1. Education and Advocacy Track:
Planning and Best Practices for
Community Responses
Presenters:
• Veronica Nunley, MS, Director of Organizational
Development, Pathways, Inc.
• Mary Elizabeth “Mel” Elliott, Vice President of
Communications, Membership and IT, Community
Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA)
• Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT, Public Health Educator and
Sanitarian, Jackson County (WV) Health Department,
and Project Director, Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition
Moderator: Tom Handy, Chair, Operation UNITE Board of
Directors
2. Disclosures
Veronica Nunley, MS; Mary Elizabeth “Mel” Elliott; Amy
RH Haskins, MA, SIT; and Tom Handy have disclosed no
relevant, real, or apparent personal or professional
financial relationships with proprietary entities that
produce healthcare goods and services.
3. Disclosures
• All planners/managers hereby state that they or their
spouse/life partner do not have any financial
relationships or relationships to products or devices
with any commercial interest related to the content of
this activity of any amount during the past 12 months.
• The following planners/managers have the following to
disclose:
– Kelly Clark – Employment: Publicis Touchpoint Solutions;
Consultant: Grunenthal US
– Robert DuPont – Employment: Bensinger, DuPont &
Associates-Prescription Drug Research Center
– Carla Saunders – Speaker’s bureau: Abbott Nutrition
4. Learning Objectives
1. Demonstrate the Prevention on Purpose:
Planning for Outcomes model for community
engagement in Rx drug abuse prevention.
2. Evaluate environmental and individual
prevention strategies for decreasing risk factors
and increasing protective factors.
3. Explain CADCA’s Seven Strategies for Community
Change for communities tackling OTC and Rx
drug abuse.
4. Describe best practices proving successful for
community coalitions across the U.S.
6. Veronica A. Nunley, MA, CPS
has disclosed no relevant, real, or
apparent personal or professional
financial relationships with
proprietary entities that produce
health care goods and services.
7. Learning Objectives
1. Demonstrate the “Prevention on Purpose: Planning for
Outcomes” model for community engagement in Rx drug
abuse prevention.
2. Evaluate environmental and individual prevention strategies
for decreasing risk factors and increasing protective factors.
3. Explain CADCA’s “7 Strategies for Community Change” for
communities tackling OTC and Rx drug abuse.
4. Describe best practices proving successful for community
coalitions across the U.S.
12. PREVALENCE
Who (age, gender, etc.) is using/misusing
what (which substances), how frequently
(once a day, four times a day, only on
weekends), in what time fame (past 30 days,
past year, lifetime, etc.)
13. RISK FACTOR
characteristics or attributes that, if
present, make it more likely that
an individual will exhibit problem
behaviors.
PROTECTIVE FACTOR
characteristics which mediate or
moderate the effect of exposure to
risk factors, resulting in a reduced
incidence of problem behavior.
14. Research has shown…
• The number of risk factors students are
exposed to increases with age (one
study showed a three-fold increase from
the 6th to the 11th grade)
• Findings from several studies show a
linear relationship between the level of
risk exposure and problem behavior
• An increase in risk exposure increases
the likelihood of subsequent problem
behavior
• Risk and protective factors are not
reciprocal
• Some risk and protective factors are
more salient than others
16. Individual/Interpersonal – individual characteristics and
attributes that influence one’s own alcohol, tobacco,
and other drug choices.
• Favorable attitudes toward
drug use
• Misperception of social
disapproval and harmful
consequences of drug abuse
• Academic failure
• Perceived availability of
alcohol, tobacco, and other
drugs
• Genetic susceptibility
• Antisocial behavior in late
childhood and early
adolescence
• High sensation-seeking
behavior
• Low self-esteem
• Low commitment to school
• Low social bonding
• Conduct problems
• Aggressiveness
• Shyness, alienation, and
rebelliousness
17. Peer Group Risk Factors - relationships with peers
and friends that positively or negatively impact
personal alcohol, tobacco,
and other drug choices.
• Bonding to a peer group
that uses alcohol and drugs
• Bonding to a peer group
that engages in other
delinquent activities
• Deliberate selection of alcohol or other drug using peers
• Social clique influence
• Peer pressure
• Rejection in elementary school
• Friendship of other rejected children
18. Family Risk Factors - family characteristics/dynamics that
positively or negatively impact individual alcohol,
tobacco, and other drugs choices.
• Family conflict
• Low levels of family bonding
• Poor family management or
communication
• Parental or sibling
substance abuse
• Perceived parental
permissiveness toward
drug/alcohol use
• Coercive discipline style
• Inconsistent parental
discipline
• Parental rejection
• Lack of family rituals
• Lack of extended family or
support systems
• Stress and dysfunction caused
by death, divorce,
incarceration of parent, or low
income
• Sexual and physical
abuse
19. School Risk Factors - school characteristics and
formal/informal policies implemented in school
systems.
• Academic failure
• Norms conducive to use of
drugs
• Lack of appreciation for school
• Less school involvement
• Lack of opportunities for
involvement and reward
• Lack of support from school
environment/teachers
• Low student/teacher morale
20. Community Risk Factors - community
characteristics and formal/informal
policies implemented in community
systems.
• Poverty and lack of
employment
• Availability of drugs and
alcohol
• Not feeling a part of the
community
• Being in a community that
condones substance abuse
• Disorganized
neighborhoods lacking
active community
institutions/leadership
• Stress from social
situations
• Lack of youth involvement
in positive ways
• High rate of crime and
substance abuse
• Lack of economic mobility
• Lack of social supports
• High-population density
• Transient populations
• Physical deterioration
21. Protective Factors (Resiliency) – the ability to bounce or spring
back into shape or position; the ability to recover strength
or spirits quickly; or the ability to recover in the face of
hardship or trouble.
PERSONAL STRENGTHS
SOCIAL COMPETENCE
• Responsiveness
• Communication
• Empathy
• Caring
• Compassion
• Altruism
• Forgiveness
PROBLEM SOLVING
• Planning
• Flexibility
• Resourcefulness
• Critical Thinking
• Insight
AUTONOMY
• Positive Identity
• Internal Locus of Control
• Initiative
• Self-efficacy
• Mastery
• Adaptive distancing
• Resistance
• Self-awareness
• Mindfulness
• Humor
SENSE OFPURPOSE
• Goal Direction
• Achievement Motivation
• Educational Aspirations
• Special Interest
• Creativity
• Imagination
• Optimism
• Hope
• Faith/Spirituality
• Sense of Meaning
Resiliency – What We Have Learned, WestEd, Bonnie Bernard, 2003
22. Social domains – family, school, peer group and
neighborhood/community
FAMILY
• Healthy parenting styles – foster feeling
“connected,” satisfied with family relationships,
and feeling loved and cared for
• Caring relationships
• High and youth-centered expectations
• Opportunities for participation and contribution
SCHOOL
• Well-functioning learning community, meeting
young people’s basic psychological needs –
belonging and affiliation, sense of competence
and meaning, feelings of autonomy and safety
• Caring relationships in school
• High expectations in schools
• Opportunities for participation and contribution in
school
Resiliency – What We Have Learned, WestEd, Bonnie Bernard, 2003
23. Social domains – family, school, peer group
and neighborhood/community
COMMUNITY
• Caring and supportive community – especially
for youth with few family and school resources
• Quality neighborhood organizations – especially
for youth not receiving critical protective factors
in the families and schools
• Caring relationships in the community – formal
and informal mentoring
• High expectations in the community –
community in general, youth-serving
organizations, and community initiatives
Resilience-based Approaches
Asset-Based Community Development
Healthy Communities/Healthy Youth
Community Health Realization
Resiliency – What We Have Learned, WestEd, Bonnie Bernard, 2003
24.
25. INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES - the
environments in which individual
children grow, learn, and mature
ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACHES - the
environment in which all children
encounter threats to their health
Designed to change an individual’s
attitudes or behaviors relating to ATOD use
Designed to change the social, political, and
economic context where ATODs are used
Programs may be run in schools,
churches, or community-based
organizations
Strategies may be developed and implemented
through various sectors in the community
Educate youth about the harmful effects of
ATOD, teach life skills, and build resiliency
Involves changing availability of ATODs, laws
and policies, and community norms
Approaches generally use existing social
mechanisms to reach young people and
others at risk, such as youth leaders,
teachers, and counselors
Approaches focus on norms, regulations, and
the availability of drugs working with broader
community systems
Focus on helping people develop the
knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to
change behavior
Focus on creating an environment that makes it
easier for people to act in healthy ways
Environmental strategies are not intended to replace prevention efforts
targeted at individuals. They are most effective when used in conjunction
with individual interventions. Combining environmental strategies with
individual strategies is sometimes called a “social ecological” model of
prevention.
27. Factors in the Shared Environment
• Norms – Basic orientations
concerning the “rightness” or
“wrongness,” acceptability or
unacceptability, and/or deviance
of specific behaviors for a specific
group of individuals
• Availability – The inverse of the sum of resources
that must be expended to obtain a commodity –
alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, or other drugs
• Regulations – Formal or informal laws, rules, policies
that serve to control availability and codify
norms and that specify sanctions for
violations
28. • There exist regulations and policies that
discourage the behavior
• Community norms disapprove of the
behavior
• The commodities needed to engage in
the behavior are not easily available
THE PROBABILITY OF AN UNDESIRABLE
BEHAVIOR IS DECREASED TO THE EXTENT
THAT:
29.
30. ASSESSMENT AND CAPACITY
BUILDING
• Organized based on data
• Six organizational meetings to “select”
chair, officers, and Executive Committee
• Community readiness key leader survey completed
• Community norms survey completed
• Youth focus groups
• 42 Coalition members trained in the Strategic Prevention
Framework (6 hours)
• 15-minute mini-trainings at every meeting
• Support and inclusion of faith community coalition
• Community activities – Red Ribbon Week
31. NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
• A community in distress, hopelessness
• Over 550 individuals in the Kentucky State
Police catchment area under investigation for
prescription medication diversion (Florida)
• 71 Drug trafficking cases opened in the previous
15 months – 93% related to pills
• 12 cases (140 charges) opened in the previous
six months for doctor shopping
32. SOURCE: Department of Community Based
Services
Drug/Alcohol Risks
Present
Drug/Alcohol
Risks NOT
Present
Average Cumulative Risk Rating for Family
28 = Highest Risk to Child Safety
0 = No Risk to Child Safety
13.9 7.47
Average # of Prior Referrals to CPS 6.5 3.05
Average # Risks out of the Following 5:
mental health; criminal history; domestic
violence; serial relationships; income
issues
3.21 0.79
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
• From Child Protective Services:
o 461 families investigated
o 43.8% of families with reported drug/alcohol risks
o 76.4% of families with substantiated abuse/neglect and reported
drug/alcohol risks
o 66.7% of children who entered out-of-home care were in
families with reported drug/alcohol risks (including 60% of
children 3 years and younger who entered out-of-home care)
33. NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
2011-12 State Testing Scores from the
Carter County Board of Education
2007 Community Readiness Score of
“3”
Vague Awareness
“Most community leaders feel that
there is a local problem, but there
is no immediate motivation to do
anything about it.”
35. STRATEGY
RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTOR
DOMAIN
Mass Media Campaign Community
- Billboards Community
- Local Radio Community
- Newspaper Community
- Sports Programs Community, School
- Faith Community Bulletin Inserts with Parent Pledge Family, Community
- Push Cards attached to all Bank Transactions Community
- Push Cards attached to all Pharmacy Transactions Community
- Posters/Push Cards in 47 Local Businesses Community
Court Watch Implementation Community
School Drug Testing Policy School
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
36. STRATEGY
RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTOR
DOMAIN
Pharmacy Policy – all pharmacies in the county Community
Safe Homes Initiative
Family, School,
Community
Law Enforcement DUI Checks Community
Advocacy for Drug Free Workplace Policy
Implementation
Community
County-wide Pain Clinic Ordinance Community
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
37. STRATEGY
RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTOR
DOMAIN
Implementation of Life Skills Substance Abuse
Prevention Curriculum, Grades 3-9
Individual, Peer, School
Information Dissemination (mailings to parents) Individual, Family
Coalition Training Individual, Community
Parent Training
Family, Individual,
Community
School Personnel Training Individual, School
Youth Training – Interactive Supplemental Prescription
Drug Curriculum (schools, faith youth groups, boy
scouts, girl scouts, 4-H groups, etc.)
Individual, Peer, School,
Community
Teens as Teachers Training Individual, Peer
Law Enforcement Training Community
INDIVIDUAL STRATEGIES
38. OUTCOMES!
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
MEASURE PAST 30-DAY USE PAST YEAR USE
YEAR 2004 2014 CHANGE 2004 2014 CHANGE
6th Grade 1% 1% -- 3% 1% - 2%
8th Grade 8% 1% -7% 13% 2% - 11%
10th Grade 9% 3% - 6% 18% 4% - 14%
12th Grade 12% 1% -11% 23% 4% - 19%
OXYCONTIN
MEASURE PAST 30-DAY USE PAST YEAR USE
YEAR 2004 2014 CHANGE 2004 2014 CHANGE
6th Grade 0% 1% + 1% 1% 4% + 3%
8th Grade 3% 1% -2% 4% 3% - 1%
10th Grade 4% 3% - 1% 6% 6% --
12th Grade 6% 1% -5% 12% 4% - 8%
39. OUTCOMES!
COLLEGE AND CAREER
READINESS SCORES
2010 23%
2011 32%
2012 56.6%
7TH GRADE EXPLORE*
TESTING
2009 15.1
2012 15.7
*Explore tests student readiness to
meet Act benchmarks.
ACT Scores
2011 17.2
2012 18.0
*Explore tests student readiness to
meet Act benchmarks.
9TH GRADE PLAN* TESTING
2009 15.6
2012 17.6
*plan tests student readiness to
meet Act benchmarks.
40. FROM THE CARTER COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Overall Score: 57.1 Overall Score: 69.2 Overall Score: 72.3
Proficient Cut
Scores: 58.4
Proficient Cut
Scores: 58.4
Distinguished Cut
Scores: 71.9
Percentile Rank in
Kentucky: 62nd
Percentile Rank in
Kentucky: 84th
Percentile Rank in
Kentucky: 91st
CLASSIFICATION:
Needs Improvement
CLASSIFICATION:
Proficient
CLASSIFICATION:
Distinguished
OUTCOMES!
COMMUNITY READINESS
2007 Stage 3 Vague Awareness
2009 Stage 5 Preparation
2013 Stage 6 Initiation
Initiation: “Enough information is available to justify efforts. Activities are
underway.”
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49. Benefits of Planning for Outcomes
• Outcomes!
• Each strategy has an articulated purpose
• Encourages the use of evidence-based and
best practices
• Maximizes resource utilization
• Facilitates coalition and community buy-in
• Surpasses the “one child” philosophy
• Sustainability
Environmental
and Individual
Strategy
Risk and
Protective
Factors
Prevalence
Negative
Consequences
50. Veronica A. Nunley, MA, CPS
Director of Organizational Development, Pathways, Inc.
P.O. Box 790 Ashland, KY 41105-0790
ronne.nunley@pathways-ky.org
1-606-329-8588, extension 4109
51. It Takes a Coalition: Best Practices
from the Community Response to
Rx Drug Abuse
Mary E. Elliott
Vice President, Communications, Membership and IT
CADCA
Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT
Project Director, Jackson County Anti Drug Coalition
Public Health Educator & Sanitarian, Jackson County Health Department
51
52. Disclosure
• Mary Elliott, Vice President, Communications
Membership and IT, CADCA, has disclosed no
relevant, real or apparent personal or professional
financial relationships with proprietary entities that
produce health care goods and services.
• Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT, Project Director, Jackson
County Anti Drug Coalition, Public Health Educator &
Sanitarian, Jackson County Health Department, has
disclosed no relevant, real or apparent personal or
professional financial relationships with proprietary
entities that produce health care goods and services.
52
54. The Drug-Free Communities Program
• The U.S. has invested a total of $1.25 billion in the DFC
program since it began in 1998.
• The DFC Program has funded more than 2,000 coalitions
since it began.
• Currently, the U.S. has 680 DFC Grantees.
• CADCA was the driving force behind the passage of this
program and is the primary training and technical
assistance provider for the program.
54
55. Social Ecological Model
Coalitions engage at each step within this public
health model.
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/health_equity/culturalrelevance.html
55
56. Community anti-drug coalitions recognize that substance use/abuse prevention
is unique and involves:
• Reducing access and availability;
• Enforcing consequences;
• Changing attitudes and perceptions;
• Changing social norms;
• Raising awareness about costs and consequences; and
• Building skills in youth, parents and communities to deal with these issues
effectively.
CADCA Member Coalitions Address the Prescription
Drug Epidemic at the Local Level
56
59. 29,000 residents
17.7% are over the age of 65 (state is 16%)
61% are between the ages of 19-64
22% are under 18 years of age
24.9% of children live in poverty
Per capita income is $21,855
Quick Facts on Jackson County
Jackson County
59
60. Coalition Formation
Formed in 2006 originally
2005 – “isolated incident” of one youth overdosing in a gas
station bathroom
2006 – 2008 16 deaths DIRECTLY related to prescription
drugs ages 15-26.
In cars and in yards of local residents
Jackson County Health Department
Public health crisis
Forged the way for grant applications, research
60
61. Top 4 Drugs at Time of Death:
• Methadone
• Fentanyl
• Hydrocodone
• Diazepam (Valium)
Christopher J. Rhodes
Jan 6, 1989 – Dec 17, 2008
Source: WV Office of Vital Statistics, 2009
61
Data Revealed the Tragic Cause of our Local
Prescription Drug Abuse Epidemic
62. Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition
• 2009 - Awarded Drug Free Communities Grant
• 2010 -2011 - Trained by CADCA - Graduated from CADCA
National Coalition Academy
• Active members include:
o Law Enforcement (2 City offices and Sheriff’s Department)
o 2 Youth Coalitions (roughly 50 youth)
o Substance Abuse Treatment Providers
o Community Members/Concerned Parents
o Other organizations working to reduce substance abuse
o Religious/Fraternal Organizations
o Board of Education
o Medical Professionals
o Civic Groups
o Business community
o Youth Serving Organizations
o Media
62
63. 63
Problem:
Jackson County youth
are dying from
Prescription Drug
Overdoses.
Root Cause
“But why?”:
Ease of Availability
Local
Condition #1:
Unable to monitor
sales and/or
prescriptions
across state line
Local
Condition #2:
Kids obtaining and
using in school
Local
Condition #3:
People provide
family/friends, etc.
with left over
medications
Local
Condition #4:
People take
medication from
excess supply in
the home
Root Cause
“But why here?”:
Low Perception of
Danger or Harm
Local
Condition #1:
Prescription Drug
supply is not
monitored in the
home
Local
Condition #2:
Kids are obtaining
and using
prescription drugs
in school
CADCA Training Helped our Coalition Identify
the Root Causes and Local Conditions
Source: CADCA National Coalition Institute, National Coalition Academy
64. Strategies Implemented
1. Provide Information
a) Jackson Co. Anonymous Tip line
b) Multifaceted media campaign aimed at
parents, youth, seniors, providers,
businesses, and general public
64
65. Strategies Implemented
2. Enhance Skills
a) Classroom Presentations
b) Pill Identification and Diversion Training for LE
c) State Prescription Drug Monitoring Database
d) Community Presentations
e) Businesses – Abuse Identification Presentations
f) Proper Disposal Presentations
65
66. Strategies Implemented
3. Provide Support
a) Encouragement of access to WV Rx Quitline
b) Mobilization of Resources within community to
address local conditions ($50,000+)
c) Development of disposal protocols
d) Advocacy and Encouragement of use of WV
Prescription Drug Monitoring Database
66
67. 4. Enhance Access/Reduce Barriers
a) Advocacy at State level for local Law Enforcement access to
WV State Prescription Drug Monitoring Database
b) Advocacy at State level for access to other state monitoring
systems
c) Training for School Employees on identification of substance
abuse
d) Integration of disposal information into regular community
communication
e) Static Take Back Sites
f) Regular Disposal Days
Strategies Implemented
67
69. 6. Modify/Change Policies
a) Development and implementation of policy for static and
point in time take backs
b) Advocacy work to mandate use of WV Prescription Drug
Monitoring Database
c) Expansion of random drug testing at middle and high
schools to include specific Rx drug classes
Strategies Implemented
69
70. Reducing Barriers of Disposal vs. Overdose
Rates as Reported by Jackson County EMS
70
71. Prescription Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
Annual Prescription Drug Use
Jackson County vs. National Statistics
PRIDE Survey 2013
Annual use Rx Drugs Nationally
Annual use Rx Drugs Jackson County
Monitoring the Future
71
73. Jackson County vs. National Rates
Prescription Drug Use Among 12th graders
6.5
9.2
7
14.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
30 Day Rx Use Annual Rx Use
Jackson Co
Nationally
Jackson County 2012-2013 PRIDE Survey
and 2012 Monitoring the Future
22
73
74. Lessons for Coalitions
Important to encompass all ages in prevention efforts
Statistics that are “out of the box” can provide great
insight into the community
Local partnerships + Coalitions = BIG CHANGE
Disposal reducing access, increases perception of harm,
reduces overdose deaths
74
75. CADCA’s Resources and Action
Published first Rx abuse prevention toolkit in 2002
Dose of Prevention Toolkit on cough medicine abuse in 2006
Town hall meetings
Stopmedicineabuse.org with partner CHPA
Informational video developed for communities
5 CADCA TV shows
Began National Medicine Abuse Awareness Month in 2007
Strategizer publication with ONDCP in 2008
Rx Abuse Prevention Toolkit: From Awareness to Action in 2010
General Dean testifies before Congress
Hosts Rx specific tracks at Forum and Mid-Year
Online course launched October 2012 – learning.cadca.org
Online Rx Toolkit launched in 2014
Co-convener of Collaborative for Effective Prescription Opioid Policies
24
77. October is National Medicine Abuse
Awareness Month
• Take advantage of this national observance and plan a
local or state event
• CADCA began NMAAM in 2007.
• CADCA 50 Challenge encouraging all coalitions to host
educational events throughout NMAAM.
• Dose of Prevention Award recognizes best practices in
OTC and Rx Medicine Abuse Prevention
• CADCA hosts town hall meetings, Twitter chats, and
webinars to raise awareness.
26
77
78. Mary E. Elliott
melliott@cadca.org
703-706-0560, Ext. 247
Join us! - membership@cadca.org
Need training? - training@cadca.org
Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT
Amy.R.Haskins@wv.gov
(304) 372-2634
Stay Connected!
78
79. Education and Advocacy Track:
Planning and Best Practices for
Community Responses
Presenters:
• Veronica Nunley, MS, Director of Organizational
Development, Pathways, Inc.
• Mary Elizabeth “Mel” Elliott, Vice President of
Communications, Membership and IT, Community
Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA)
• Amy RH Haskins, MA, SIT, Public Health Educator and
Sanitarian, Jackson County (WV) Health Department,
and Project Director, Jackson County Anti-Drug Coalition
Moderator: Tom Handy, Chair, Operation UNITE Board of
Directors