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Historical 20 Timeline 2
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Notas do Editor
Greek physician Hippocrates had concerns over how people with mental health problems were treated & so did Plato Following fall of Roman Empire in 476 AD Often treated brutally and tortured. Sometimes families would choose to hide relatives with mental health problems. ‘ Bedlam’ was the name to symbolise the treatment of the patients/ inmates who were put on public display for tuppence a look
William Battie was a pioneer in the care of people with mental health problems. From whose name the term ‘batty’ is derived. Part of the new school of thought that institutionalising patients in asylums was in itself therapeutic; their purpose was not only to protect the patients and society but was in itself curative. He recognised that mental health nurses needed special training and wrote that ‘madness is as manageable as many other distempers’ and that its victims ‘ought by no means to be abandoned, much less shut up in loathsome prisons as criminals or nuisances to the society’. The rich were expected to pay a donation of sixpence but the poor were ‘to be electrified for free’ Advances in general medical knowledge saw attention shift from pathology & bacteriology to a search for organic causes of mental health problems
The Lunacy Act required countries to provide asylums Dr Connoly was a doctor at the Hanwell Asylum where patients were cared for without chains - He introduced a system of no-restraint into practice. Read hanwell article from Edinburgh Magazine as highlighted
Followed by 1844 first English journal published in USA – The American Journal of insanity, 1855 the British journal of Mental Health Science was developed
Nightingale was the dominant nursing theorist until 1950
An Examination question in those days was ‘around the ability to detect abnormalities in specimen of urine as this was considered an important feature of the attendants work
Before these most treatments were of a physical nature and often involving the use of restraints such as straitjackets and being subjected to cold water baths or showers These were of varying efficacy and toxicity
This book emphasised the nurse patient relationship as the essence of nursing - Peplau’s model focused on a total view of the client from health promotion to health restoration whereby mental health nursing is seen as a therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the patient
Deinstitutionalisation resulted in an expansion of community based care and the relocation of inpatient psychiatric beds to general hospitals. Community based care involved the establishment of community mental health centres and supported accommodation with a greater emphasis on the MDT however several gaps in community based services was revealed and needed rectifying the MOH established a set of five strategic directions as part of an overall strategy for mental health. By 1996 there was recognition that more specific policy and targeting of funding was needed to achieve the objectives of the National Mental Health Strategy. - 1996 Mason Report identified continuing problems with the services and made numerous recommendations – Among these was the recommendation of creating a national monitoring body This sets more specific targets for service developments the benchmarks set in Moving Forward include the range of Mild, Moderate and severe mental disorders among the adult population It also looks at the infrastructure, mental health promotion and prevention
This is the principle document that guides the work of the MHC originally the commission expected their work to be completed by 2001 but such is the complexity of reform and the scope of issues to still to be addressed that the commission still exists Recovery is a philosophical orientation to mental health and mental health service and is promoted by the MHC as part of its mandate to promote better mental health services Recovery is a concept with a long history in Mental Health Care but the commissions work is linked to the consumer advocacy movement rather than having a medically orientated meaning of recovery as cure of illness.
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