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- 1. DIGITAL PLAGIARISM in the primary school setting First the teachers, then the students: Digital Plagiarism Nicole Mayhew 11347310 ETL523 http://openclipart.org/detail/5490/mag nifying-glass-by-mcol
- 2. Overview • Digital Plagiarism- what is it? What does it look and sound like? • What do students, parents and teachers need to know? What are the key issues? • Ways to explicitly address and teach students • Questions and recommended readings
- 3. • Plagiarism is when... • Copyright • Copyright protection extends to: artistic works, literary works, musical works, dramatic works, film and moving images, sound recordings and broadcasts (pay and free to air TV and radio) What is plagiarism? What’s in the bag and what can you access from your phone? http://openclipart.org/detail/83317 /school-bag-by-kib
- 4. What do YOU need to know? • Why do students plagiarise using digital means? • What constitutes copyright and plagiarism? Copyright: Smartcopy 2013
- 5. What do STUDENTS need to know? • Students need to know how to be responsible and ethical users of information • Need to be aware of digital information • As they get older, schools and further education settings may use computer software to check their work for plagiarism
- 6. What should our school community do? • Engage students in discussion and develop their skills in digital citizenship • Build a teaching and learning environment that values and rewards ethical digital citizenship skills • Work with parents and carers to be alerted to and help build their child’s ethical model http://openclipart.org/detail/1595/ipod -by-johnny_automatic
- 7. How can students avoid digital plagiarism? What to do What not to do • Monitor their own progress with assistance from teachers • Learn note taking and drafting strategies • Learn about what plagiarism is • Use teaching resources and online materials to learn more • Copy and paste • Only use one source of information
- 8. What resources are available to assist students and teachers? • Sites2See © State of NSW, Department of Education and Communities, 2012 Copyright: MCEETYA • Creative Commons Copyright: Creative Commons
- 9. How to help students Classroom Teachers Teacher Librarian • By the end of Year 6 curriculum expectations as per ACARA ICT General Capabilities • Negotiate and set tasks that will engage students, rather than tasks they are not interested in • Work with classroom teachers to develop appropriate skills in line with our ICT scope and sequence • Explicitly teach students the information skills process • Ensure they work closely with CRT and have same expectations COPYRIGHT: State of NSW through NSW DET 2007
- 10. Working together- home and school At school- teachers can At home- parents can • Promote digital citizenship through the school newsletter and stage newsletters • Set homework tasks that encourage parents to work with students where possible • Provide workshops for parents and carers to increase their knowledge and understanding of digital citizenship • Ensure they know what their children are accessing via monitoring usage • Participate in school events to learn more • Encourage their children to follow digital citizenship guidelines and work with the school http://www.teacherclipart.com.au/pr oducts/search/name:computer
- 11. In conclusion... • What are your professional responsibilities? • How confident are you in teaching these skills to our students? • What will you do now to prepare yourself ?
- 12. Recommended Readings For further information For teaching and learning • Smartcopying http://www.smartcopying.edu.a u/scw/go • Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org/ • Rethinking Plagiarism in the Digital Age Evering & Moorman (2012) • All Right to Copy? http://www.smartcopying.edu.a u/scw/all-right-to- copy/artc/index.htm • Sites2See http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.a u/lrrSecure/Sites/LRRView/8 587/
- 13. References Australian and New Zealand Institute for Information Literacy (ANZIIL)and Council of Australian University Librarians (CAUL) 2004: Literacy Framework- principles, practice and standards: Adelaide Australian Curriculum and Reporting Authority (ACARA) (2013) ICT General Capabilities, Retrieved from: http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/GeneralCapabilities/Information-and-Communication- Technology-capability/Organising-elements/Organising-elements on 18/4/13 Banerjee, G. (2010) teaching Students Personal and Social Responsibility. An “Engaged Pedagogy” with Instructional technologies. In D.Gibson & B. Dodge (Eds), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education, International Conference , pp. 2156- 2161: Chesapeale: VA: AACE. Retrieved from http://www.editlid.org/p/33682 on 11/4/13. Ercegovac , Z. (2009) Plagiarism of Print and Electronic Resources. In Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Third Edition. Taylor and Francis: New York, Published online: 09 Dec 2009; 4206-4215. Everingham, L.C. & Moorman, G. (2012) Rethinking Plagiarism in the Digital Age. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy; 56 (1), pp. 35-41.
- 14. References continued Farmer, L. (2011) Teaching Digital Citizenship, In Proceedings of Global Time, pp. 291- 296: AACE. Retrieved from http://www.editlib.org/p/37093 on 11/4/13 Johnson, D. (2009) Creative Commons and Why It Should Be More Commonly Understood: Library Media Connection; May/June, pp. 56-57 Kutz, E., Rhodes, W., Sutherland, S., & Zamel, V. (2011) Addressing Plagiarism in A Digital Age. Human Architecture: Journal Of The Sociology of Self-Knowledge, 9(3), pp. 15-35 Ma, H., Wan, G. & Lu, E. (2008) Digital Cheating and Plagiarism in Schools, Theory Into Practice, 47:3, pp. 197-203 Retrieved from: http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/doi/full/10.1080/00405840802153 809 on 17/4/13 Smartcopying (2013) Retrieved from http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go on 12/4/13
- 15. References State of New South Wales, Department of Education and Communities (2012) Sites2See: NSW Curriculum and Learning Innovation Centre: Strathfield State of NSW through the NSW Department of Education and Training (2007), The Information Skills Process: Retrieved from :http://www.curriculumsupport.education.nsw.gov.au/schoollibraries/teac hingideas/isp/index.htm. Accessed on 4/4/13 Teacher Clip Art: http://www.teacherclipart.com.au/products/search Zafron, M. (2012): Good Intentions: Providing Students with Skills to Avoid Accidental Plagiarism, Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 31:2, 225-229
Notas do Editor
- Run through the four ideas that will be explored briefly!
- Ask for ideas of what constitutes plagiarism as experienced in the school setting.Plagiarism is when a student (in our case) uses someone else’s ideas or words in their work and pretends they are their own. If a student uses a lot of someone else’s words without permission, copyright infringement may also occur. (Smartcopying 2013) http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/1016)It is the act of stealing and passing off another persons work as one’s own. There is a difference between plagiarism and copyright infringement- plagiarism allegatiosn can be much more damaging to a person than copyright infringements Plagiarism is a moral issue which is at the heart of educational sectors- (Ercegocav 2009)Plagiarism is a complex issue which is socially constructed, what actually constitutes plagiarism can be be differentiated according to one’s ethicsPlagiarism is not universally accepted, for example the AmishCurrent concept of plagiarism is largely a western issue (Fishman 1981 in Evering & Moorman 2012)Copyright refers to the rights surrounding creative works such as text, artistic works, music, sound recordings and films. Copyright owners can prevent others from reproducing their materials without permissionIn Australia copyright protection is automatic. A work does not have to have a copyright notice on it for it to be copyright protected.Smartcopying (2013)
- Why do students plagiarise using digital means?Because they don’t know it is plagiarising (improper citation)Lack of maturityLazyLack of experience with a particular taskLack of interest in the taskObservation of peers’ behaviourPressure to earn good marks for the task(Evering & Moorman 2012, Banerjee 2010)English is not their first language- could be a factor in our school with 75% Non English Speaking BackgroundPoor time managementPoor notetaking skills(Zafron 2012)What constitutes plagiarism, what will it look like in our students?The Smartcopying (2013) website is designed for Australian schools and has topics such as What is copyright?Copyright teaching resourcesAudio-visual resources on Web 2.0Artistic works and photographsComputer programsFilm and DVDInternet and multimediaMusical worksAnd much more
- Students need to be explicitly HOW to access, synthesise and use information, be socially responsibleNeeds to be across the curriculum- TL is in perfect position to work with CRT on thisThat all staff and students are on the same page with digital citizenship- same expectations and consequences for not following guidelines- need for a school wide policy and responsibilities (Farmer 2011)Learners need to know their digital rights as well as their responsibilitiesTo be able to self-identify inappropriate digital behaviours- possible way is through case studies(Farmer 2011)Be involved in group discussion around identifying inappropriate behavioursMany ‘younger generation’ students do not take the idea of ‘intellectual property’ seriously because so much material has been freely available in the WWW since their early childhood (Banerjee 2010)T
- Teachers can make a difference in class and through online by making frequent reference to core values and principles, asking questions and encouraging multiple perspectives (Banerjee 2010)Teachers need to work with students and parents toconform with conventions and etiquette related to access to, and use of information• demonstrate an understanding of what constitutes plagiarism and correctly acknowledges the work and ideas of others• participate in electronic discussions following accepted practices eg Netiquetterespects the access rights of all users and does not damage information resources• obtain, store, and disseminate text, data, images, or sounds in a legal manner• demonstrate an understanding of intellectual property, copyright and fair use of copyrighted material[Australian and New Zealand Institute for Information Literacy (ANZIIL) and Council of Australian University Librarians CAUL:2004)]Students should be engaged in learning which is relevant and interesting. Some of the research indicates students plagiarise because the topic is boring and they just want to get the task done quickly (Ma, Wan and Lu 2009; Farmer 2011; Kutz, Rhodes, Sutherland & Zamel 2011)Teachers need to work with parents and students to combat digital plagiarism. Peer and social culture can play an important role. (Ma, Wan and Lu 2009)
- Schools have a very influential role in regards to teaching about digital plagiarism. Prevention techniques include:A school policy, explicit teaching of citation techniquesAct as a role modelAvoid standardised testing, that is teachers should avoid setting it! (Granitz & Loewy in Ercegovac 2009)
- Sites2See Available at: http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Sites/LRRView/10457/ Accessed on 17/4/13 Following resources are available through the intranet, students can access and work through the sessions.All right to Copy? Series of videos with different scenariosLinks to free photos, videos and imagesLinks to learning more about copyright such as moral issues, copying images and what students can do on a blog or wikiCreative CommonsInfo about the creative commons symbols and what it is. Link through Sites2SeeCreative Commons is a system that allows creators of original works to specify how they can be used. Refer to what each means.
- The Information Skills ProcessState of NSW through the NSW Department of Education and Training (2007)http://www.curriculumsupport.education.nsw.gov.au/schoollibraries/teachingideas/isp/index.htm. Accessed on 4/4/13ACARAICT General CapabilityBy the end of Year 6- Recognise intellectual propertyStudents should be able to:identify the legal obligations regarding the ownership and use of digital products and apply some referencing conventions eg.listing all sources, authors names and URLs of information they use By the end year 8- Recognise Intellectual PropertyStudents should be able to:apply practices that comply with legal obligations regarding the ownership and use of digital products resources eg. naming sources, avoiding plagiarism, knowing what may or may not be copied, checking for permissions and legal obligations before publishing of work ACARA (2013) http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/GeneralCapabilities/Information-and-Communication-Technology-capability/Organising-elements/Organising-elements
- At school teachers can promote the use of Creative Commons for students to share their own work and creations. By making students share their own content, they become more aware of the idea of intellectual property (Johnson 2009)Encouraging students to teach their parents and carers about how to cite correctly. By training and sharing responsible technology use students will be empowered as they apply their digital citizenship skills (Farmer 2011)Examples of newsletter items, P&C information nights and cybersafety at home