programs Community, School
- Faith Community Bulletin Inserts with Parent Pledge Family, Community
- Push Cards attached to all Bank Transactions Community
- Push Cards attached to all Pharmacy Transactions Community
- Posters/Push Cards in 47 Local Businesses Community
Court Watch Implementation Community
School Drug Testing Policy School
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
STRATEGY
RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTOR
DOMAIN
Pharmacy Policy – all pharmacies in the county Community
Safe Homes Initiative
Family, School,
Community
Law Enforcement DUI Checks Community
Advocacy for Drug Free Workplace Policy
Implementation
Community
County-wide Pain Clinic Ordinance Community
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
STRATEGY
RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTOR
DOMAIN
Implementation of Life Skills Substance Abuse
Prevention Curriculum, Grades 3-9
Individual, Peer, School
Information Dissemination (mailings to parents) Individual, Family
Coalition Training Individual, Community
Parent Training
Family, Individual,
Community
School Personnel Training Individual, School
Youth Training – Interactive Supplemental Prescription
Drug Curriculum (schools, faith youth groups, boy
scouts, girl scouts, 4-H groups, etc.)
Individual, Peer, School,
Community
Teens as Teachers Training Individual, Peer
Law Enforcement Training Community
INDIVIDUAL STRATEGIES
OUTCOMES!
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
MEASURE PAST 30-DAY USE PAST YEAR USE
YEAR 2004 2014 CHANGE 2004 2014 CHANGE
6th Grade 1% 1% -- 3% 1% - 2%
8th Grade 8% 1% -7% 13% 2% - 11%
10th Grade 9% 3% - 6% 18% 4% - 14%
12th Grade 12% 1% -11% 23% 4% - 19%
OXYCONTIN
MEASURE PAST 30-DAY USE PAST YEAR USE
YEAR 2004 2014 CHANGE 2004 2014 CHANGE
6th Grade 0% 1% + 1% 1% 4% + 3%
8th Grade 3% 1% -2% 4% 3% - 1%
10th Grade 4% 3% - 1% 6% 6% --
12th Grade 6% 1% -5% 12% 4% - 8%
OUTCOMES!
COLLEGE AND CAREER
READINESS SCORES
2010 23%
2011 32%
2012 56.6%
7TH GRADE EXPLORE*
TESTING
2009 15.1
2012 15.7
*Explore tests student readiness to
meet Act benchmarks.
ACT Scores
2011 17.2
2012 18.0
*Explore tests student readiness to
meet Act benchmarks.
9TH GRADE PLAN* TESTING
2009 15.6
2012 17.6
*plan tests student readiness to
meet Act benchmarks.
FROM THE CARTER COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Overall Score: 57.1 Overall Score: 69.2 Overall Score: 72.3
Proficient Cut
Scores: 58.4
Proficient Cut
Scores: 58.4
Distinguished Cut
Scores: 71.9
Percentile Rank in
Kentucky: 62nd
Percentile Rank in
Kentucky: 84th
Percentile Rank in
Kentucky: 91st
CLASSIFICATION:
Needs Improvement
CLASSIFICATION:
Proficient
CLASSIFICATION:
Distinguished
OUTCOMES!
COMMUNITY READINESS
2007 Stage 3 Vague Awareness
2009 Stage 5 Preparation
2013 Stage 6 Initiation
Initiation: “Enough information is available to justify efforts. Activities are
underway.”
Benefits of Planning for Outcomes
• Outcomes!
• Each strategy has an articulated purpose
• Encourages the use of evidence-based and
best practices
• Maximizes resource utilization
• Facilitates coalition and community buy-in
• Surpasses the “one child” philosophy
• Sustainability
Environmental
and Individual
Strategy
Risk and
Protective
Factors
Prevalence
Negative
Consequences
Veronica A. Nunley, MA, CPS
Director of Organizational Development, Pathways, Inc.
P.O. Box 790  Ashland, KY 41105-0790
ronne.nunley@pathways-ky.org
1-606-329-8588, extension 4109
It Takes a Coalition: Best Practices
from the Community Response to
Rx Drug Abuse
Mary E. Elliott
Vice President, Communications, Membership and IT
CADCA
Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT
Project Director, Jackson County Anti Drug Coalition
Public Health Educator & Sanitarian, Jackson County Health Department
51
Disclosure
• Mary Elliott, Vice President, Communications
Membership and IT, CADCA, has disclosed no
relevant, real or apparent personal or professional
financial relationships with proprietary entities that
produce health care goods and services.
• Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT, Project Director, Jackson
County Anti Drug Coalition, Public Health Educator &
Sanitarian, Jackson County Health Department, has
disclosed no relevant, real or apparent personal or
professional financial relationships with proprietary
entities that produce health care goods and services.
52
Who Is CADCA?
53
The Drug-Free Communities Program
• The U.S. has invested a total of $1.25 billion in the DFC
program since it began in 1998.
• The DFC Program has funded more than 2,000 coalitions
since it began.
• Currently, the U.S. has 680 DFC Grantees.
• CADCA was the driving force behind the passage of this
program and is the primary training and technical
assistance provider for the program.
54
Social Ecological Model
Coalitions engage at each step within this public
health model.
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/health_equity/culturalrelevance.html
55
Community anti-drug coalitions recognize that substance use/abuse prevention
is unique and involves:
• Reducing access and availability;
• Enforcing consequences;
• Changing attitudes and perceptions;
• Changing social norms;
• Raising awareness about costs and consequences; and
• Building skills in youth, parents and communities to deal with these issues
effectively.
CADCA Member Coalitions Address the Prescription
Drug Epidemic at the Local Level
56
CADCA Trains Coalitions on Seven
Comprehensive Change Strategies
57
Case Study:
Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition
Ripley, West Virginia
58
 29,000 residents
 17.7% are over the age of 65 (state is 16%)
 61% are between the ages of 19-64
 22% are under 18 years of age
 24.9% of children live in poverty
 Per capita income is $21,855
Quick Facts on Jackson County
Jackson County
59
Coalition Formation
 Formed in 2006 originally
 2005 – “isolated incident” of one youth overdosing in a gas
station bathroom
 2006 – 2008 16 deaths DIRECTLY related to prescription
drugs ages 15-26.
 In cars and in yards of local residents
 Jackson County Health Department
 Public health crisis
 Forged the way for grant applications, research
60
Top 4 Drugs at Time of Death:
• Methadone
• Fentanyl
• Hydrocodone
• Diazepam (Valium)
Christopher J. Rhodes
Jan 6, 1989 – Dec 17, 2008
Source: WV Office of Vital Statistics, 2009
61
Data Revealed the Tragic Cause of our Local
Prescription Drug Abuse Epidemic
Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition
• 2009 - Awarded Drug Free Communities Grant
• 2010 -2011 - Trained by CADCA - Graduated from CADCA
National Coalition Academy
• Active members include:
o Law Enforcement (2 City offices and Sheriff’s Department)
o 2 Youth Coalitions (roughly 50 youth)
o Substance Abuse Treatment Providers
o Community Members/Concerned Parents
o Other organizations working to reduce substance abuse
o Religious/Fraternal Organizations
o Board of Education
o Medical Professionals
o Civic Groups
o Business community
o Youth Serving Organizations
o Media
62
63
Problem:
Jackson County youth
are dying from
Prescription Drug
Overdoses.
Root Cause
“But why?”:
Ease of Availability
Local
Condition #1:
Unable to monitor
sales and/or
prescriptions
across state line
Local
Condition #2:
Kids obtaining and
using in school
Local
Condition #3:
People provide
family/friends, etc.
with left over
medications
Local
Condition #4:
People take
medication from
excess supply in
the home
Root Cause
“But why here?”:
Low Perception of
Danger or Harm
Local
Condition #1:
Prescription Drug
supply is not
monitored in the
home
Local
Condition #2:
Kids are obtaining
and using
prescription drugs
in school
CADCA Training Helped our Coalition Identify
the Root Causes and Local Conditions
Source: CADCA National Coalition Institute, National Coalition Academy
Strategies Implemented
1. Provide Information
a) Jackson Co. Anonymous Tip line
b) Multifaceted media campaign aimed at
parents, youth, seniors, providers,
businesses, and general public
64
Strategies Implemented
2. Enhance Skills
a) Classroom Presentations
b) Pill Identification and Diversion Training for LE
c) State Prescription Drug Monitoring Database
d) Community Presentations
e) Businesses – Abuse Identification Presentations
f) Proper Disposal Presentations
65
Strategies Implemented
3. Provide Support
a) Encouragement of access to WV Rx Quitline
b) Mobilization of Resources within community to
address local conditions ($50,000+)
c) Development of disposal protocols
d) Advocacy and Encouragement of use of WV
Prescription Drug Monitoring Database
66
4. Enhance Access/Reduce Barriers
a) Advocacy at State level for local Law Enforcement access to
WV State Prescription Drug Monitoring Database
b) Advocacy at State level for access to other state monitoring
systems
c) Training for School Employees on identification of substance
abuse
d) Integration of disposal information into regular community
communication
e) Static Take Back Sites
f) Regular Disposal Days
Strategies Implemented
67
Strategies Implemented
5. Change Physical Design
a) Purchase of an incinerator
68
6. Modify/Change Policies
a) Development and implementation of policy for static and
point in time take backs
b) Advocacy work to mandate use of WV Prescription Drug
Monitoring Database
c) Expansion of random drug testing at middle and high
schools to include specific Rx drug classes
Strategies Implemented
69
Reducing Barriers of Disposal vs. Overdose
Rates as Reported by Jackson County EMS
70
Prescription Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
Annual Prescription Drug Use
Jackson County vs. National Statistics
PRIDE Survey 2013
Annual use Rx Drugs Nationally
Annual use Rx Drugs Jackson County
Monitoring the Future
71
Prescription Drug Use
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
30 Day Rx Drug
Use Nationally
30 Day Rx Use
Jackson County
Monitoring the
Future
72
Jackson County vs. National Rates
Prescription Drug Use Among 12th graders
6.5
9.2
7
14.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
30 Day Rx Use Annual Rx Use
Jackson Co
Nationally
Jackson County 2012-2013 PRIDE Survey
and 2012 Monitoring the Future
22
73
Lessons for Coalitions
 Important to encompass all ages in prevention efforts
 Statistics that are “out of the box” can provide great
insight into the community
 Local partnerships + Coalitions = BIG CHANGE
 Disposal reducing access, increases perception of harm,
reduces overdose deaths
74
CADCA’s Resources and Action
 Published first Rx abuse prevention toolkit in 2002
 Dose of Prevention Toolkit on cough medicine abuse in 2006
 Town hall meetings
 Stopmedicineabuse.org with partner CHPA
 Informational video developed for communities
 5 CADCA TV shows
 Began National Medicine Abuse Awareness Month in 2007
 Strategizer publication with ONDCP in 2008
 Rx Abuse Prevention Toolkit: From Awareness to Action in 2010
 General Dean testifies before Congress
 Hosts Rx specific tracks at Forum and Mid-Year
 Online course launched October 2012 – learning.cadca.org
 Online Rx Toolkit launched in 2014
 Co-convener of Collaborative for Effective Prescription Opioid Policies
24
76
PreventRxAbuse.org
October is National Medicine Abuse
Awareness Month
• Take advantage of this national observance and plan a
local or state event
• CADCA began NMAAM in 2007.
• CADCA 50 Challenge encouraging all coalitions to host
educational events throughout NMAAM.
• Dose of Prevention Award recognizes best practices in
OTC and Rx Medicine Abuse Prevention
• CADCA hosts town hall meetings, Twitter chats, and
webinars to raise awareness.
26
77
Mary E. Elliott
melliott@cadca.org
703-706-0560, Ext. 247
Join us! - membership@cadca.org
Need training? - training@cadca.org
Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT
Amy.R.Haskins@wv.gov
(304) 372-2634
Stay Connected!
78
Education and Advocacy Track:
Planning and Best Practices for
Community Responses
Presenters:
• Veronica Nunley, MS, Director of Organizational
Development, Pathways, Inc.
• Mary Elizabeth “Mel” Elliott, Vice President of
Communications, Membership and IT, Community
Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA)
• Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT, Public Health Educator and
Sanitarian, Jackson County (WV) Health Department,
and Project Director, Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition
Moderator: Tom Handy, Chair, Operation UNITE Board of
Directors

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Rx15 ea tues_1115_1_nunley_2elliott-haskins

  • 1. Education and Advocacy Track: Planning and Best Practices for Community Responses Presenters: • Veronica Nunley, MS, Director of Organizational Development, Pathways, Inc. • Mary Elizabeth “Mel” Elliott, Vice President of Communications, Membership and IT, Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA) • Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT, Public Health Educator and Sanitarian, Jackson County (WV) Health Department, and Project Director, Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition Moderator: Tom Handy, Chair, Operation UNITE Board of Directors
  • 2. Disclosures Veronica Nunley, MS; Mary Elizabeth “Mel” Elliott; Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT; and Tom Handy have disclosed no relevant, real, or apparent personal or professional financial relationships with proprietary entities that produce healthcare goods and services.
  • 3. Disclosures • All planners/managers hereby state that they or their spouse/life partner do not have any financial relationships or relationships to products or devices with any commercial interest related to the content of this activity of any amount during the past 12 months. • The following planners/managers have the following to disclose: – Kelly Clark – Employment: Publicis Touchpoint Solutions; Consultant: Grunenthal US – Robert DuPont – Employment: Bensinger, DuPont & Associates-Prescription Drug Research Center – Carla Saunders – Speaker’s bureau: Abbott Nutrition
  • 4. Learning Objectives 1. Demonstrate the Prevention on Purpose: Planning for Outcomes model for community engagement in Rx drug abuse prevention. 2. Evaluate environmental and individual prevention strategies for decreasing risk factors and increasing protective factors. 3. Explain CADCA’s Seven Strategies for Community Change for communities tackling OTC and Rx drug abuse. 4. Describe best practices proving successful for community coalitions across the U.S.
  • 5. Planning and Best Practices for Community Responses
  • 6. Veronica A. Nunley, MA, CPS has disclosed no relevant, real, or apparent personal or professional financial relationships with proprietary entities that produce health care goods and services.
  • 7. Learning Objectives 1. Demonstrate the “Prevention on Purpose: Planning for Outcomes” model for community engagement in Rx drug abuse prevention. 2. Evaluate environmental and individual prevention strategies for decreasing risk factors and increasing protective factors. 3. Explain CADCA’s “7 Strategies for Community Change” for communities tackling OTC and Rx drug abuse. 4. Describe best practices proving successful for community coalitions across the U.S.
  • 8.
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  • 12. PREVALENCE Who (age, gender, etc.) is using/misusing what (which substances), how frequently (once a day, four times a day, only on weekends), in what time fame (past 30 days, past year, lifetime, etc.)
  • 13. RISK FACTOR characteristics or attributes that, if present, make it more likely that an individual will exhibit problem behaviors. PROTECTIVE FACTOR characteristics which mediate or moderate the effect of exposure to risk factors, resulting in a reduced incidence of problem behavior.
  • 14. Research has shown… • The number of risk factors students are exposed to increases with age (one study showed a three-fold increase from the 6th to the 11th grade) • Findings from several studies show a linear relationship between the level of risk exposure and problem behavior • An increase in risk exposure increases the likelihood of subsequent problem behavior • Risk and protective factors are not reciprocal • Some risk and protective factors are more salient than others
  • 15. Domains • Individual • Peer • Family • School • Community
  • 16. Individual/Interpersonal – individual characteristics and attributes that influence one’s own alcohol, tobacco, and other drug choices. • Favorable attitudes toward drug use • Misperception of social disapproval and harmful consequences of drug abuse • Academic failure • Perceived availability of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs • Genetic susceptibility • Antisocial behavior in late childhood and early adolescence • High sensation-seeking behavior • Low self-esteem • Low commitment to school • Low social bonding • Conduct problems • Aggressiveness • Shyness, alienation, and rebelliousness
  • 17. Peer Group Risk Factors - relationships with peers and friends that positively or negatively impact personal alcohol, tobacco, and other drug choices. • Bonding to a peer group that uses alcohol and drugs • Bonding to a peer group that engages in other delinquent activities • Deliberate selection of alcohol or other drug using peers • Social clique influence • Peer pressure • Rejection in elementary school • Friendship of other rejected children
  • 18. Family Risk Factors - family characteristics/dynamics that positively or negatively impact individual alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs choices. • Family conflict • Low levels of family bonding • Poor family management or communication • Parental or sibling substance abuse • Perceived parental permissiveness toward drug/alcohol use • Coercive discipline style • Inconsistent parental discipline • Parental rejection • Lack of family rituals • Lack of extended family or support systems • Stress and dysfunction caused by death, divorce, incarceration of parent, or low income • Sexual and physical abuse
  • 19. School Risk Factors - school characteristics and formal/informal policies implemented in school systems. • Academic failure • Norms conducive to use of drugs • Lack of appreciation for school • Less school involvement • Lack of opportunities for involvement and reward • Lack of support from school environment/teachers • Low student/teacher morale
  • 20. Community Risk Factors - community characteristics and formal/informal policies implemented in community systems. • Poverty and lack of employment • Availability of drugs and alcohol • Not feeling a part of the community • Being in a community that condones substance abuse • Disorganized neighborhoods lacking active community institutions/leadership • Stress from social situations • Lack of youth involvement in positive ways • High rate of crime and substance abuse • Lack of economic mobility • Lack of social supports • High-population density • Transient populations • Physical deterioration
  • 21. Protective Factors (Resiliency) – the ability to bounce or spring back into shape or position; the ability to recover strength or spirits quickly; or the ability to recover in the face of hardship or trouble. PERSONAL STRENGTHS SOCIAL COMPETENCE • Responsiveness • Communication • Empathy • Caring • Compassion • Altruism • Forgiveness PROBLEM SOLVING • Planning • Flexibility • Resourcefulness • Critical Thinking • Insight AUTONOMY • Positive Identity • Internal Locus of Control • Initiative • Self-efficacy • Mastery • Adaptive distancing • Resistance • Self-awareness • Mindfulness • Humor SENSE OFPURPOSE • Goal Direction • Achievement Motivation • Educational Aspirations • Special Interest • Creativity • Imagination • Optimism • Hope • Faith/Spirituality • Sense of Meaning Resiliency – What We Have Learned, WestEd, Bonnie Bernard, 2003
  • 22. Social domains – family, school, peer group and neighborhood/community FAMILY • Healthy parenting styles – foster feeling “connected,” satisfied with family relationships, and feeling loved and cared for • Caring relationships • High and youth-centered expectations • Opportunities for participation and contribution SCHOOL • Well-functioning learning community, meeting young people’s basic psychological needs – belonging and affiliation, sense of competence and meaning, feelings of autonomy and safety • Caring relationships in school • High expectations in schools • Opportunities for participation and contribution in school Resiliency – What We Have Learned, WestEd, Bonnie Bernard, 2003
  • 23. Social domains – family, school, peer group and neighborhood/community COMMUNITY • Caring and supportive community – especially for youth with few family and school resources • Quality neighborhood organizations – especially for youth not receiving critical protective factors in the families and schools • Caring relationships in the community – formal and informal mentoring • High expectations in the community – community in general, youth-serving organizations, and community initiatives Resilience-based Approaches Asset-Based Community Development Healthy Communities/Healthy Youth Community Health Realization Resiliency – What We Have Learned, WestEd, Bonnie Bernard, 2003
  • 24.
  • 25. INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES - the environments in which individual children grow, learn, and mature ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACHES - the environment in which all children encounter threats to their health Designed to change an individual’s attitudes or behaviors relating to ATOD use Designed to change the social, political, and economic context where ATODs are used Programs may be run in schools, churches, or community-based organizations Strategies may be developed and implemented through various sectors in the community Educate youth about the harmful effects of ATOD, teach life skills, and build resiliency Involves changing availability of ATODs, laws and policies, and community norms Approaches generally use existing social mechanisms to reach young people and others at risk, such as youth leaders, teachers, and counselors Approaches focus on norms, regulations, and the availability of drugs working with broader community systems Focus on helping people develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to change behavior Focus on creating an environment that makes it easier for people to act in healthy ways Environmental strategies are not intended to replace prevention efforts targeted at individuals. They are most effective when used in conjunction with individual interventions. Combining environmental strategies with individual strategies is sometimes called a “social ecological” model of prevention.
  • 26. Strategies Targeting Individualized Environments Socialize, Instruct, Guide, Counsel Strategies Targeting the Shared Environment Support, Hinder
  • 27. Factors in the Shared Environment • Norms – Basic orientations concerning the “rightness” or “wrongness,” acceptability or unacceptability, and/or deviance of specific behaviors for a specific group of individuals • Availability – The inverse of the sum of resources that must be expended to obtain a commodity – alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, or other drugs • Regulations – Formal or informal laws, rules, policies that serve to control availability and codify norms and that specify sanctions for violations
  • 28. • There exist regulations and policies that discourage the behavior • Community norms disapprove of the behavior • The commodities needed to engage in the behavior are not easily available THE PROBABILITY OF AN UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR IS DECREASED TO THE EXTENT THAT:
  • 29.
  • 30. ASSESSMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING • Organized based on data • Six organizational meetings to “select” chair, officers, and Executive Committee • Community readiness key leader survey completed • Community norms survey completed • Youth focus groups • 42 Coalition members trained in the Strategic Prevention Framework (6 hours) • 15-minute mini-trainings at every meeting • Support and inclusion of faith community coalition • Community activities – Red Ribbon Week
  • 31. NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES • A community in distress, hopelessness • Over 550 individuals in the Kentucky State Police catchment area under investigation for prescription medication diversion (Florida) • 71 Drug trafficking cases opened in the previous 15 months – 93% related to pills • 12 cases (140 charges) opened in the previous six months for doctor shopping
  • 32. SOURCE: Department of Community Based Services Drug/Alcohol Risks Present Drug/Alcohol Risks NOT Present Average Cumulative Risk Rating for Family 28 = Highest Risk to Child Safety 0 = No Risk to Child Safety 13.9 7.47 Average # of Prior Referrals to CPS 6.5 3.05 Average # Risks out of the Following 5: mental health; criminal history; domestic violence; serial relationships; income issues 3.21 0.79 NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES • From Child Protective Services: o 461 families investigated o 43.8% of families with reported drug/alcohol risks o 76.4% of families with substantiated abuse/neglect and reported drug/alcohol risks o 66.7% of children who entered out-of-home care were in families with reported drug/alcohol risks (including 60% of children 3 years and younger who entered out-of-home care)
  • 33. NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES 2011-12 State Testing Scores from the Carter County Board of Education 2007 Community Readiness Score of “3” Vague Awareness “Most community leaders feel that there is a local problem, but there is no immediate motivation to do anything about it.”
  • 34. PREVALENCE Past 30 Day Use 6th Grade 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade Substance 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010 Prescription Drugs 1% 0% 8% 1% 9% 3% 12% 3% Past Year Use 6th Grade 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade Substance 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010 Prescription Drugs 3% 1% 13% 3% 18% 7% 23% 6% Lifetime Use 6th Grade 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade Substance 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010 2004 2010 Prescription Drugs 4% 2% 17% 6% 23% 12% 29% 13%
  • 35. STRATEGY RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTOR DOMAIN Mass Media Campaign Community - Billboards Community - Local Radio Community - Newspaper Community - Sports Programs Community, School - Faith Community Bulletin Inserts with Parent Pledge Family, Community - Push Cards attached to all Bank Transactions Community - Push Cards attached to all Pharmacy Transactions Community - Posters/Push Cards in 47 Local Businesses Community Court Watch Implementation Community School Drug Testing Policy School ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
  • 36. STRATEGY RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTOR DOMAIN Pharmacy Policy – all pharmacies in the county Community Safe Homes Initiative Family, School, Community Law Enforcement DUI Checks Community Advocacy for Drug Free Workplace Policy Implementation Community County-wide Pain Clinic Ordinance Community ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
  • 37. STRATEGY RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTOR DOMAIN Implementation of Life Skills Substance Abuse Prevention Curriculum, Grades 3-9 Individual, Peer, School Information Dissemination (mailings to parents) Individual, Family Coalition Training Individual, Community Parent Training Family, Individual, Community School Personnel Training Individual, School Youth Training – Interactive Supplemental Prescription Drug Curriculum (schools, faith youth groups, boy scouts, girl scouts, 4-H groups, etc.) Individual, Peer, School, Community Teens as Teachers Training Individual, Peer Law Enforcement Training Community INDIVIDUAL STRATEGIES
  • 38. OUTCOMES! PRESCRIPTION DRUGS MEASURE PAST 30-DAY USE PAST YEAR USE YEAR 2004 2014 CHANGE 2004 2014 CHANGE 6th Grade 1% 1% -- 3% 1% - 2% 8th Grade 8% 1% -7% 13% 2% - 11% 10th Grade 9% 3% - 6% 18% 4% - 14% 12th Grade 12% 1% -11% 23% 4% - 19% OXYCONTIN MEASURE PAST 30-DAY USE PAST YEAR USE YEAR 2004 2014 CHANGE 2004 2014 CHANGE 6th Grade 0% 1% + 1% 1% 4% + 3% 8th Grade 3% 1% -2% 4% 3% - 1% 10th Grade 4% 3% - 1% 6% 6% -- 12th Grade 6% 1% -5% 12% 4% - 8%
  • 39. OUTCOMES! COLLEGE AND CAREER READINESS SCORES 2010 23% 2011 32% 2012 56.6% 7TH GRADE EXPLORE* TESTING 2009 15.1 2012 15.7 *Explore tests student readiness to meet Act benchmarks. ACT Scores 2011 17.2 2012 18.0 *Explore tests student readiness to meet Act benchmarks. 9TH GRADE PLAN* TESTING 2009 15.6 2012 17.6 *plan tests student readiness to meet Act benchmarks.
  • 40. FROM THE CARTER COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Overall Score: 57.1 Overall Score: 69.2 Overall Score: 72.3 Proficient Cut Scores: 58.4 Proficient Cut Scores: 58.4 Distinguished Cut Scores: 71.9 Percentile Rank in Kentucky: 62nd Percentile Rank in Kentucky: 84th Percentile Rank in Kentucky: 91st CLASSIFICATION: Needs Improvement CLASSIFICATION: Proficient CLASSIFICATION: Distinguished OUTCOMES! COMMUNITY READINESS 2007 Stage 3 Vague Awareness 2009 Stage 5 Preparation 2013 Stage 6 Initiation Initiation: “Enough information is available to justify efforts. Activities are underway.”
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  • 49. Benefits of Planning for Outcomes • Outcomes! • Each strategy has an articulated purpose • Encourages the use of evidence-based and best practices • Maximizes resource utilization • Facilitates coalition and community buy-in • Surpasses the “one child” philosophy • Sustainability Environmental and Individual Strategy Risk and Protective Factors Prevalence Negative Consequences
  • 50. Veronica A. Nunley, MA, CPS Director of Organizational Development, Pathways, Inc. P.O. Box 790  Ashland, KY 41105-0790 ronne.nunley@pathways-ky.org 1-606-329-8588, extension 4109
  • 51. It Takes a Coalition: Best Practices from the Community Response to Rx Drug Abuse Mary E. Elliott Vice President, Communications, Membership and IT CADCA Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT Project Director, Jackson County Anti Drug Coalition Public Health Educator & Sanitarian, Jackson County Health Department 51
  • 52. Disclosure • Mary Elliott, Vice President, Communications Membership and IT, CADCA, has disclosed no relevant, real or apparent personal or professional financial relationships with proprietary entities that produce health care goods and services. • Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT, Project Director, Jackson County Anti Drug Coalition, Public Health Educator & Sanitarian, Jackson County Health Department, has disclosed no relevant, real or apparent personal or professional financial relationships with proprietary entities that produce health care goods and services. 52
  • 54. The Drug-Free Communities Program • The U.S. has invested a total of $1.25 billion in the DFC program since it began in 1998. • The DFC Program has funded more than 2,000 coalitions since it began. • Currently, the U.S. has 680 DFC Grantees. • CADCA was the driving force behind the passage of this program and is the primary training and technical assistance provider for the program. 54
  • 55. Social Ecological Model Coalitions engage at each step within this public health model. Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/health_equity/culturalrelevance.html 55
  • 56. Community anti-drug coalitions recognize that substance use/abuse prevention is unique and involves: • Reducing access and availability; • Enforcing consequences; • Changing attitudes and perceptions; • Changing social norms; • Raising awareness about costs and consequences; and • Building skills in youth, parents and communities to deal with these issues effectively. CADCA Member Coalitions Address the Prescription Drug Epidemic at the Local Level 56
  • 57. CADCA Trains Coalitions on Seven Comprehensive Change Strategies 57
  • 58. Case Study: Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition Ripley, West Virginia 58
  • 59.  29,000 residents  17.7% are over the age of 65 (state is 16%)  61% are between the ages of 19-64  22% are under 18 years of age  24.9% of children live in poverty  Per capita income is $21,855 Quick Facts on Jackson County Jackson County 59
  • 60. Coalition Formation  Formed in 2006 originally  2005 – “isolated incident” of one youth overdosing in a gas station bathroom  2006 – 2008 16 deaths DIRECTLY related to prescription drugs ages 15-26.  In cars and in yards of local residents  Jackson County Health Department  Public health crisis  Forged the way for grant applications, research 60
  • 61. Top 4 Drugs at Time of Death: • Methadone • Fentanyl • Hydrocodone • Diazepam (Valium) Christopher J. Rhodes Jan 6, 1989 – Dec 17, 2008 Source: WV Office of Vital Statistics, 2009 61 Data Revealed the Tragic Cause of our Local Prescription Drug Abuse Epidemic
  • 62. Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition • 2009 - Awarded Drug Free Communities Grant • 2010 -2011 - Trained by CADCA - Graduated from CADCA National Coalition Academy • Active members include: o Law Enforcement (2 City offices and Sheriff’s Department) o 2 Youth Coalitions (roughly 50 youth) o Substance Abuse Treatment Providers o Community Members/Concerned Parents o Other organizations working to reduce substance abuse o Religious/Fraternal Organizations o Board of Education o Medical Professionals o Civic Groups o Business community o Youth Serving Organizations o Media 62
  • 63. 63 Problem: Jackson County youth are dying from Prescription Drug Overdoses. Root Cause “But why?”: Ease of Availability Local Condition #1: Unable to monitor sales and/or prescriptions across state line Local Condition #2: Kids obtaining and using in school Local Condition #3: People provide family/friends, etc. with left over medications Local Condition #4: People take medication from excess supply in the home Root Cause “But why here?”: Low Perception of Danger or Harm Local Condition #1: Prescription Drug supply is not monitored in the home Local Condition #2: Kids are obtaining and using prescription drugs in school CADCA Training Helped our Coalition Identify the Root Causes and Local Conditions Source: CADCA National Coalition Institute, National Coalition Academy
  • 64. Strategies Implemented 1. Provide Information a) Jackson Co. Anonymous Tip line b) Multifaceted media campaign aimed at parents, youth, seniors, providers, businesses, and general public 64
  • 65. Strategies Implemented 2. Enhance Skills a) Classroom Presentations b) Pill Identification and Diversion Training for LE c) State Prescription Drug Monitoring Database d) Community Presentations e) Businesses – Abuse Identification Presentations f) Proper Disposal Presentations 65
  • 66. Strategies Implemented 3. Provide Support a) Encouragement of access to WV Rx Quitline b) Mobilization of Resources within community to address local conditions ($50,000+) c) Development of disposal protocols d) Advocacy and Encouragement of use of WV Prescription Drug Monitoring Database 66
  • 67. 4. Enhance Access/Reduce Barriers a) Advocacy at State level for local Law Enforcement access to WV State Prescription Drug Monitoring Database b) Advocacy at State level for access to other state monitoring systems c) Training for School Employees on identification of substance abuse d) Integration of disposal information into regular community communication e) Static Take Back Sites f) Regular Disposal Days Strategies Implemented 67
  • 68. Strategies Implemented 5. Change Physical Design a) Purchase of an incinerator 68
  • 69. 6. Modify/Change Policies a) Development and implementation of policy for static and point in time take backs b) Advocacy work to mandate use of WV Prescription Drug Monitoring Database c) Expansion of random drug testing at middle and high schools to include specific Rx drug classes Strategies Implemented 69
  • 70. Reducing Barriers of Disposal vs. Overdose Rates as Reported by Jackson County EMS 70
  • 71. Prescription Drug Use 0 5 10 15 20 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th Annual Prescription Drug Use Jackson County vs. National Statistics PRIDE Survey 2013 Annual use Rx Drugs Nationally Annual use Rx Drugs Jackson County Monitoring the Future 71
  • 72. Prescription Drug Use 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 30 Day Rx Drug Use Nationally 30 Day Rx Use Jackson County Monitoring the Future 72
  • 73. Jackson County vs. National Rates Prescription Drug Use Among 12th graders 6.5 9.2 7 14.8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 30 Day Rx Use Annual Rx Use Jackson Co Nationally Jackson County 2012-2013 PRIDE Survey and 2012 Monitoring the Future 22 73
  • 74. Lessons for Coalitions  Important to encompass all ages in prevention efforts  Statistics that are “out of the box” can provide great insight into the community  Local partnerships + Coalitions = BIG CHANGE  Disposal reducing access, increases perception of harm, reduces overdose deaths 74
  • 75. CADCA’s Resources and Action  Published first Rx abuse prevention toolkit in 2002  Dose of Prevention Toolkit on cough medicine abuse in 2006  Town hall meetings  Stopmedicineabuse.org with partner CHPA  Informational video developed for communities  5 CADCA TV shows  Began National Medicine Abuse Awareness Month in 2007  Strategizer publication with ONDCP in 2008  Rx Abuse Prevention Toolkit: From Awareness to Action in 2010  General Dean testifies before Congress  Hosts Rx specific tracks at Forum and Mid-Year  Online course launched October 2012 – learning.cadca.org  Online Rx Toolkit launched in 2014  Co-convener of Collaborative for Effective Prescription Opioid Policies 24
  • 77. October is National Medicine Abuse Awareness Month • Take advantage of this national observance and plan a local or state event • CADCA began NMAAM in 2007. • CADCA 50 Challenge encouraging all coalitions to host educational events throughout NMAAM. • Dose of Prevention Award recognizes best practices in OTC and Rx Medicine Abuse Prevention • CADCA hosts town hall meetings, Twitter chats, and webinars to raise awareness. 26 77
  • 78. Mary E. Elliott melliott@cadca.org 703-706-0560, Ext. 247 Join us! - membership@cadca.org Need training? - training@cadca.org Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT Amy.R.Haskins@wv.gov (304) 372-2634 Stay Connected! 78
  • 79. Education and Advocacy Track: Planning and Best Practices for Community Responses Presenters: • Veronica Nunley, MS, Director of Organizational Development, Pathways, Inc. • Mary Elizabeth “Mel” Elliott, Vice President of Communications, Membership and IT, Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA) • Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT, Public Health Educator and Sanitarian, Jackson County (WV) Health Department, and Project Director, Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition Moderator: Tom Handy, Chair, Operation UNITE Board of Directors