OBIS and Caribbean Marine Atlas
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What can the Ocean Biogeographic Information System contribute to the Caribbean Marine Atlas.
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OBIS and Caribbean Marine Atlas
- 1. Ocean Biogeographic Information System Ward Appeltans Project manager OBIS IODE Programme IOC-UNESCO
- 2. VISION / MISSION VISION: To be the most comprehensive Gateway to the World’s Ocean Biodiversity and Biogeographic data and information required to address pressing coastal and world ocean concerns MISSION: To build and maintain a global alliance that collaborates with scientific communities to facilitate free and open access to, and application of, biodiversity and biogeographic data and information on marine life.
- 3. CBD-Aichi 2020Biodiversity Targets Target 19 By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared and transferred, and applied.
- 4. iOBIS OBIS node I GE-OBIS SG-OBIS 8 Task Teams OBIS node II OBIS node II Science TT Data providers Taxon. TT Training TT OBIS node III OBIS node III Data providers Data providers Data TT OBIS node III Data providers Data providers Data providers Tech. TT ... Data providers
- 5. IOC Project Office for IODE/OBIS OBIS international secretariat
- 6. OBIS secretariat Coordination of the global network Communication, awareness Support to Member States Capacity building, standards, best practices Integrated database Data access, services and tools Quality assurance
- 7. “global coverage” 37,000,000 observations of 120,000 marine species
- 8. Progress! We are filling in the gaps 2013 has around 2.7x more depth records (almost 19Million, cf. almost 7M) compared to 2009, and the range of sample depths represented has increased slightly, from 0-10670m in 2009 to 0-10900m now.
- 9. Benefit Sharing: data repatriation records not from nat. OBIS node records from nat. OBIS node 100% 35316 2178 18823 5375 90% 25848 10936 105964 80% 743579 70% 442862 2573860 60% 50% 121300 310673 102293 613595 2104304 806219 967159 182042 40% 23016 102745 52498 419965 30% 1106458 20% 266302 1327640 10% 8951 9349 0% Belgium S-Korea Japan Brazil Argentina Australia Canada USA 9 New S-Africa Zealand India China 0 0 0 France Germany Norway
- 10. Developing guidelines on standards and best practices (QC tools) Tools for taxonomic quality control Catodon (Meganeuron) krefftii Gray, 1865 (synonym) Catodon australis Wall, 1851 (synonym) Catodon colneti Gray, 1850 (synonym) Catodon macrocephalus Lacépède, 1804 (synonym) Cetus cylindricus Billberg, 1828 (synonym) Delphinus bayeri Risso, 1826 (synonym) Phiseter cylindricus Bonnaterre, 1789 (synonym) Phiseter mular Bonnaterre, 1789 (synonym) Phiseter trumpo Bonnaterre, 1789 (synonym) Physalus cylindricus Lacépède, 1804 (synonym) Physeter andersonii Borowski, 1780 (synonym) Physeter australasiensis Desmoulins, 1822 (synonym) Physeter australis Gray, 1846 (synonym) Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758 (synonym) Physeter maximus G. Cuvier, 1798 (synonym) Physeter microps Linnaeus, 1758 (synonym) Physeter microps rectidentatus Kerr, 1792 (synonym) Physeter novaeangliae Borowski, 1780 (synonym) Physeter orthodon Lacépède, 1804 (synonym) Physeter tursio Linnaeus, 1758 (synonym) Physeterus sulcatus Lacépède, 1818 (synonym) Tursio vulgaris Fleming, 1822 (synonym) Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758
- 11. Developing guidelines on standards and best practices (QC tools) Tools for geographic quality control Example dataset “Marine Turtles”: sightings and strandings of marine turtles around the coast of UK and Ireland” Outliers due to missing of minus sign. Corrections made after consultation data provider.
- 12. Developing guidelines on standards and best practices (QC tools) Tools for quality control based on environmental/habitat parameter ranges Salinity temperature depth
- 13. OBIS-SEAMAP supports multiple data types Ship & aerial surveys Telemetry tracking Acoustic Genetics Colonies & sites Forecasting / Models PhotoID
- 14. Survey tracks
- 15. Data is presented for use cases - Ecosystem MPA Wind Planning Other regions coming
- 16. Number of records per MPA
- 17. Quick summaries on click
- 18. Species checklists for a region
- 19. Detail views of data
- 21. On the fly biodiversity calculations in OBISSEAMAP Choosing a taxa and Region (Aves, North Sea)
- 23. Number of species recorded in each year Aves data, constrained
- 24. Biodiversity indexes calculated for region Aves data, constrained
- 25. Defined polygons work the same way No data for year
- 26. Biodiversity in North Sea by season Bird biodiversity is higher in winter
- 27. Adding species richness to species diversity calculations
- 28. Compare number of records to biodiversity ~ 64000 records used to calculated biodiv, for 1984
- 29. Invasive species Ensis directus (razor shell) Aichi Target 9 By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment. Source: OBIS, 2013
- 30. lionfish Before 2000 NOW widespread in Caribbean
- 31. Species distribution modeling (aquamaps) Flathead mullet (point data)
- 32. Species distribution modeling (aquamaps) Flathead mullet (native range)
- 33. Species distribution modeling (aquamaps) Flathead mullet (Year 2050 range)
- 34. Trendylyzer Discovering trends in community structure/species composition 34
- 35. Discovering trends in community structure/species composition Major problems: Data gaps: temporal, geographic and taxonomic scope Sampling bias Few long-term time series data
- 36. Discovering trends in community structure/species composition Major problems: Most species are rare, or difficult to observe Still many new species discoveries creates noise in trends Which species are most common, and do have enough data?
- 37. Defining (relative) commonness of species For each species: 1. Nr of observations 2. Nr of individuals per observation 3. Nr of observations per dataset 4. Nr of datasets 5. Nr of geographical cells 6. Temporal frequency of the observations Normalizing => relative commonness. Create score or rank by taxonomic group Make selection of species for which we do have enough data to detect trends
- 38. Pisces, by different ranks, 2000s 1 Rhi typ Lim lim Lim lim Squ aca Lim lim Lim lim 2 Gad mor Lim lim Gad mor Gad mor Gad mor Gad mor Gad mor 3 Clu har Gad mor Clu har Mel aeg Hip pla Clu har Clu har 4 Mer mer Thu ori Mer mer Clu har Clu har Mer mer Mer mer 5 High variation among terms, so each term separately will yield different ranks Lim lim Mel aeg Mel aeg Mel aeg Ple pla Mel aeg Mel aeg Mel aeg 6 Ple pla Clu har Ple pla Hip pla Gly cyn Ple pla Ple pla 7 8 9 10 Eut gur Pla fle Hip pla Thy atu Xip gla Spr spr Thu alb Scy can Mic kit Oph elo Mer min Tri mer Cal lyr Aci tra Tri esm Thu ala Tra tra Sco pou Mic sco Ple pla Hip pla Mer mer Xip gla Thu ala Scy can Eut gur Pte vol Pla fle Squ aca Gym cer Thumin alb Tri mer Mer mol Mol kit Mic lyr Cal Mic pou Gly cyn Spr spr Tra tra Thy sco Sco atu Oph elo Enc sco Myo cim Mul sur Tri esm Eut gur Pla fle Hip pla Spr spr Thu alb Scy can Xip gla Mic kit Thy atu Mer mer Tri min Cal lyr Tri esm Tra tra Thu sco ala Sco pou Mic Pol vir Squ aca Enc cim Gly sco Myo cyn Lop pis Mer mer Scy can Eut gur Pla fle Thu ala Squ aca Thu alb Xip gla Tri min Mer mer Mic kit Mol mol Cal lyr Mic pou Spr spr Gly cyn Tra tra Sco sco Enc sco Myo cim Mul sur Tri esm Myo sco Sco sco Cyc lum Zeu fab Enc cim Pol vir Mul sur Tri min Tra tra Cal lyr Lop pis Lim lim Scy can Ple pla Eut gur Mer mer Mer mer Mic kit Pla fle Eut gur Pla fle Hip pla Thy atu Xip gla Spr spr Thu alb Scy can Mic kit Oph elo Mer min Tri mer Cal lyr Aci tra Tri esm Thu ala Tra tra Sco pou Mic sco Eut gur Pla fle Hip pla Thy atu Spr spr Xip gla Thu alb Scy can Mic kit Oph elo Mer min Tri mer Cal lyr Aci tra Tri esm Thu ala Tra tra Sco pou Mic sco Pol vir Squ aca Pol vir Squ aca Zeu fab Zeu fab Pol vir Lop pis Thy atu Cyc lum Enc cyn Gly cim Myo sco Lop pis Thu ori Rhi fab Zeu typ Enc cyn Gly cim Myo sco Lop pis Mul sur Mol lum Cyc mol Mic pou Spr spr Tri esm Mol mol Pte vol Oph elo Thu alb Mul sur Gymmol Mol cer Cyc lum Mul sur Gymmol Mol cer Cyc lum Oph elo Pte vol Thu vol Pte ori n 1 deg n MEOW 20 Pol vir Squ aca 100 200 500 Enc cyn Gly cim Myo sco Lop pis Thu ori Rhi fab Zeu typ Mul sur Gymmol Mol cer Cyc lum Aci pis Zeu tra Pol vir Lop fab Cyc lum Pte vol Pte vol 1000 Xip elo Oph gla Thu ala Thy atu Pte vol Rhi typ Rhi fab Zeu typ Gym ori Thu cer Aci tra 5000 n records s ranks n records2 s ranks2 n datasets
- 39. Results 20 most common species per decade for 10 different taxonomic groups
- 40. Results
- 41. Results
- 42. Results PEAK based on Nr of records Fulmar
- 43. Results ? Fulmar Losing its common species status among the seabirds?
- 44. CBD Aichi Target 11 10% of coastal and marine areas are conserved/managed sustainably by 2020… EBSA VME PSSA Natura2000 MPA UNESCO WHS UNESCO Biospheres …
- 45. CBD-COP10 listed OBIS as a key source of information for the identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) part of CBD Areas of high biodiversity Areas of special importance for the life history of a species Areas of significant naturalness Areas of uniqueness or rarity
- 46. Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Areas (EBSAs) 46
- 47. Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Areas (EBSAs) 47
- 48. The Caribbean
- 49. REVIEW OF THE KNOWN 2004-2010
- 50. Coastal diversity by longitude at~11º N
- 51. Caribbean Marine biodiversity ~12,100 species Taxonomic group Vegetation Macroalgae Invertebrates Sponges Corals and related Polychaete worms Molluscs Crustaceans Echinoderms Vertebrates Fish TOTAL ~62% represented by molluscs, crustaceans, and fish # species 561 519 994 671 3032 2916 438 1539 10670 % 4.6 4.3 8.2 5.6 25.1 24.1 3.6 12.7 88.3
- 52. Caribbean: species accumulation curve Echinoderms, fishes, mollusks Fishes: 1539 species Mollusks: 3032 species The “best known” groups are far from reaching an asymptote: much more to discover Echinoderms: 438 species Not much more to discover? Unlikely….
- 53. Caribbean fish records Caribbean deep sea records >200m
- 54. Caribbean diversity: MDS by country/ecoregion Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province Does species composition follow the Spalding (2007) ecoregional model? 64 - Eastern Caribbean 65 - Greater Antilles 66 - Southern Caribbean 67 - Southwestern Caribbean 68 - Western Caribbean High homogeneity among ecoregions: particular exceptions
- 55. Country contribution to regional diversity
- 56. Caribbean diversity by ecoregion Sponges, corals, mollusks, amphipods, echinoderms Ecoregion Total species Coastline length (km) Species / km coast Greater Antilles 2781 (*) 8477 33 South Western 2129 3880 55 Western 1664 2089 80 Southern 1615 3444 47 Eastern 1441 1322 109 (*)
- 57. Caribbean LME Stations with data in OBIS
- 58. Caribbean LME
- 59. Caribbean LME
- 60. Caribbean LME
- 61. Caribbean LME
- 62. Caribbean LME
- 63. OBIS & CMA OBIS could be the platform to publish and distribute biodiversity data Global OBIS can provide more biodiversity/biogeographic data than a single country/institution Data providers keep the ownership of the data (OBIS receives the rights to publish) OBIS can provide dedicated webservices for the CMA OBIS can provide national/regional reporting tools (indicators on biodiversity, species richness, trends and time series)
- 64. Marine Biodiversity + Conservation Marine Biodiversity + Management Marine Biodiversity + Planning Marine Biodiversity Rocks!!! Souce: Web of Science
- 65. Join OBIS OBIS node National Oceanographic Data Centre Associate Data Unit (ADU) Or become data provider to existing OBIS node Contact Eduardo Klein (Caribbean OBIS node manager)
Notas do Editor
- When looking at each term separately, there is a high variation in ranks, with the same fish species listed in the top 10 down below to rank 5000.
- We repeated this for ten different taxonomic groups
- So when you look at Nr of records, the fulmar had high peaks in the 1990s.
- But when you combine all the terms, the Fulmar is losing its common species status among the other seabirds.
- In Nagoya, in October 2010, the 193 Members States of the Convention on Biological Diversity requested Member States to further enhance globally networked scientific efforts, such as OBIS, to continue to update a comprehensive and accessible global database of all forms of life in the sea, and further assess and map the distribution and abundance of species in the sea. They also explicitly called upon IOC to further facilitate availability and inter-operability of the best available marine and coastal biodiversity data sets and information across global, regional and national scales. The CBD secretariat is organizing a series of regional workshops to identify the most Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Areas (EBSAs). OBIS is used as one of the major sources for data on the diversity and distribution of marine biodiversity, such as marine mammals, reptiles, IUCN red list species, but also shallow and deepwater biodiversity. On this slide you see a biodiversity index map provided for the identification of EBSAs in the Caribbean region.
- In Nagoya, in October 2010, the 193 Members States of the Convention on Biological Diversity requested Member States to further enhance globally networked scientific efforts, such as OBIS, to continue to update a comprehensive and accessible global database of all forms of life in the sea, and further assess and map the distribution and abundance of species in the sea. They also explicitly called upon IOC to further facilitate availability and inter-operability of the best available marine and coastal biodiversity data sets and information across global, regional and national scales. The CBD secretariat is organizing a series of regional workshops to identify the most Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Areas (EBSAs). OBIS is used as one of the major sources for data on the diversity and distribution of marine biodiversity, such as marine mammals, reptiles, IUCN red list species, but also shallow and deepwater biodiversity. On this slide you see a biodiversity index map provided for the identification of EBSAs in the Caribbean region.