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Chapter 24 – Accessibility Outline 24.1  Introduction 24.2  Regulations and Resources 24.3  Web Accessibility Initiative 24.4  Providing Alternatives for Images 24.5  Maximizing Readability by Focusing on Structure 24.6  Accessibility in Visual Studio .NET 24.6.1  Enlarging Toolbar Icons 24.6.2  Enlarging the Text 24.6.3  Modifying the Toolbox 24.6.4  Modifying the Keyboard 24.6.5  Rearranging Windows 24.7  Accessibility in C# 24.8  Accessibility in XHTML Tables
Chapter 24 – Accessibility Outline 24.9  Accessibility in XHTML Frames 24.10  Accessibility in XML 24.11  Using Voice Synthesis and Recognition with VoiceXML™ 24.12  CallXML™ 24.13  JAWS® for Windows 24.14  Other Accessibility Tools 24.15  Accessibility in Microsoft® Windows® 2000 24.15.1  Tools for People with Visual Impairments 24.15.2  Tools for People with Hearing Impairments 24.15.3  Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard 24.15.4  Microsoft Narrator 24.15.5  Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard 24.15.6  Accessibility Features in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 24.16  Internet and World Wide Web Resources
24.1 Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.2 Regulations and Resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.2  Regulations and Resources
24.2  Regulations and Resources Fig. 24.2 We Media’s home page. (Courtesy of WeMedia, Inc.)
24.3 Web Accessibility Initiative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.4 Providing Alternative for Images ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.5 Maximizing Readability by Focusing on Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.6 Accessibility in Visual Studio .NET ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.6.1  Enlarging Toolbar Icons Fig. 24.3 Enlarging icons using the  Customize  feature.
24.6.1  Enlarging Toolbar Icons Fig. 24.4 Enlarged icons in the development window.
24.6.2  Enlarging the Text Fig. 24.5 Text Editor before modifying the font size.
24.6.2  Enlarging the Text Fig. 24.6 Enlarging text in the  Options  window.
24.6.2  Enlarging the Text Fig. 24.7 Text Editor after the font size is modified.
24.6.3  Modifying the Toolbox Fig. 24.8 Adding tabs to the  Toolbox .
24.6.4  Modifying the Keyboard Fig. 24.9 Shortcut key creation.   operation selection application to apply shortcuts mapping scheme key designation
24.6.5  Rearranging Windows Fig. 24.10 Removing tabs from Visual Studio environment.
24.6.5  Rearranging Windows Fig. 24.11 Console windows with tabs and without tabs.   no tabs tabs
24.7 Accessibility in C# ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.7  Accessibility in C#
TextToSpeech.cs 1  // Fig. 24.13: TextToSpeech.cs 2  // Providing audio for people with visual impairments. 3  4  using  System; 5  using  System.Drawing; 6  using  System.Collections; 7  using  System.ComponentModel; 8  using  System.Windows.Forms; 9  using  System.Data; 10  11  // helps users navigate a form with aid of audio cues 12  public class  TextToSpeech : System.Windows.Forms.Form 13  { 14  private  System.Windows.Forms.Label nameLabel; 15  private  System.Windows.Forms.Label phoneLabel; 16  17  private  System.Windows.Forms.TextBox nameTextBox; 18  private  System.Windows.Forms.TextBox phoneTextBox; 19  private  System.Windows.Forms.TextBox passwordTextBox; 20  21  private  System.Windows.Forms.Button submitButton; 22  23  private  System.Windows.Forms.Label passwordLabel; 24  25  private  AxHTTSLib.AxTextToSpeech speaker; 26  27  private  System.ComponentModel.Container components =  null ; 28  29  // default constructor 30  public  TextToSpeech() 31  { 32  InitializeComponent(); 33  Text-to-speech control
TextToSpeech.cs 34  // set Form to be visible to accessibility applications 35  this .IsAccessible =  true ; 36  37  // let all controls be visible to accessibility applications 38  foreach  ( Control current  in   this .Controls ) 39  current.IsAccessible =  true ; 40  } 41  42  private void  InitializeComponent() 43  { 44  this .nameLabel.AccessibleDescription =  "User Name" ; 45  this .nameLabel.AccessibleName =  "User Name" ; 46  this .nameLabel.TabIndex =  5 ; 47  this .nameLabel.MouseHover +=  48  new  System.EventHandler(  this .controls_MouseHover ); 49  50  this .phoneLabel.AccessibleDescription =  51  "Phone Number Label" ; 52  this .phoneLabel.AccessibleName =  "Phone Number Label" ; 53  this .phoneLabel.TabIndex =  6 ; 54  this .phoneLabel.MouseHover +=  55  new  System.EventHandler(  this .controls_MouseHover ); 56  57  this .nameTextBox.AccessibleDescription =  58  "Enter User Name" ; 59  this .nameTextBox.AccessibleName =  "User Name TextBox" ; 60  this .nameTextBox.TabIndex =  1 ; 61  this .nameTextBox.MouseHover +=  62  new  System.EventHandler(  this .controls_MouseHover ); 63  TabIndex  property of the control Set  AccessibleDiscription  properties of all the controls Set  AccessibleName  properties of all the controls Not visible in the Properties window during design time Loop through each control and update  IsAccessible  property to true
TextToSpeech.cs 64  this .phoneTextBox.AccessibleDescription =  65  "Enter Phone Number" ; 66  this .phoneTextBox.AccessibleName =  "Phone Number TextBox" ; 67  this .phoneTextBox.TabIndex =  2 ; 68  this .phoneTextBox.MouseHover +=  69  new  System.EventHandler(  this .controls_MouseHover ); 70  71  this .passwordTextBox.AccessibleDescription =  72  "Enter Password" ; 73  this .passwordTextBox.AccessibleName =  "Password TextBox" ; 74  this .passwordTextBox.TabIndex =  3 ; 75  this .passwordTextBox.MouseHover +=  76  new  System.EventHandler(  this .controls_MouseHover ); 77  78  this .submitButton.AccessibleDescription =  79  "Submit the Information" ; 80  this .submitButton.AccessibleName =  "Submit Information" ; 81  this .submitButton.TabIndex =  4 ; 82  this .submitButton.Text =  "&Submit" ; 83  this .submitButton.Click +=  84  new  System.EventHandler(  this .submitButton_Click ); 85  this .submitButton.MouseHover +=  86  new  System.EventHandler(  this .controls_MouseHover ); 87  88  this .passwordLabel.AccessibleDescription =  89  "Password Label" ; 90  this .passwordLabel.AccessibleName =  "Password Label" ; 91  this .passwordLabel.TabIndex =  7 ; 92  this .passwordLabel.MouseHover +=  93  new  System.EventHandler(  this .controls_MouseHover ); 94  &Submit  allows special keyboard access
TextToSpeech.cs 95  this .speaker.AccessibleDescription =  96  "Give Information about Form" ; 97  this .speaker.AccessibleName =  "Speaker" ; 98  this .speaker.TabIndex =  8 ; 99  this .speaker.TabStop =  false ; 100  101  this .AccessibleDescription =  "Registration Form" ; 102  this .AccessibleName =  "Registration Form" ;  103  } 104  105  [STAThread] 106  static void  Main()  107  { 108  Application.Run(  new  TextToSpeech() ); 109  } 110  111  // tell user over which control the mouse is 112  private void  controls_MouseHover(  113  object  sender, System.EventArgs e ) 114  { 115  // if mouse is over a Label, tell user to enter information 116  if  ( sender.GetType() == nameLabel.GetType() ) 117  { 118  Label temporary = ( Label) sender; 119  speaker.Speak(  "Please enter your "  + temporary.Text + 120  " in the textbox to the right"  ); 121  } 122  This method to determine type of control Casts  sender  to a  Label  and assign to  Label   temporary A reference to control that triggered the event Provide  string  to be converted to speech Determine which type matches the label Method  GetType  returns instance of class  Type
TextToSpeech.cs 123  // if mouse is over a TextBox, tell user what  124  // information was entered 125  else if  ( sender.GetType() == nameTextBox.GetType() ) 126  { 127  TextBox temporary = ( TextBox ) sender; 128  speaker.Speak(  "You have entered "  +  129  ( temporary.Text ==  ""  ?  "nothing"  :  130  temporary.Text ) +  " in the "  + temporary.Name ); 131  } 132  133  // otherwise, user is over Button, so tell user to click 134  // it to submit the information 135  else 136  speaker.Speak(  137  "Click on this button to submit your information"  ); 138  139  }  // end method controls_MouseHover 140  141  // thank user for information submission 142  private void  submitButton_Click(  143  object  sender, System.EventArgs e ) 144  { 145  speaker.Speak(  146  "Thank you, your information has been submitted."  ); 147  148  Application.Exit(); 149  } 150  151  }  // end class TextToSpeech When the type is neither a  Label  nor a  TexBox Notify the user
TextToSpeech.cs  Program Output
24.8 Accessibility in XHTML Tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
withoutheaders.html 1  <?xml version =  &quot;1.0&quot; ?> 2  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC  &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN&quot; 3  &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd&quot; > 4  5  <!-- Fig. 24.14: withoutheaders.html  --> 6  <!-- Table without headers  --> 7  8  <html xmlns =  &quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot; > 9  <head> 10  <title> XHTML Table Without Headers </title> 11  12  <style type =  &quot;text/css&quot; > 13  body { background-color:   #ccffaa ;  14  text-align:   center  } 15  </style> 16  </head> 17  18  <body> 19  20  <p> Price of Fruit </p> 21  22  <table border =  &quot;1&quot;   width =  &quot;50%&quot; > 23  24  <tr> 25  <td> Fruit </td> 26  <td> Price </td> 27  </tr> 28  29  <tr> 30  <td> Apple </td> 31  <td> $0.25 </td> 32  </tr> 33
withoutheaders.html  Program Output 34  <tr> 35  <td> Orange </td> 36  <td> $0.50 </td> 37  </tr> 38  39  <tr> 40  <td> Banana </td> 41  <td> $1.00 </td> 42  </tr> 43  44  <tr> 45  <td> Pineapple </td> 46  <td> $2.00 </td> 47  </tr> 48  49  </table> 50  51  </body> 52  </html>
withheaders.html 1  <?xml version =  &quot;1.0&quot; ?> 2  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC  &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN&quot; 3  &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd&quot; > 4  5  <!-- Fig. 24.15: withheaders.html  --> 6  <!-- Table with headers  --> 7  8  <html xmlns =  &quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot; > 9  <head> 10  <title> XHTML Table With Headers </title> 11  12  <style type =  &quot;text/css&quot; > 13  body  {  background-color:  #ccffaa ; 14  text-align:   center   } 15  </style> 16  </head> 17  18  <body> 19  20  <!-- This table uses the id and headers attributes to  --> 21  <!-- ensure readability by text-based browsers. It also  --> 22  <!-- uses a summary attribute, used by screen readers to  --> 23  <!-- describe the table.  --> 24  25  <table width =  &quot;50%&quot;   border =  &quot;1&quot;   26  summary =  &quot;This table uses th elements and id and  27  headers attributes to make the table readable  28  by screen readers&quot; > 29  30  <caption><strong> Price of Fruit </strong></caption> 31  32  <tr> 33  <th id =  &quot;fruit&quot; > Fruit </th> 34  <th id =  &quot;price&quot; > Price </th> 35  </tr> Provide summary content for screen reader
withheaders.html 36  37  <tr> 38  <td headers =  &quot;fruit&quot; > Apple </td> 39  <td headers =   &quot;price&quot; > $0.25 </td> 40  </tr> 41  42  <tr> 43  <td headers =  &quot;fruit&quot; > Orange </td> 44  <td headers =  &quot;price&quot; > $0.50 </td> 45  </tr> 46  47  <tr> 48  <td headers =   &quot;fruit&quot; > Banana </td> 49  <td headers =  &quot;price&quot; > $1.00 </td> 50  </tr> 51  52  <tr> 53  <td headers =   &quot;fruit&quot; > Pineapple </td> 54  <td headers =   &quot;price&quot; > $2.00 </td> 55  </tr> 56  57  </table> 58  59  </body> 60  </html> Every cell in the table is preceded by its corresponding header
withheaders.html  Program Output
24.9 Accessibility in XHTML Frames ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.10 Accessibility in XML  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.11 Using Voice Synthesis and Recognition with VoiceXML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
main.vxml 1  <?xml version =  &quot;1.0&quot; ?> 2  <vxml version =  &quot;1.0&quot; > 3  4  <!-- Fig. 24.16: main.vxml --> 5  <!-- Voice page  --> 6  7  <link next =  &quot;#home&quot; > 8  <grammar> home </grammar> 9  </link> 10  11  <link next =  &quot;#end&quot; > 12  <grammar> exit </grammar> 13  </link> 14  15  <var name =  &quot;currentOption&quot;  expr =  &quot;'home'&quot; /> 16  17  <form> 18  <block> 19  <emp> Welcome </emp>  to the voice page of Deitel and   20  Associates. To exit any time say exit.  21  To go to the home page any time say home. 22  </block> 23  24  <subdialog src =  &quot;#home&quot; /> 25  </form> 26  27  <menu id =  &quot;home&quot; > 28  <prompt count =  &quot;1&quot;  timeout =  &quot;10s&quot; >  29  You have just entered the Deitel home page.   30  Please make a selection by speaking one of the  31  following options: 32  <break msecs =  &quot;1000&quot;  /> 33  <enumerate/> 34  </prompt> 35  form  element presents information to the user and get data menu  element provides the list options and transfer control Create active link to homepage Specifies URL the browser is directed to Element  grammar  marks the text user must speak to select the link Link to  id end  when user speak  exit block  can only exit within  form  element Signal text should be spoken with emphasis Instruct user to make selection Maintain record of the number of times that a prompt is spoken
main.vxml 36  <prompt count =  &quot;2&quot; > 37  Please say one of the following. 38  <break msecs =  &quot;1000&quot;  /> 39  <enumerate/> 40  </prompt> 41  42  <choice next =  &quot;#about&quot; > About us </choice> 43  <choice next =  &quot;#directions&quot; > Driving directions </choice> 44  <choice next =  &quot;publications.vxml&quot; > Publications </choice> 45  </menu> 46  47  <form id =  &quot;about&quot; > 48  <block> 49  About Deitel and Associates, Inc. 50  Deitel and Associates, Inc. is an internationally  51  recognized corporate training and publishing  52  organization, specializing in programming languages, 53  Internet and World Wide Web technology and object  54  technology education. Deitel and Associates, Inc. is a  55  member of the World Wide Web Consortium. The company 56  provides courses on Java, C++, Visual Basic, C, Internet 57  and World Wide Web programming and Object Technology.  58  <assign name =  &quot;currentOption&quot;  expr =  &quot;'about'&quot; /> 59  <goto next =  &quot;#repeat&quot; /> 60  </block> 61  </form> 62  Prompt remind user to make a selection
main.vxml 63  <form id =  &quot;directions&quot; > 64  <block> 65  Directions to Deitel and Associates, Inc. 66  We are located on Route 20 in Sudbury,  67  Massachusetts, equidistant from route  68  <sayas class = &quot;digits&quot;> 128 </sayas>  and route   69  <sayas class = &quot;digits&quot;> 495 </sayas>. 70  <assign name =  &quot;currentOption&quot;  expr =  &quot;'directions'&quot; /> 71  <goto next =  &quot;#repeat&quot; /> 72  </block> 73  </form> 74  75  <form id =  &quot;repeat&quot; > 76  <field name =  &quot;confirm&quot;  type =  &quot;boolean&quot; > 77  <prompt> 78  To repeat say yes. To go back to home, say no. 79  </prompt> 80  81  <filled> 82  <if cond =  &quot;confirm == true&quot; > 83  <goto expr =  &quot;'#' + currentOption&quot; /> 84  <else/> 85  <goto next =  &quot;#home&quot; /> 86  </if> 87  </filled> 88  89  </field> 90  </form>  91  92  <form id =  &quot;end&quot; > 93  <block> 94  Thank you for visiting Deitel and Associates voice page. 95  Have a nice day. 96  <exit/> 97  </block> 98  </form>
main.vxml 99  100  </vxml> 101  <?xml version =  &quot;1.0&quot; ?> 101  <?xml version =  &quot;1.0&quot; ?>  102  <vxml version =  &quot;1.0&quot; > 103  104  <!-- Fig. 24.17: publications.vxml  --> 105  <!-- Voice page for various publications --> 106  107  <link next =  &quot;main.vxml#home&quot; > 108  <grammar> home </grammar> 109  </link> 110  111  <link next =  &quot;main.vxml#end&quot; > 112  <grammar> exit </grammar> 113  </link> 114  115  <link next =  &quot;#publication&quot; > 116  <grammar> menu </grammar> 117  </link> 118  119  <var name =  &quot;currentOption&quot;  expr =  &quot;'home'&quot; /> 120  121  <menu id =  &quot;publication&quot; > 122  123  <prompt count =  &quot;1&quot;  timeout =  &quot;12s&quot; >  124  Following are some of our publications. For more  125  information visit our web page at www.deitel.com.  126  To repeat the following menu, say menu at any time. 127  Please select by saying one of the following books: 128  <break msecs =  &quot;1000&quot;  /> 129  <enumerate/> 130  </prompt> 131  Provide links to the  menu  element which prompt user to select publication Define  link  elements that provide links to  main.vxml
main.vxml 132  <prompt count =  &quot;2&quot; > 133  Please select from the following books. 134  <break msecs =  &quot;1000&quot;  /> 135  <enumerate/> 136  </prompt> 137  138  <choice next =  &quot;#java&quot; > Java. </choice> 139  <choice next =  &quot;#c&quot; > C. </choice> 140  <choice next =  &quot;#cplus&quot; > C plus plus. </choice> 141  </menu> 142  143  <form id =  &quot;java&quot; > 144  <block> 145  Java How to program, third edition. 146  The complete, authoritative introduction to Java.  147  Java is revolutionizing software development with  148  multimedia-intensive, platform-independent,  149  object-oriented code for conventional, Internet,  150  Intranet and Extranet-based applets and applications.  151  This Third Edition of the world's most widely used  152  university-level Java textbook carefully explains  153  Java's extraordinary capabilities.  154  <assign name =  &quot;currentOption&quot;  expr =  &quot;'java'&quot; /> 155  <goto next =  &quot;#repeat&quot; /> 156  </block> 157  </form> 158  Describe the book according to topic
main.vxml 159  <form id =  &quot;c&quot; > 160  <block> 161  C How to Program, third edition. 162  This is the long-awaited, thorough revision to the  163  world's best-selling introductory C book! The book's  164  powerful &quot;teach by example&quot; approach is based on 165  more than 10,000 lines of live code, thoroughly  166  explained and illustrated with screen captures showing  167  detailed output.World-renowned corporate trainers and  168  best-selling authors Harvey and Paul Deitel offer the  169  most comprehensive, practical introduction to C ever  170  published with hundreds of hands-on exercises, more  171  than 250 complete programs written and documented for  172  easy learning, and exceptional insight into good  173  programming practices, maximizing performance, avoiding  174  errors, debugging, and testing. New features include  175  thorough introductions to C++, Java, and object-oriented  176  programming that build directly on the C skills taught  177  in this book; coverage of graphical user interface  178  development and C library functions; and many new,  179  substantial hands-on projects.For anyone who wants to  180  learn C, improve their existing C skills, and understand  181  how C serves as the foundation for C++, Java, and  182  object-oriented development.  183  <assign name =  &quot;currentOption&quot;  expr =  &quot;'c'&quot; /> 184  <goto next =  &quot;#repeat&quot; /> 185  </block> 186  </form> 187
main.vxml 188  <form id =  &quot;cplus&quot; > 189  <block> 190  The C++ how to program, second edition. 191  With nearly 250,000 sold, Harvey and Paul Deitel's C++  192  How to Program is the world's best-selling introduction 193  to C++ programming. Now, this classic has been thoroughly  194  updated! The new, full-color Third Edition has been  195  completely revised to reflect the ANSI C++ standard, add  196  powerful new coverage of object analysis and design with  197  UML, and give beginning C++ developers even better live  198  code examples and real-world projects. The Deitels' C++  199  How to Program is the most comprehensive, practical  200  introduction to C++ ever published with hundreds of  201  hands-on exercises, roughly 250 complete programs written  202  and documented for easy learning, and exceptional insight  203  into good programming practices, maximizing performance,  204  avoiding errors, debugging, and testing. This new Third  205  Edition covers every key concept and technique ANSI C++  206  developers need to master: control structures, functions,  207  arrays, pointers and strings, classes and data  208  abstraction, operator overloading, inheritance, virtual  209  functions, polymorphism, I/O, templates, exception  210  handling, file processing, data structures, and more. It  211  also includes a detailed introduction to Standard  212  Template Library containers, container adapters,  213  algorithms, and iterators.  214  <assign name =  &quot;currentOption&quot;  expr =  &quot;'cplus'&quot; /> 215  <goto next =  &quot;#repeat&quot; /> 216  </block> 217  </form> 218
main.vxml 219  <form id =  &quot;repeat&quot; > 220  <field name =  &quot;confirm&quot;  type =  &quot;boolean&quot; > 221  222  <prompt> 223  To repeat say yes. Say no, to go back to home. 224  </prompt> 225  226  <filled> 227  <if cond =  &quot;confirm == true&quot; > 228  <goto expr =  &quot;'#' + currentOption&quot; /> 229  <else/> 230  <goto next =  &quot;#publication&quot; /> 231  </if> 232  </filled> 233  </field> 234  </form>  235  </vxml> Prompt the user if they want to repeat
main.vxml  Program Output Computer speaks: Welcome to the voice page of Deitel and Associates. To exit any time say exit. To go to the home page any time say home. User speaks: Home Computer speaks: You have just entered the Deitel home page. Please make a selection by speaking one of the following options: About us, Driving directions, Publications. User speaks: Driving directions Computer speaks: Directions to Deitel and Associates, Inc. We are located on Route 20 in Sudbury, Massachusetts, equidistant from route 128 and route 495. To repeat say yes. To go back to home, say no.
24.11  Using Voice Synthesizers and Recognition with VoiceXML ™
24.12 CallML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
hello.xml  Program Output 1  <?xml version =   &quot;1.0&quot;   encoding =   &quot;UTF-8&quot; ?> 2  3  <!-- Fig. 24.19: hello.xml  --> 4  <!-- The classic Hello World example --> 5  6  <callxml> 7    <text> Hello World. </text> 8  </callxml> Declare that content is a  CallXML  document Text to be spoken Logging feature of the  Voxeo   Account Manager
isbn.xml 1  <?xml version   =   &quot;1.0&quot;   encoding =   &quot;UTF-8&quot; ?> 2  3  <!-- Fig. 24.20: isbn.xml  --> 4  <!-- Reads the ISBN value of three Deitel books --> 5  6  <callxml> 7  <block> 8  <text> 9  Welcome. To obtain the ISBN of the Internet and World 10  Wide Web How to Program: Second Edition, please enter 1.  11  To obtain the ISBN of the XML How to Program, 12  please enter 2. To obtain the ISBN of the Java How 13  to Program: Fourth Edition, please enter 3. To exit the 14  application, please enter 4. 15  </text> 16  17  <!-- Obtains the numeric value entered by the user and --> 18  <!-- stores it in the variable ISBN. The user has 60  --> 19  <!-- seconds to enter one numeric value  --> 20  <getDigits var =   &quot;ISBN&quot; 21  maxDigits =   &quot;1&quot; 22  termDigits =   &quot;1234&quot; 23  maxTime =   &quot;60s&quot;   /> 24  25  <!-- Requests that the user enter a valid numeric --> 26  <!-- value after the elapsed time of 60 seconds  --> 27  <onMaxSilence> 28  <text> 29  Please enter either 1, 2, 3 or 4. 30  </text> 31  Encapsulates other CallXML getDigits  element obtain user’s touch-tone response Indicate maximum number of digits the application accept Contain list of characters that terminate user input Maximum amount of time allowed Invoked when attribute  maxTime  or  maxSilence  expires Ask user to enter a value
isbn.xml 32  <getDigits var =   &quot;ISBN&quot; 33  termDigits =   &quot;1234&quot;  34  maxDigits =   &quot;1&quot; 35  maxTime =   &quot;60s&quot;   /> 36  37  </onMaxSilence> 38  39  <onTermDigit value =   &quot;1&quot; > 40  <text> 41  The ISBN for the Internet book is 0130308978. 42  Thank you for calling our CallXML application. 43  Good-bye. 44  </text> 45  </onTermDigit> 46  47  <onTermDigit value =   &quot;2&quot; > 48  <text> 49  The ISBN for the XML book is 0130284173. 50  Thank you for calling our CallXML application. 51  Good-bye. 52  </text> 53  </onTermDigit> 54  55  <onTermDigit value =   &quot;3&quot; > 56  <text> 57  The ISBN for the Java book is 0130341517. 58  Thank you for calling our CallXML application. 59  Good-bye. 60  </text> 61  </onTermDigit> 62  Event handler notify application of appropriate action to perform
isbn.xml  Program Output 63  <onTermDigit value =   &quot;4&quot; > 64  <text> 65  Thank you for calling our CallXML application. 66  Good-bye. 67  </text> 68  </onTermDigit> 69  </block> 70  71  <!-- Event handler that terminates the call --> 72  <onHangup /> 73  </callxml> Terminate the telephone call when the user hangs up Display the “conversation” between application and user
24.12 CallXML™
24.13 JAWS for Windows ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.14 Other Accessibility Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
24.15 Accessibility in Microsoft Windows 2000 ,[object Object]
24.15  Accessibility in Windows 2000 Fig. 24.22 Display Settings  dialog.
24.15  Accessibility in Windows 2000 Fig. 24.23 Accessibility Wizard  initialization options.
24.15.1  Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 24.24 Scroll Bar and Window Border Size dialog.
24.15.1  Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 24.25 Adjusting up window element sizes.
24.15.1  Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 24.26 Display Color Settings  options.
24.15.1  Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 24.27   Accessibility Wizard  mouse cursor adjustment tool.
24.15.2  Tools for People with Hearing Impairments Fig. 24.28 SoundSentry  dialog.
24.15.2  Tools for People with Hearing Impairments Fig. 24.29 ShowSounds  dialog.
24.15.3  Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.30 StickyKeys  window.
24.15.3  Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.31 BounceKeys  dialog.
24.15.3  Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.32 ToggleKeys  window.
24.15.3  Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.33 Extra Keyboard Help  dialog.
24.15.3  Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.34 MouseKeys  window.
24.15.3  Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.35 Mouse Button Settings  window.
24.15.3  Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.36 Mouse Speed  dialog.
24.15.3  Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.37 Set Automatic Timeouts  dialog.
24.15.3  Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.38 Saving new accessibility settings.
24.15.4  Microsoft Narrator Fig. 24.39 Narrator  window.
24.15.4  Microsoft Narrator Fig. 24.40 Voice settings window.
24.15.4  Microsoft Narrator Fig. 24.41 Narrator  reading  Notepad  text.
24.15.4  Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard Fig. 24.42 Microsoft  On-Screen Keyboard .
24.15.6  Accessibility Features on Internet Explorer 5.5 Fig. 24.43 Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5’s accessibility options.
24.15.6  Accessibility Features on Internet Explorer 5.5 Fig. 24.44 Advanced accessibility settings in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5.

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Chapter 24 - Guide to Improving Website and Application Accessibility

  • 1. Chapter 24 – Accessibility Outline 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Regulations and Resources 24.3 Web Accessibility Initiative 24.4 Providing Alternatives for Images 24.5 Maximizing Readability by Focusing on Structure 24.6 Accessibility in Visual Studio .NET 24.6.1 Enlarging Toolbar Icons 24.6.2 Enlarging the Text 24.6.3 Modifying the Toolbox 24.6.4 Modifying the Keyboard 24.6.5 Rearranging Windows 24.7 Accessibility in C# 24.8 Accessibility in XHTML Tables
  • 2. Chapter 24 – Accessibility Outline 24.9 Accessibility in XHTML Frames 24.10 Accessibility in XML 24.11 Using Voice Synthesis and Recognition with VoiceXML™ 24.12 CallXML™ 24.13 JAWS® for Windows 24.14 Other Accessibility Tools 24.15 Accessibility in Microsoft® Windows® 2000 24.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments 24.15.2 Tools for People with Hearing Impairments 24.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard 24.15.4 Microsoft Narrator 24.15.5 Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard 24.15.6 Accessibility Features in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 24.16 Internet and World Wide Web Resources
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. 24.2 Regulations and Resources
  • 6. 24.2 Regulations and Resources Fig. 24.2 We Media’s home page. (Courtesy of WeMedia, Inc.)
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. 24.6.1 Enlarging Toolbar Icons Fig. 24.3 Enlarging icons using the Customize feature.
  • 12. 24.6.1 Enlarging Toolbar Icons Fig. 24.4 Enlarged icons in the development window.
  • 13. 24.6.2 Enlarging the Text Fig. 24.5 Text Editor before modifying the font size.
  • 14. 24.6.2 Enlarging the Text Fig. 24.6 Enlarging text in the Options window.
  • 15. 24.6.2 Enlarging the Text Fig. 24.7 Text Editor after the font size is modified.
  • 16. 24.6.3 Modifying the Toolbox Fig. 24.8 Adding tabs to the Toolbox .
  • 17. 24.6.4 Modifying the Keyboard Fig. 24.9 Shortcut key creation. operation selection application to apply shortcuts mapping scheme key designation
  • 18. 24.6.5 Rearranging Windows Fig. 24.10 Removing tabs from Visual Studio environment.
  • 19. 24.6.5 Rearranging Windows Fig. 24.11 Console windows with tabs and without tabs. no tabs tabs
  • 20.
  • 22. TextToSpeech.cs 1 // Fig. 24.13: TextToSpeech.cs 2 // Providing audio for people with visual impairments. 3 4 using System; 5 using System.Drawing; 6 using System.Collections; 7 using System.ComponentModel; 8 using System.Windows.Forms; 9 using System.Data; 10 11 // helps users navigate a form with aid of audio cues 12 public class TextToSpeech : System.Windows.Forms.Form 13 { 14 private System.Windows.Forms.Label nameLabel; 15 private System.Windows.Forms.Label phoneLabel; 16 17 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox nameTextBox; 18 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox phoneTextBox; 19 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox passwordTextBox; 20 21 private System.Windows.Forms.Button submitButton; 22 23 private System.Windows.Forms.Label passwordLabel; 24 25 private AxHTTSLib.AxTextToSpeech speaker; 26 27 private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ; 28 29 // default constructor 30 public TextToSpeech() 31 { 32 InitializeComponent(); 33 Text-to-speech control
  • 23. TextToSpeech.cs 34 // set Form to be visible to accessibility applications 35 this .IsAccessible = true ; 36 37 // let all controls be visible to accessibility applications 38 foreach ( Control current in this .Controls ) 39 current.IsAccessible = true ; 40 } 41 42 private void InitializeComponent() 43 { 44 this .nameLabel.AccessibleDescription = &quot;User Name&quot; ; 45 this .nameLabel.AccessibleName = &quot;User Name&quot; ; 46 this .nameLabel.TabIndex = 5 ; 47 this .nameLabel.MouseHover += 48 new System.EventHandler( this .controls_MouseHover ); 49 50 this .phoneLabel.AccessibleDescription = 51 &quot;Phone Number Label&quot; ; 52 this .phoneLabel.AccessibleName = &quot;Phone Number Label&quot; ; 53 this .phoneLabel.TabIndex = 6 ; 54 this .phoneLabel.MouseHover += 55 new System.EventHandler( this .controls_MouseHover ); 56 57 this .nameTextBox.AccessibleDescription = 58 &quot;Enter User Name&quot; ; 59 this .nameTextBox.AccessibleName = &quot;User Name TextBox&quot; ; 60 this .nameTextBox.TabIndex = 1 ; 61 this .nameTextBox.MouseHover += 62 new System.EventHandler( this .controls_MouseHover ); 63 TabIndex property of the control Set AccessibleDiscription properties of all the controls Set AccessibleName properties of all the controls Not visible in the Properties window during design time Loop through each control and update IsAccessible property to true
  • 24. TextToSpeech.cs 64 this .phoneTextBox.AccessibleDescription = 65 &quot;Enter Phone Number&quot; ; 66 this .phoneTextBox.AccessibleName = &quot;Phone Number TextBox&quot; ; 67 this .phoneTextBox.TabIndex = 2 ; 68 this .phoneTextBox.MouseHover += 69 new System.EventHandler( this .controls_MouseHover ); 70 71 this .passwordTextBox.AccessibleDescription = 72 &quot;Enter Password&quot; ; 73 this .passwordTextBox.AccessibleName = &quot;Password TextBox&quot; ; 74 this .passwordTextBox.TabIndex = 3 ; 75 this .passwordTextBox.MouseHover += 76 new System.EventHandler( this .controls_MouseHover ); 77 78 this .submitButton.AccessibleDescription = 79 &quot;Submit the Information&quot; ; 80 this .submitButton.AccessibleName = &quot;Submit Information&quot; ; 81 this .submitButton.TabIndex = 4 ; 82 this .submitButton.Text = &quot;&Submit&quot; ; 83 this .submitButton.Click += 84 new System.EventHandler( this .submitButton_Click ); 85 this .submitButton.MouseHover += 86 new System.EventHandler( this .controls_MouseHover ); 87 88 this .passwordLabel.AccessibleDescription = 89 &quot;Password Label&quot; ; 90 this .passwordLabel.AccessibleName = &quot;Password Label&quot; ; 91 this .passwordLabel.TabIndex = 7 ; 92 this .passwordLabel.MouseHover += 93 new System.EventHandler( this .controls_MouseHover ); 94 &Submit allows special keyboard access
  • 25. TextToSpeech.cs 95 this .speaker.AccessibleDescription = 96 &quot;Give Information about Form&quot; ; 97 this .speaker.AccessibleName = &quot;Speaker&quot; ; 98 this .speaker.TabIndex = 8 ; 99 this .speaker.TabStop = false ; 100 101 this .AccessibleDescription = &quot;Registration Form&quot; ; 102 this .AccessibleName = &quot;Registration Form&quot; ; 103 } 104 105 [STAThread] 106 static void Main() 107 { 108 Application.Run( new TextToSpeech() ); 109 } 110 111 // tell user over which control the mouse is 112 private void controls_MouseHover( 113 object sender, System.EventArgs e ) 114 { 115 // if mouse is over a Label, tell user to enter information 116 if ( sender.GetType() == nameLabel.GetType() ) 117 { 118 Label temporary = ( Label) sender; 119 speaker.Speak( &quot;Please enter your &quot; + temporary.Text + 120 &quot; in the textbox to the right&quot; ); 121 } 122 This method to determine type of control Casts sender to a Label and assign to Label temporary A reference to control that triggered the event Provide string to be converted to speech Determine which type matches the label Method GetType returns instance of class Type
  • 26. TextToSpeech.cs 123 // if mouse is over a TextBox, tell user what 124 // information was entered 125 else if ( sender.GetType() == nameTextBox.GetType() ) 126 { 127 TextBox temporary = ( TextBox ) sender; 128 speaker.Speak( &quot;You have entered &quot; + 129 ( temporary.Text == &quot;&quot; ? &quot;nothing&quot; : 130 temporary.Text ) + &quot; in the &quot; + temporary.Name ); 131 } 132 133 // otherwise, user is over Button, so tell user to click 134 // it to submit the information 135 else 136 speaker.Speak( 137 &quot;Click on this button to submit your information&quot; ); 138 139 } // end method controls_MouseHover 140 141 // thank user for information submission 142 private void submitButton_Click( 143 object sender, System.EventArgs e ) 144 { 145 speaker.Speak( 146 &quot;Thank you, your information has been submitted.&quot; ); 147 148 Application.Exit(); 149 } 150 151 } // end class TextToSpeech When the type is neither a Label nor a TexBox Notify the user
  • 28.
  • 29. withoutheaders.html 1 <?xml version = &quot;1.0&quot; ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN&quot; 3 &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd&quot; > 4 5 <!-- Fig. 24.14: withoutheaders.html --> 6 <!-- Table without headers --> 7 8 <html xmlns = &quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot; > 9 <head> 10 <title> XHTML Table Without Headers </title> 11 12 <style type = &quot;text/css&quot; > 13 body { background-color: #ccffaa ; 14 text-align: center } 15 </style> 16 </head> 17 18 <body> 19 20 <p> Price of Fruit </p> 21 22 <table border = &quot;1&quot; width = &quot;50%&quot; > 23 24 <tr> 25 <td> Fruit </td> 26 <td> Price </td> 27 </tr> 28 29 <tr> 30 <td> Apple </td> 31 <td> $0.25 </td> 32 </tr> 33
  • 30. withoutheaders.html Program Output 34 <tr> 35 <td> Orange </td> 36 <td> $0.50 </td> 37 </tr> 38 39 <tr> 40 <td> Banana </td> 41 <td> $1.00 </td> 42 </tr> 43 44 <tr> 45 <td> Pineapple </td> 46 <td> $2.00 </td> 47 </tr> 48 49 </table> 50 51 </body> 52 </html>
  • 31. withheaders.html 1 <?xml version = &quot;1.0&quot; ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN&quot; 3 &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd&quot; > 4 5 <!-- Fig. 24.15: withheaders.html --> 6 <!-- Table with headers --> 7 8 <html xmlns = &quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot; > 9 <head> 10 <title> XHTML Table With Headers </title> 11 12 <style type = &quot;text/css&quot; > 13 body { background-color: #ccffaa ; 14 text-align: center } 15 </style> 16 </head> 17 18 <body> 19 20 <!-- This table uses the id and headers attributes to --> 21 <!-- ensure readability by text-based browsers. It also --> 22 <!-- uses a summary attribute, used by screen readers to --> 23 <!-- describe the table. --> 24 25 <table width = &quot;50%&quot; border = &quot;1&quot; 26 summary = &quot;This table uses th elements and id and 27 headers attributes to make the table readable 28 by screen readers&quot; > 29 30 <caption><strong> Price of Fruit </strong></caption> 31 32 <tr> 33 <th id = &quot;fruit&quot; > Fruit </th> 34 <th id = &quot;price&quot; > Price </th> 35 </tr> Provide summary content for screen reader
  • 32. withheaders.html 36 37 <tr> 38 <td headers = &quot;fruit&quot; > Apple </td> 39 <td headers = &quot;price&quot; > $0.25 </td> 40 </tr> 41 42 <tr> 43 <td headers = &quot;fruit&quot; > Orange </td> 44 <td headers = &quot;price&quot; > $0.50 </td> 45 </tr> 46 47 <tr> 48 <td headers = &quot;fruit&quot; > Banana </td> 49 <td headers = &quot;price&quot; > $1.00 </td> 50 </tr> 51 52 <tr> 53 <td headers = &quot;fruit&quot; > Pineapple </td> 54 <td headers = &quot;price&quot; > $2.00 </td> 55 </tr> 56 57 </table> 58 59 </body> 60 </html> Every cell in the table is preceded by its corresponding header
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. main.vxml 1 <?xml version = &quot;1.0&quot; ?> 2 <vxml version = &quot;1.0&quot; > 3 4 <!-- Fig. 24.16: main.vxml --> 5 <!-- Voice page --> 6 7 <link next = &quot;#home&quot; > 8 <grammar> home </grammar> 9 </link> 10 11 <link next = &quot;#end&quot; > 12 <grammar> exit </grammar> 13 </link> 14 15 <var name = &quot;currentOption&quot; expr = &quot;'home'&quot; /> 16 17 <form> 18 <block> 19 <emp> Welcome </emp> to the voice page of Deitel and 20 Associates. To exit any time say exit. 21 To go to the home page any time say home. 22 </block> 23 24 <subdialog src = &quot;#home&quot; /> 25 </form> 26 27 <menu id = &quot;home&quot; > 28 <prompt count = &quot;1&quot; timeout = &quot;10s&quot; > 29 You have just entered the Deitel home page. 30 Please make a selection by speaking one of the 31 following options: 32 <break msecs = &quot;1000&quot; /> 33 <enumerate/> 34 </prompt> 35 form element presents information to the user and get data menu element provides the list options and transfer control Create active link to homepage Specifies URL the browser is directed to Element grammar marks the text user must speak to select the link Link to id end when user speak exit block can only exit within form element Signal text should be spoken with emphasis Instruct user to make selection Maintain record of the number of times that a prompt is spoken
  • 38. main.vxml 36 <prompt count = &quot;2&quot; > 37 Please say one of the following. 38 <break msecs = &quot;1000&quot; /> 39 <enumerate/> 40 </prompt> 41 42 <choice next = &quot;#about&quot; > About us </choice> 43 <choice next = &quot;#directions&quot; > Driving directions </choice> 44 <choice next = &quot;publications.vxml&quot; > Publications </choice> 45 </menu> 46 47 <form id = &quot;about&quot; > 48 <block> 49 About Deitel and Associates, Inc. 50 Deitel and Associates, Inc. is an internationally 51 recognized corporate training and publishing 52 organization, specializing in programming languages, 53 Internet and World Wide Web technology and object 54 technology education. Deitel and Associates, Inc. is a 55 member of the World Wide Web Consortium. The company 56 provides courses on Java, C++, Visual Basic, C, Internet 57 and World Wide Web programming and Object Technology. 58 <assign name = &quot;currentOption&quot; expr = &quot;'about'&quot; /> 59 <goto next = &quot;#repeat&quot; /> 60 </block> 61 </form> 62 Prompt remind user to make a selection
  • 39. main.vxml 63 <form id = &quot;directions&quot; > 64 <block> 65 Directions to Deitel and Associates, Inc. 66 We are located on Route 20 in Sudbury, 67 Massachusetts, equidistant from route 68 <sayas class = &quot;digits&quot;> 128 </sayas> and route 69 <sayas class = &quot;digits&quot;> 495 </sayas>. 70 <assign name = &quot;currentOption&quot; expr = &quot;'directions'&quot; /> 71 <goto next = &quot;#repeat&quot; /> 72 </block> 73 </form> 74 75 <form id = &quot;repeat&quot; > 76 <field name = &quot;confirm&quot; type = &quot;boolean&quot; > 77 <prompt> 78 To repeat say yes. To go back to home, say no. 79 </prompt> 80 81 <filled> 82 <if cond = &quot;confirm == true&quot; > 83 <goto expr = &quot;'#' + currentOption&quot; /> 84 <else/> 85 <goto next = &quot;#home&quot; /> 86 </if> 87 </filled> 88 89 </field> 90 </form> 91 92 <form id = &quot;end&quot; > 93 <block> 94 Thank you for visiting Deitel and Associates voice page. 95 Have a nice day. 96 <exit/> 97 </block> 98 </form>
  • 40. main.vxml 99 100 </vxml> 101 <?xml version = &quot;1.0&quot; ?> 101 <?xml version = &quot;1.0&quot; ?> 102 <vxml version = &quot;1.0&quot; > 103 104 <!-- Fig. 24.17: publications.vxml --> 105 <!-- Voice page for various publications --> 106 107 <link next = &quot;main.vxml#home&quot; > 108 <grammar> home </grammar> 109 </link> 110 111 <link next = &quot;main.vxml#end&quot; > 112 <grammar> exit </grammar> 113 </link> 114 115 <link next = &quot;#publication&quot; > 116 <grammar> menu </grammar> 117 </link> 118 119 <var name = &quot;currentOption&quot; expr = &quot;'home'&quot; /> 120 121 <menu id = &quot;publication&quot; > 122 123 <prompt count = &quot;1&quot; timeout = &quot;12s&quot; > 124 Following are some of our publications. For more 125 information visit our web page at www.deitel.com. 126 To repeat the following menu, say menu at any time. 127 Please select by saying one of the following books: 128 <break msecs = &quot;1000&quot; /> 129 <enumerate/> 130 </prompt> 131 Provide links to the menu element which prompt user to select publication Define link elements that provide links to main.vxml
  • 41. main.vxml 132 <prompt count = &quot;2&quot; > 133 Please select from the following books. 134 <break msecs = &quot;1000&quot; /> 135 <enumerate/> 136 </prompt> 137 138 <choice next = &quot;#java&quot; > Java. </choice> 139 <choice next = &quot;#c&quot; > C. </choice> 140 <choice next = &quot;#cplus&quot; > C plus plus. </choice> 141 </menu> 142 143 <form id = &quot;java&quot; > 144 <block> 145 Java How to program, third edition. 146 The complete, authoritative introduction to Java. 147 Java is revolutionizing software development with 148 multimedia-intensive, platform-independent, 149 object-oriented code for conventional, Internet, 150 Intranet and Extranet-based applets and applications. 151 This Third Edition of the world's most widely used 152 university-level Java textbook carefully explains 153 Java's extraordinary capabilities. 154 <assign name = &quot;currentOption&quot; expr = &quot;'java'&quot; /> 155 <goto next = &quot;#repeat&quot; /> 156 </block> 157 </form> 158 Describe the book according to topic
  • 42. main.vxml 159 <form id = &quot;c&quot; > 160 <block> 161 C How to Program, third edition. 162 This is the long-awaited, thorough revision to the 163 world's best-selling introductory C book! The book's 164 powerful &quot;teach by example&quot; approach is based on 165 more than 10,000 lines of live code, thoroughly 166 explained and illustrated with screen captures showing 167 detailed output.World-renowned corporate trainers and 168 best-selling authors Harvey and Paul Deitel offer the 169 most comprehensive, practical introduction to C ever 170 published with hundreds of hands-on exercises, more 171 than 250 complete programs written and documented for 172 easy learning, and exceptional insight into good 173 programming practices, maximizing performance, avoiding 174 errors, debugging, and testing. New features include 175 thorough introductions to C++, Java, and object-oriented 176 programming that build directly on the C skills taught 177 in this book; coverage of graphical user interface 178 development and C library functions; and many new, 179 substantial hands-on projects.For anyone who wants to 180 learn C, improve their existing C skills, and understand 181 how C serves as the foundation for C++, Java, and 182 object-oriented development. 183 <assign name = &quot;currentOption&quot; expr = &quot;'c'&quot; /> 184 <goto next = &quot;#repeat&quot; /> 185 </block> 186 </form> 187
  • 43. main.vxml 188 <form id = &quot;cplus&quot; > 189 <block> 190 The C++ how to program, second edition. 191 With nearly 250,000 sold, Harvey and Paul Deitel's C++ 192 How to Program is the world's best-selling introduction 193 to C++ programming. Now, this classic has been thoroughly 194 updated! The new, full-color Third Edition has been 195 completely revised to reflect the ANSI C++ standard, add 196 powerful new coverage of object analysis and design with 197 UML, and give beginning C++ developers even better live 198 code examples and real-world projects. The Deitels' C++ 199 How to Program is the most comprehensive, practical 200 introduction to C++ ever published with hundreds of 201 hands-on exercises, roughly 250 complete programs written 202 and documented for easy learning, and exceptional insight 203 into good programming practices, maximizing performance, 204 avoiding errors, debugging, and testing. This new Third 205 Edition covers every key concept and technique ANSI C++ 206 developers need to master: control structures, functions, 207 arrays, pointers and strings, classes and data 208 abstraction, operator overloading, inheritance, virtual 209 functions, polymorphism, I/O, templates, exception 210 handling, file processing, data structures, and more. It 211 also includes a detailed introduction to Standard 212 Template Library containers, container adapters, 213 algorithms, and iterators. 214 <assign name = &quot;currentOption&quot; expr = &quot;'cplus'&quot; /> 215 <goto next = &quot;#repeat&quot; /> 216 </block> 217 </form> 218
  • 44. main.vxml 219 <form id = &quot;repeat&quot; > 220 <field name = &quot;confirm&quot; type = &quot;boolean&quot; > 221 222 <prompt> 223 To repeat say yes. Say no, to go back to home. 224 </prompt> 225 226 <filled> 227 <if cond = &quot;confirm == true&quot; > 228 <goto expr = &quot;'#' + currentOption&quot; /> 229 <else/> 230 <goto next = &quot;#publication&quot; /> 231 </if> 232 </filled> 233 </field> 234 </form> 235 </vxml> Prompt the user if they want to repeat
  • 45. main.vxml Program Output Computer speaks: Welcome to the voice page of Deitel and Associates. To exit any time say exit. To go to the home page any time say home. User speaks: Home Computer speaks: You have just entered the Deitel home page. Please make a selection by speaking one of the following options: About us, Driving directions, Publications. User speaks: Driving directions Computer speaks: Directions to Deitel and Associates, Inc. We are located on Route 20 in Sudbury, Massachusetts, equidistant from route 128 and route 495. To repeat say yes. To go back to home, say no.
  • 46. 24.11 Using Voice Synthesizers and Recognition with VoiceXML ™
  • 47.
  • 48. hello.xml Program Output 1 <?xml version = &quot;1.0&quot; encoding = &quot;UTF-8&quot; ?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 24.19: hello.xml --> 4 <!-- The classic Hello World example --> 5 6 <callxml> 7 <text> Hello World. </text> 8 </callxml> Declare that content is a CallXML document Text to be spoken Logging feature of the Voxeo Account Manager
  • 49. isbn.xml 1 <?xml version = &quot;1.0&quot; encoding = &quot;UTF-8&quot; ?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 24.20: isbn.xml --> 4 <!-- Reads the ISBN value of three Deitel books --> 5 6 <callxml> 7 <block> 8 <text> 9 Welcome. To obtain the ISBN of the Internet and World 10 Wide Web How to Program: Second Edition, please enter 1. 11 To obtain the ISBN of the XML How to Program, 12 please enter 2. To obtain the ISBN of the Java How 13 to Program: Fourth Edition, please enter 3. To exit the 14 application, please enter 4. 15 </text> 16 17 <!-- Obtains the numeric value entered by the user and --> 18 <!-- stores it in the variable ISBN. The user has 60 --> 19 <!-- seconds to enter one numeric value --> 20 <getDigits var = &quot;ISBN&quot; 21 maxDigits = &quot;1&quot; 22 termDigits = &quot;1234&quot; 23 maxTime = &quot;60s&quot; /> 24 25 <!-- Requests that the user enter a valid numeric --> 26 <!-- value after the elapsed time of 60 seconds --> 27 <onMaxSilence> 28 <text> 29 Please enter either 1, 2, 3 or 4. 30 </text> 31 Encapsulates other CallXML getDigits element obtain user’s touch-tone response Indicate maximum number of digits the application accept Contain list of characters that terminate user input Maximum amount of time allowed Invoked when attribute maxTime or maxSilence expires Ask user to enter a value
  • 50. isbn.xml 32 <getDigits var = &quot;ISBN&quot; 33 termDigits = &quot;1234&quot; 34 maxDigits = &quot;1&quot; 35 maxTime = &quot;60s&quot; /> 36 37 </onMaxSilence> 38 39 <onTermDigit value = &quot;1&quot; > 40 <text> 41 The ISBN for the Internet book is 0130308978. 42 Thank you for calling our CallXML application. 43 Good-bye. 44 </text> 45 </onTermDigit> 46 47 <onTermDigit value = &quot;2&quot; > 48 <text> 49 The ISBN for the XML book is 0130284173. 50 Thank you for calling our CallXML application. 51 Good-bye. 52 </text> 53 </onTermDigit> 54 55 <onTermDigit value = &quot;3&quot; > 56 <text> 57 The ISBN for the Java book is 0130341517. 58 Thank you for calling our CallXML application. 59 Good-bye. 60 </text> 61 </onTermDigit> 62 Event handler notify application of appropriate action to perform
  • 51. isbn.xml Program Output 63 <onTermDigit value = &quot;4&quot; > 64 <text> 65 Thank you for calling our CallXML application. 66 Good-bye. 67 </text> 68 </onTermDigit> 69 </block> 70 71 <!-- Event handler that terminates the call --> 72 <onHangup /> 73 </callxml> Terminate the telephone call when the user hangs up Display the “conversation” between application and user
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56. 24.15 Accessibility in Windows 2000 Fig. 24.22 Display Settings dialog.
  • 57. 24.15 Accessibility in Windows 2000 Fig. 24.23 Accessibility Wizard initialization options.
  • 58. 24.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 24.24 Scroll Bar and Window Border Size dialog.
  • 59. 24.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 24.25 Adjusting up window element sizes.
  • 60. 24.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 24.26 Display Color Settings options.
  • 61. 24.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 24.27 Accessibility Wizard mouse cursor adjustment tool.
  • 62. 24.15.2 Tools for People with Hearing Impairments Fig. 24.28 SoundSentry dialog.
  • 63. 24.15.2 Tools for People with Hearing Impairments Fig. 24.29 ShowSounds dialog.
  • 64. 24.15.3 Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.30 StickyKeys window.
  • 65. 24.15.3 Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.31 BounceKeys dialog.
  • 66. 24.15.3 Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.32 ToggleKeys window.
  • 67. 24.15.3 Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.33 Extra Keyboard Help dialog.
  • 68. 24.15.3 Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.34 MouseKeys window.
  • 69. 24.15.3 Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.35 Mouse Button Settings window.
  • 70. 24.15.3 Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.36 Mouse Speed dialog.
  • 71. 24.15.3 Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.37 Set Automatic Timeouts dialog.
  • 72. 24.15.3 Tool for Users who have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 24.38 Saving new accessibility settings.
  • 73. 24.15.4 Microsoft Narrator Fig. 24.39 Narrator window.
  • 74. 24.15.4 Microsoft Narrator Fig. 24.40 Voice settings window.
  • 75. 24.15.4 Microsoft Narrator Fig. 24.41 Narrator reading Notepad text.
  • 76. 24.15.4 Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard Fig. 24.42 Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard .
  • 77. 24.15.6 Accessibility Features on Internet Explorer 5.5 Fig. 24.43 Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5’s accessibility options.
  • 78. 24.15.6 Accessibility Features on Internet Explorer 5.5 Fig. 24.44 Advanced accessibility settings in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5.