3. H+ and pH – 10 Points
QUESTION:
•Zero is commonly referred to what on the pH scale
ANSWER:
•Acidic
4. H+ and pH – 20 Points
QUESTION:
•The pH is considered what if the H+ is high
ANSWER:
•Low (acidic)
5. H+ and pH – 30 Points
QUESTION:
•Normal arterial blood pH range
ANSWER:
•7.35 to 7.45
6. H+ and pH – 40 Points
QUESTION:
•There is a systemic decrease in hydrogen ion
concentration or an excess of base
ANSWER:
•Alkalemia
7. H+ and pH – 50 Points
QUESTION:
•An ion necessary to maintain membrane integrity and
the speed of enzymatic reactions
ANSWER:
•Hydrogen ion
8. Imbalances – 10 Points
QUESTION:
•Occurs when there is alveolar hypoventilation
ANSWER:
•Respiratory Acidosis
9. Imbalances – 20 Points
QUESTION:
•Occurs when there is bicarbonate loss (less than 24
mEq/L) either from the extracellular fluid or cannot be
regenerated by the kidneys
ANSWER:
•Metabolic Acidosis
10. Imbalances – 30 Points
QUESTION:
•Occurs when there is alveolar hyperventilation
(excessive blow-off of CO2) and decreased plasma
carbon dioxide (hypocapnia)
ANSWER:
•Respiratory Alkalosis
11. Imbalances– 40 Points
QUESTION:
•Occurs when bicarbonate is increased (exceeds 26
mEq/L), usually caused by excessive loss of metabolic
acids
ANSWER:
•Metabolic Alkalosis
16. ABG Analysis – 40 Points
QUESTION:
Jane Joe is a 45-year-old female admitted to the ED with a
severe asthma attack. She has been experiencing
increasing shortness of breath since admission three hours
ago. Her arterial blood gas is as follows:
pH: 7.22
PaCO2: 55
HCO3: 25
ANSWER:
Respiratory Acidosis
17. ABG Analysis – 50 Points
QUESTION:
Mr. Worried is a 52-year-old widow. He is retired and living alone. He
enters the ED complaining of shortness of breath and tingling in fingers.
His breathing is shallow and rapid. He denies diabetes; blood sugar is
normal. There are no EKG changes. He has no significant respiratory or
cardiac history. He takes several antianxiety medications. He says he
has had anxiety attacks before. While being worked up for chest pain an
ABG is done:
ABG results are:
pH= 7.48
PaCO2= 28
HCO3= 22
ANSWER:
•Respiratory Alkalosis
18. Compensation – 10 Points
QUESTION:
pH is within the normal range
ANSWER:
Fully compensated
19. Compensation – 20 Points
QUESTION:
The body is slowly trying to compensate and fix the
imbalance of the pH
ANSWER:
Partially compensated
20. Compensation – 30 Points
QUESTION:
The body has not done anything to fix the problem or
the imbalance and pH is below 7.35 or higher than
7.45
ANSWER:
Uncompensated
21. Compensation – 40 Points
QUESTION:
Jane Jones is a 54-year-old admitted to the ED for an ileus.
She has been experiencing nausea and vomiting. An NG
tube has been in place for the last 24 hours. Here are the last
ABG results:
pH: 7.43
PaCO2: 48
HCO3: 36
ANSWER:
Fully Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis
22. Compensation – 50 Points
QUESTION:
Mrs. Puffer is a 35-year-old single mother, just getting off the night shift.
She reports to the ED in the early morning with shortness of breath. She
has cyanosis of the lips. She has had a productive cough for 2 weeks.
Her temperature is 102.2, blood pressure 110/76, heart rate 108,
respirations 32, rapid and shallow. Breath sounds are diminished in both
bases, with coarse rhonchi in the upper lobes. Chest X-ray indicates
bilateral pneumonia.
ABG results are:
pH= 7.44
PaCO2= 28
HCO3= 24
ANSWER:
Fully Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis
23. Case Studies – 10 Points
QUESTION:
The results from the ABGs come back from the
laboratory and show:
pH = 7.37
Pa C02 = 29 mmHg
HC03 = 17 mEq/L
ANSWER:
Fully Compensated Metabolic Acidosis
24. Case Studies – 20 Points
QUESTION:
Arterial blood gas values are as follows:
pH: 7.24
PaCO2: 32 mmHg
HCO3: 14 mEq/L
ANSWER:
Partially Compensated Metabolic Acidosis
25. Case Studies – 30 Points
QUESTION:
A client, 5 days post-abdominal surgery, has a nasogastric tube.
The nurse notes that the nasogastric tube (NGT) is draining a
large amount (900 cc in 2hours) of coffee ground secretions. The
physcian orders STAT ABGs. The ABG results show:
pH = 7.52
Pa C02 = 35 mmHg
HC03 = 29 mEq/L
ANSWER:
Uncompensated Metabolic Alkalosis
26. Case Studies – 40 Points
QUESTION:
A client is admitted to the hospital and is being prepared for a
craniotomy (brain surgery). The client is very anxious and scared
of the impending surgery. He begins to hyperventilate and
becomes very dizzy. The client looses consciousness and the
STAT ABGs reveal:
pH = 7.57
Pa C02 = 26 mmHg
HC03 = 24 mEq/L
ANSWER:
Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis
27. Case Studies – 50 Points
QUESTION:
A two-year-old is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of
asthma and respiratory distress syndrome. The father of the
infant reports to the nurse that he has observed slight tremors
and behavioral changes in his child over the past three days. The
attending physician orders routine ABGs following an
assessment of the ABCs. The ABG results are:
pH = 7.36
Pa C02 = 69 mmHg
HC03 = 36 mEq/L
ANSWER:
Fully Compensated Respiratory Acidosis
Editor's Notes
Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009
