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So what’s this ‘cloud’ stuff all about?




Simon Oxley
@soxley
               warning: this is an infrastructure biased presentation
The Cloud: according to @soxley
Any service that is:
        • Accessed via the Internet
        • On  demand near-instant provisioning
        • Elastic can supply an infinite demand
        • Managed by the provider


Q: Why is it called ‘The Cloud’?
A: Because that’s how architects draw ‘The Internet’
How did we get here?
1944

The Colossus at Bletchley Park
                                 The first Colossus is operational at
                                 Bletchley Park. The Colossus was
                                 designed to break the
                                 complex Lorenz ciphers used by
                                 the Nazis during WWII.

                                 Each Colossus used 1,500
                                 vacuum tubes and a series of
                                 pulleys transported continuous
                                 rolls of punched paper tape containing
                                 possible solutions to a particular code.
1953
IBM 701
          IBM shipped its first electronic
          computer, the 701. During three
          years of production, IBM sold 19
          machines to research laboratories,
          aircraft companies, and the federal
          government.

          The system used electrostatic storage,
          consisting of 72 Williams tubes with a
          capacity of 1024 bits each

          Rent: $11,900 monthly or more,
          depending upon storage capacity.
1961
IBM 1401
           The IBM 1401 mainframe, the first in the
           series, replaced the vacuum tube with smaller,

           more reliable   transistors and
           used a magnetic        core memory.

           Demand called for more than 12,000 of the
           1401 computers, and the machine´s success

           made a strong case for using   general-
           purpose computers rather than
           specialized systems.
1965
DEC PDP-8
            Digital Equipment Corp. introduced the
            PDP-8, the first commercially
            successful minicomputer. The PDP-8
            sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of
            a small IBM 360 mainframe.


            The   speed, small size, and
            reasonable   cost enabled the PDP-
            8 to go into thousands of manufacturing
            plants, small businesses, and scientific
            laboratories.
1966
HP-2115
          Hewlett-Packard entered the
          general purpose computer
          business with its HP-2115 for
          computation, offering a computational
          power formerly found only in much
          larger computers.

          It supported a wide variety of
          languages, among them
          BASIC, ALGOL, and FORTRAN.
1981
IBM PC 5150
              IBM introduced its PC  , igniting a fast
              growth of the personal computer
              market.


              The first PC ran on a 4.77 MHz   Intel
              8088 microprocessor and used
              Microsoft´s MS-DOS   operating
              system.
1987
IBM PS/2
           IBM introduced its PS/2 machines, which
           made the 3 1/2-inch floppy disk drive and

           video graphics array   standard for
           IBM computers.


           The first IBMs to include Intel´s 80286
           chip, the company had shipped more than
           1 million units by the end of the year.
from this point on, nothing really changed…


Everything just got            faster smaller          ,

and   cheaper*


    *or as Simon Wardley would say – “Commoditized” so why is this relevant…
What just happened?
Commoditization of the stack
Tubes, pulleys  transistors  integrated circuits & mass production



                 Applications


              Operating System


                  Hardware



  …common components enabling market expansion and increased competition
Step in Virtualization…
Virtualization was first developed in the 1960s to partition large,
mainframe hardware for better hardware utilization.

Then we started buying lots of small, cheap servers and forgot all
about virtualization… until they became:

    a) Difficult to manage (‘00s of physical servers, power, space, etc.)

    b) Massively under-utilized (as hardware became faster)


        Applications                                 App      App      App

     Operating System                                OS        OS       OS

         Hardware                                          Hardware


           …so we started to virtualize again, this time on commodity hardware
What about The Cloud?
The Cloud = Virtualization + Scale
                            Enabled by massive economies of scale.


As a result:

• Costs are driven down                    1.7 GB of RAM , 1 virtual core, 160GB

• Competition is increased                 $0.085 per/hour
• Innovation is increased




                            …some call this Infrastructure-as-a-Service
It’s more than just hardware…

                                         Cloud services are also
                                        Applications & Platforms




                  Applications

               Operating System/
                   Platform

                   Hardware




         …more buzzwords: Platform-as-a-Service & Software-as-a-Service
Why should you care?

                   your business
 Because cloud services enable

    to concentrate on what it does best.


Which is probably not:
               Installing Software
          Configuring Servers         Networks
               Backups       System Management
                         Deployment
We use a Cloud to represent the Internet and…

…to   hide complex infrastructure and systems.

                      “We don’t care what happens in the cloud
                      – it just works”



                                          Q: Should we care?
                                          A: Yes, and No
key elements to success in the cloud:

  • Transparency open communication
  • Reliability measured, reported
  • Standards lock-in, choice
                                                = TRUST




                                     …ask your cloud vendor these questions
So what’s next for The Cloud?

Some predictions…

   The operating system will become irrelevant
      Amazon: Relational Database Service          a database without server/os management overhead




            Everything will be available ‘as a service’
               Spotify: A world of music      music-as-a-service in the cloud




 A mix of very         large and niche-focused providers
    Amazon: EC2, S3 etc. leading cloud innovation at a massive scale
Thank you

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Past & Future Of The Cloud Nott Tues Nov 09

  • 1. So what’s this ‘cloud’ stuff all about? Simon Oxley @soxley warning: this is an infrastructure biased presentation
  • 2. The Cloud: according to @soxley Any service that is: • Accessed via the Internet • On demand near-instant provisioning • Elastic can supply an infinite demand • Managed by the provider Q: Why is it called ‘The Cloud’? A: Because that’s how architects draw ‘The Internet’
  • 3. How did we get here?
  • 4. 1944 The Colossus at Bletchley Park The first Colossus is operational at Bletchley Park. The Colossus was designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during WWII. Each Colossus used 1,500 vacuum tubes and a series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code.
  • 5. 1953 IBM 701 IBM shipped its first electronic computer, the 701. During three years of production, IBM sold 19 machines to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government. The system used electrostatic storage, consisting of 72 Williams tubes with a capacity of 1024 bits each Rent: $11,900 monthly or more, depending upon storage capacity.
  • 6. 1961 IBM 1401 The IBM 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaced the vacuum tube with smaller, more reliable transistors and used a magnetic core memory. Demand called for more than 12,000 of the 1401 computers, and the machine´s success made a strong case for using general- purpose computers rather than specialized systems.
  • 7. 1965 DEC PDP-8 Digital Equipment Corp. introduced the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM 360 mainframe. The speed, small size, and reasonable cost enabled the PDP- 8 to go into thousands of manufacturing plants, small businesses, and scientific laboratories.
  • 8. 1966 HP-2115 Hewlett-Packard entered the general purpose computer business with its HP-2115 for computation, offering a computational power formerly found only in much larger computers. It supported a wide variety of languages, among them BASIC, ALGOL, and FORTRAN.
  • 9. 1981 IBM PC 5150 IBM introduced its PC , igniting a fast growth of the personal computer market. The first PC ran on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsoft´s MS-DOS operating system.
  • 10. 1987 IBM PS/2 IBM introduced its PS/2 machines, which made the 3 1/2-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array standard for IBM computers. The first IBMs to include Intel´s 80286 chip, the company had shipped more than 1 million units by the end of the year.
  • 11. from this point on, nothing really changed… Everything just got faster smaller , and cheaper* *or as Simon Wardley would say – “Commoditized” so why is this relevant…
  • 13. Commoditization of the stack Tubes, pulleys  transistors  integrated circuits & mass production Applications Operating System Hardware …common components enabling market expansion and increased competition
  • 14. Step in Virtualization… Virtualization was first developed in the 1960s to partition large, mainframe hardware for better hardware utilization. Then we started buying lots of small, cheap servers and forgot all about virtualization… until they became: a) Difficult to manage (‘00s of physical servers, power, space, etc.) b) Massively under-utilized (as hardware became faster) Applications App App App Operating System OS OS OS Hardware Hardware …so we started to virtualize again, this time on commodity hardware
  • 15. What about The Cloud?
  • 16. The Cloud = Virtualization + Scale Enabled by massive economies of scale. As a result: • Costs are driven down 1.7 GB of RAM , 1 virtual core, 160GB • Competition is increased $0.085 per/hour • Innovation is increased …some call this Infrastructure-as-a-Service
  • 17. It’s more than just hardware… Cloud services are also Applications & Platforms Applications Operating System/ Platform Hardware …more buzzwords: Platform-as-a-Service & Software-as-a-Service
  • 18. Why should you care? your business Because cloud services enable to concentrate on what it does best. Which is probably not: Installing Software Configuring Servers Networks Backups System Management Deployment
  • 19. We use a Cloud to represent the Internet and… …to hide complex infrastructure and systems. “We don’t care what happens in the cloud – it just works” Q: Should we care? A: Yes, and No
  • 20. key elements to success in the cloud: • Transparency open communication • Reliability measured, reported • Standards lock-in, choice = TRUST …ask your cloud vendor these questions
  • 21. So what’s next for The Cloud? Some predictions… The operating system will become irrelevant Amazon: Relational Database Service a database without server/os management overhead Everything will be available ‘as a service’ Spotify: A world of music music-as-a-service in the cloud A mix of very large and niche-focused providers Amazon: EC2, S3 etc. leading cloud innovation at a massive scale