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Clean Cities 2009
            Vehicle Buyer’s Guide



            | Natural Gas
            | Propane
            | All Electric
            | Hybrid Electric
            | Ethanol
            | Biodiesel




            November 2008
Natural Gas .......................... 6
                                    Propane................................. 7
                                    Hybrid Electric .................... 8
COMPRESSED                          All Electric............................. 13
NATURAL GAS                         Ethanol .................................. 14
                                    Biodiesel ............................... 22
                                    On the Horizon ................... 24
                                    Fuel Conservation ............. 26
                                    Fuel Economy ..................... 28




    E85                                                                              HYBRID
 FLEX FUEL                                                                          ELECTRIC



                    ALL
                                                                 PROPANE
                  ELECTRIC




  2009                                                                              BIODIESEL
         Clean Cities
         Vehicle Buyer’s Guide
         Reducing the petroleum used in vehicles has
         gotten easier with the introduction of hybrid
         electric vehicles, flexible fuel vehicles, all-elec-
         trics, and CNG- and propane-powered vehicles.
         By selecting the vehicle and fuel that fit your
         needs and your location, you can help the
         United States achieve energy independence
         while you improve your own bottom line.
Introduction




        Energy security is more critical than ever.

        The year 2008 saw fluctuating oil prices reach $140/barrel
        for the first time, driving home the economic impact and
        danger of our dependence on foreign oil. The good news
        is the expanding availability of advanced, efficient vehicles
        and cleaner domestic fuels, which support America’s
        energy independence.
        Alternative fuels and advanced vehicles, such as flexible fuel
        vehicles (FFVs), hybrids, electric vehicles, and others that can
        run on natural gas or propane, are available in the market-
        place. You can choose a vehicle that sips rather than guzzles
        gas or one that uses a cleaner, domestically produced fuel
        without sacrificing performance.

        Clean fuels and efficient vehicles are available today.
        Consumers have more choices than ever. This year’s Buyer’s
        Guide includes 12 more FFVs, two new hybrids, and more
        diesel vehicles that run on biodiesel blends. This guide also
        provides a peek into the exciting future of plug-in hybrids,
        all-electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Some of
        these advanced technology vehicles will hit showrooms soon.
        As automakers produce more efficient vehicles and those
        that can operate on alternatives to petroleum, choosing
        among the options can be confusing. This Buyer’s Guide
        will help you learn about available vehicles, features, costs,
        and information resources.




4
How to Use This Guide
The 2009 Buyer’s Guide includes vehicle-
specific information on fuel economy,
emissions, vehicle specifications, esti-
mated cost, and warranty. This booklet
helps you compare similar vehicles to
make an informed buying decision.

Fuel Economy
The 2009 Buyer’s Guide includes the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s
(EPA) city and highway fuel economy numbers. The city fuel
economy represents low-speed driving in traffic with consid-
erable idling. EPA’s highway fuel economy represents highway
driving with no stops and little idling. Federal law requires
manufacturers of light duty vehicles sold in the U.S. to inform
customers about these EPA ratings.

Emissions
The Air Pollution Score
represents the amount of             Close to zero emissions ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
health-damaging, smog-                                        ★★★★
forming pollutants emitted                Average emissions ★ ★ ★
by a vehicle. Scores reflect
                                                              ★★
tailpipe emissions, not
lifecycle or carbon footprint       Highest emissions levels ★
impact. A five-star vehicle is
among the cleanest on the
road, while a one-star vehicle produces the highest tailpipe
emissions. A three-star rating is the average rating for 2009
cars. Many automakers offer vehicles that are otherwise
identical but have different air pollution scores, which vary
depending on where they are sold.

Engine Size, Price, and Warranty
In most cases, information on engine size, manufacturer’s
suggested retail price (MSRP), and warranty information is
provided by the vehicle manufacturer. The MSRP listed in this
guide is subject to change by the OEM and does not include
shipping or freight charges.




                                                                         5
Compressed
     Natural
     Gas


Natural gas vehicles save
money and emit less pollution.
                                                     Civic CNG Honda
Compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles
use the same fuel used for cooking or               $25,090 MSRP
heating. Domestic natural gas supplies              24 mpg city, 36 mpg highway
are plentiful and some locations are even           Range = 170 miles per fill
developing renewable sources known as               113 HP, 1.8L, I-4cyl engine
“biomethane.”
                                                    5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
Consumers are interested in CNG vehicles            Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
because CNG is often less expensive than
gasoline. CNG vehicles also emit fewer
health-threatening and greenhouse gas pollutants.

Choose a factory-built vehicle or convert a gasoline vehicle.
New car buyers can choose the 2009 CNG Honda Civic GX for $5,000 to $7,000 more
than the standard Civic. A federal tax credit of $4,000 and fuel cost savings allow most
motorists to recoup the extra cost within two to five years. Check with your tax advisor
for more information.
Buyers also may convert some new or used vehicles from gasoline to CNG for a typical cost
of $8,000 to $12,000. Vehicles converted to run on CNG exclusively are considered “dedi-
cated” and are eligible for a federal tax credit. The EPA regulates conversion systems based
on the vehicle make, model, and year.

Fuel availability may be the deciding factor.
Matching your vehicle choice with a readily available fuel is a smart move. If you are con-
sidering the purchase of a dedicated CNG vehicle or converting a conventional vehicle to
run on CNG, contact your local Clean Cities coalition to learn more about available fueling
options. One option is the FuelMaker “Phill,” which mounts in your garage to refuel your
vehicle at home.


 6             Compressed Natural Gas
Propane




                                                                          2008 model shown



                                                      F150 Pickup Roush Industries/Ford
Propane vehicles save money and
emit fewer emissions.                               $29,100 MSRP
                                                    V8 5.4L engine
Propane is a plentiful, clean-burning fuel
that has been used as a commercial motor            Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
fuel for more than 80 years. The price of
propane motor fuel is typically two-thirds
that of gasoline, and the number of propane fueling sites is second only to gasoline.
Besides burning cleaner than gasoline, propane is non-toxic and non-contaminating
to the atmosphere.

Selected Ford and GM pickups may be converted to propane.
Buyers may purchase a Roush liquid injection propane F150 from selected Roush autho-
rized Ford dealers. The option typically adds $8,500 to the cost, but a federal tax credit is
available that may substantially reduce the out-of-pocket expense. Because the fuel and
maintenance costs of propane vehicles are lower, motorists typically can recover this extra
cost within a few years of operation.
Other select gasoline models may be converted to run on propane including General Mo-
tors’ medium-duty C4500–C8500 models with 8.1L engines. Converted propane vehicles
are also eligible for a tax credit. Contact your local Clean Cities coalition to learn more
about conversion options.

Federal tax credits make propane vehicles an attractive choice.
According to IRS Notice 2006-54, new or used gasoline and diesel vehicles converted to
run on propane will qualify for federal tax credit as long as the conversion company has
an EPA certificate of conformity. Vehicle tax credit for purchase or conversion is 50% of the
incremental cost. Check with your tax advisor for more information.



                                                                  Propane                 7
Hybrid
     Electric


Hybrids save money
by boosting fuel efficiency.
Today’s hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)         Prius Toyota
are powered by an internal combus-
tion engine combined with a battery-          $22,000 MSRP
powered electric motor. HEVs run on           48 mpg city, 45 mpg highway
gasoline and don’t need to be plugged         4-cyl, Hybrid, 1.5L engine
in to recharge the battery. The internal      5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
combustion engine is downsized for            Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★
normal cruising, but the electric motor
powered by the battery provides extra
boost for acceleration. Hybrids are designed to recover energy during braking and gearing
down and are able to store this energy in the battery pack.

Hybrid configuration affects performance and price.
Currently, HEV buyers can choose between full hybrids, assist hybrids, and mild hybrids.
 Full hybrids can run on battery power at idle or low speeds. When speeds increase, the
  gasoline engine works with the electric motor to provide power. Full hybrids have a 25%
  to 40% fuel efficiency improvement. The Toyota Prius and Ford Escape Hybrid, Chevro-
  let Tahoe, Chrysler Aspen and others use the full hybrid system.
 Assist hybrids use the gasoline engine for primary power, while the electric motor
  provides variable added power as the driver “steps on the gas.” Assist hybrids, like full
  hybrids, can provide significant gains in fuel efficiency. The Honda Civic Hybrid and oth-
  ers use this technology.
 Mild hybrids are essentially conventional vehicles with oversized starter motors, allow-
  ing the engine to automatically shut down whenever the car is coasting, braking, or
  stopped to idle. Fuel efficiency gains are in the 10% to 20% range. The Saturn Vue and
  the Chevrolet Malibu hybrid are mild hybrids.




 8             Hybrid Electric
Malibu Hybrid Chevrolet
   $24,695 MSRP
   26 mpg city, 34 mpg highway
   4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.4L engine
   5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★




    Civic Hybrid Honda
   $23,550 MSRP
   40 mpg city, 45 mpg highway
   4-cyl, Hybrid, 1.3L engine
   5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★




    Prius Toyota
   $22,000 MSRP
   48 mpg city, 45 mpg highway
   4-cyl, Hybrid, 1.5L engine
   5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★




    Altima Hybrid Nissan
   $26,650 MSRP
   35 mpg city, 33 mpg highway
   4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.5L engine
   5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
   Available in CARB states only




                                             Hybrid Electric   9
Camry Hybrid Toyota
        $26,150 MSRP
        33 mpg city, 34 mpg highway
        4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.4L engine
        5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★




         Aura Hybrid Saturn
        $24,930 MSRP
        26 mpg city, 34 mpg highway
        4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.4L engine
        5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★




         Escape Hybrid FWD Ford
        $29,305 MSRP
        34 mpg city, 31 mpg highway
        4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.5L engine
        5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★




         Aspen Hybrid 4WD Chrysler
      $44,770 MSRP
      19 mpg city, 20 mpg highway
      V8, Hybrid, 5.7L engine
      Unlimited Yrs/Mileage Powertrain Warranty
       (non-transferable)
      Emissions: Not Available




10             Hybrid Electric
Escalade Hybrid 2WD Cadillac
   $70,685 MSRP
   20 mpg city, 21 mpg highway
   V8, Hybrid, 6.0L engine
   5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★




    Tribute Touring Hybrid 2WD Mazda
   $28,175 MSRP
   34 mpg city, 31 mpg highway
   4-cyl., Hybrid, 2.5L engine
   5-yr, 36,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★




    Highlander Hybrid 4WD Toyota
   $34,700 MSRP
   27 mpg city, 25 mpg highway
   V6, Hybrid, 3.3L engine
   5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★




    Vue FWD Hybrid Saturn
   $26,955 MSRP
   25 mpg city, 32 mpg highway
   4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.4L engine
   5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★




                                             Hybrid Electric   11
Tahoe Hybrid 2WD Chevrolet
         Yukon 1500 Hybrid 2WD GMC
        $51,405 MSRP
        21 mpg city, 22 mpg highway
        V8, Hybrid, 6.0L engine
        5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★



         Mariner Hybrid FWD Mercury
        $29,750 MSRP
        34 mpg city, 31 mpg highway
        4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.5L engine
        5-yr, 60,000 mile warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★




         Silverado 1500 Crew Cab Hybrid 2WD Chevrolet
        MSRP N/A
        21 mpg city, 22 mpg highway
        V8, Hybrid, 6.0L engine
        5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★




         Durango Limited Hybrid 4WD Dodge
      $44,540 MSRP
      19 mpg city, 20 mpg highway
      V8, Hybrid, 5.7L engine
      Lifetime Powertrain Limited Warranty
       (non-transferable)
      Emissions: Not Available




12             Hybrid Electric
All Electric
        GEM e4 Global Electric Motors
       $9,695 MSRP
       30-mile range per charge
       Charging time = 4-8 hours
       7.0 HP heavy-duty DC motor
       12-month warranty
       Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Several automakers are planning to produce new, highway-speed electric vehicles (EVs)
within a few years, but today the only currently available EVs are the custom-built, highway-
qualified electric Tesla Roadster, manufactured by Tesla Motors, and low-speed or neighbor-
hood electric vehicles (NEVs). These EVs store electricity in an energy storage device such
as a battery. The electricity powers the vehicle’s wheels via an electric motor. The battery
power is replenished by plugging the vehicle into a 110-volt outlet overnight. EVs are consid-
ered zero tailpipe emission vehicles because their motors produce no exhaust or emissions.

Low speed vehicles carry passengers and cargo in limited-access areas.
Manufacturers of NEVs include Global Electric Motors, ZAPP, ZENN, and Miles. These small
vehicles are commonly used for neighborhood commuting, light hauling and local deliver-
ies. By law, these vehicles can travel at no more than 25 mph, and their use is limited to
areas with 35 mph speed limits.
Low-speed vehicles provide                               ZENN Car Zenn Motor Co., Ltd.
off-road service on col-
lege campuses, re-                                      $13,625 MSRP
sort areas, airports,                                   35-50 mile range per charge
and other limited-                                      Charging time = 4-8 hours
access areas.                                           12-month warranty on motor
Their versatility
                                                        Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
in moving people
or cargo through
limited commute
                                                         ZX40S Advanced Design Miles
areas makes them
useful in a variety                                     $18,400 MSRP
of applications.                                        50-60 mile range per charge
                                                         Charging time = 4-6 hours
                                                         Brushless 3-phase AC motor
                                                         18-month warranty on motor
                                                         Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★


                                                                All Electric             13
Ethanol




                                                  Lucerne Buick
Flexible Fuel Vehicles can operate
on regular gas or E85 Ethanol.                   $28,415 MSRP
                                                 13 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (E85)
Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) provide
motorists with the choice of running             17 mpg city, 26 mpg highway (gasoline)
their vehicle on gasoline, E85, or any           V6, FFV, 3.9L engine
combination of both. In 2009, automak-           5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
ers are offering more than 40 FFV mod-           Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★
els, up from 31 in 2008. As of October
2008, there are more than 1,600 fueling
stations offering E85 across the country, and the number is increasing monthly. To locate
an E85 station near you, check the AFDC Web site at www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ethanol/
stations.html.

E85 is a renewable fuel choice.
Ethanol is produced domestically from starchy feedstocks such as corn. E85 is a mix of 85%
ethanol and 15% gasoline. According to EPA estimates today’s FFVs get 20-25% lower fuel
economy when running on E85 because ethanol contains less energy than gasoline per
gallon, which translates into a reduction in fuel economy. The price of E85, which is typi-
cally 10% to 30% less than gasoline, can offset the loss in fuel economy. Fuel economy also
varies by model and driving conditions.

E85 is a fuel for today—and the future.
Today most ethanol in the U.S. is made from corn and can displace up to 10% of the gaso-
line we use without affecting food supplies. In the near future, ethanol may be made from
other renewable resources, including perennial grasses, crop residues, straw, fast growing
trees, and even municipal waste. Ethanol from these materials and corn combined may
eventually replace up to 40% of the gasoline we currently use.



 14            Ethanol
Impala Chevrolet
   $23,045 MSRP
   14 mpg city, 22 mpg highway (E85)
   19 mpg city, 29 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V6, FFV, 3.5L engine
   5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★



    Crown Victoria Ford (fleet only)
   $29,205 MSRP
   12 mpg city, 17 mpg highway (E85)
   16 mpg city, 24 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V8, FFV, 4.6L engine
   5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★



    Avenger SXT 2WD Dodge
   $22,400 MSRP
   13 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (E85)
   19 mpg city, 27 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V6, FFV, 2.7L engine
   Unlimited years/miles on powertrain warranty (transferable)
   Emissions: ★ ★



    C300 Sport Mercedes Benz
   $33,850 MSRP
   13 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (E85)
   18 mpg city, 25 mpg highway (premium)
   6 cyl, FFV, 3.0L engine
   4-yr, 50,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★




                                                              Ethanol   15
Sebring Chrysler
        $20,705 MSRP
        13 city mpg, 20 mpg highway (E85)
        19 mpg city, 27 mpg highway (gasoline)
        V6, FFV, 2.7L engine
        Lifetime Powertrain Limited Warranty (non-transferable)
        Emissions: ★ ★



         Town Car Lincoln
        $45,815 MSRP
        12 city mpg, 17 mpg highway (E85)
        16 mpg city, 24 mpg highway (gasoline)
        V8, FFV, 4.6L engine
        6-yr, 70,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★



         Lucerne Buick
        $28,415 MSRP
        13 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (E85)
        17 mpg city, 26 mpg highway (gasoline)
        V6, FFV, 3.9L engine
        5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★



         HHR FWD Chevrolet
        $17,930 MSRP
        16 mpg city, 23 mpg highway (E85)
        22 mpg city, 32 mpg highway (gasoline)
        4-cyl., FFV, 2.2L engine
        5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★




16             Ethanol
Durango Dodge
 $30,910 MSRP
 9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)
 14 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)
 V8, FFV, 4.7L engine
 Lifetime Powertrain Limited Warranty
  (non-transferable)
 Emissions: ★ ★ ★


    Grand Cherokee Limited 2WD Jeep
   $37,145 MSRP
   9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)
   14 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V8, FFV, 4.7L engine
   Unlimited yrs/miles powertrain warranty (transferable)
   Emissions: N/A



    Expedition 2WD Ford
   $36,345 MSRP
   10 mpg city, 14 mpg highway (E85)
   14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V8, FFV, 5.4L engine
   5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★



    Aspen FFV 2WD Chrysler
 $35,000 MSRP
 9 city mpg, 13 mpg highway (E85)
 14 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)
 V8, FFV, 4.7L engine
 Lifetime Powertrain Limited Warranty
  (non-transferable)
 Emissions: ★ ★ ★




                                                             Ethanol   17
Avalanche LT1 2WD Chevrolet
        $34,255 MSRP
        10 mpg city, 15 mpg highway (E85)
        14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)
        V8, FFV, 5.3L engine
        5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★



         Tahoe LT1 2WD Chevrolet
         Yukon 1500 2WD GMC
        $38,080 MSRP
        10 mpg city, 15 mpg highway (E85)
        14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)
        V8, FFV, 5.3L engine
        5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★


         Escalade 2WD Cadillac
        $59,755 MSRP
        10 mpg city, 14 mpg highway (E85)
        12 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)
        V8, FFV, 6.2L engine
        5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★



         Commander 2WD Jeep
      $32,000 MSRP
      9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)
      14 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)
      V8, FFV, 4.7L engine
      Unlimited years/miles on powertrain
       warranty (transferable)
      Emissions: ★ ★




18             Ethanol
Navigator 2WD Lincoln
   $51,130 MSRP
   10 mpg city, 14 mpg highway (E85)
   14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V8, FFV, 5.4L engine
   6-yr, 70,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★



    Hummer H2 General Motors
   $68,575 MSRP
   N/A city, N/A highway (E85)
   N/A city, N/A highway (gasoline)
   FFV, 6.2L engine
   5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★



    Silverado 1500 2WD Chevrolet
    Sierra 1500 2WD GMC
   $19,590 – $25,760 MSRP
   11 mpg city, 15 mpg highway (E85)
   14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V8, FFV, 5.3L engine
   5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★


    Armada 2WD Nissan
   $37,210 MSRP
   9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)
   12 mpg city, 18 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V8, FFV, 5.6L engine
   5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★




                                             Ethanol   19
Town & Country LX Chrysler
         Dodge Caravan Chrysler
        $26,500 MSRP
        11 mpg city, 16 mpg highway (E85)
        17 mpg city, 24 mpg highway (gasoline)
        V6, FFV, 3.3L engine
        Lifetime Powertrain Limited Warranty (non-transferable)
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★


         Tundra 4WD Toyota
        $36,000 MSRP
        10 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)
        13 mpg city, 17 mpg highway (gasoline)
        V8, FFV, 5.7L engine
        5 yr, 60,000-mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★



         F150 2WD Ford
        $20,345 MSRP
        10 mpg city, 14 mpg highway (E85)
        14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)
        V8, FFV, 5.4L engine
        5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★



         Raider Pickup 2WD Mitsubishi
        $20,665 MSRP
        9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)
        14 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)
        V8, FFV, 4.7L engine
        5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
        Emissions: ★ ★ ★




20             Ethanol
Suburban LTZ 1500 4WD Chevrolet
   $52,155 MSRP
   10 mpg city, 15 mpg highway (E85)
   14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V8, FFV, 5.3L engine
   5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★
   4x4 also available


    Titan 2WD Nissan
   $26,150 MSRP
   9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)
   13 mpg city, 18 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V8, FFV, 5.6L engine
   5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★



    Express 1500 Passenger Van 2WD Chevrolet
    Savana 1500 Passenger Van 2WD GMC
   $28,790 MSRP
   9 mpg city, 12 mpg highway (E85)
   12 mpg city, 16 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V8, FFV, 5.3L engine
   5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★


    E-Series E150 Van Ford
   $25,060 MSRP
   N/A mpg city, N/A mpg highway (E85)
   15 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)
   V8, FFV, 4.6L engine
   5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty
   Emissions: ★ ★




                                               Ethanol   21
Biodiesel




                                                Grand Cherokee Overland 2WD Jeep
Biodiesel is a clean, renewable
American fuel.                                 $40,610 MSRP
                                               18 mpg city/23 mpg highway
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel
                                               Approved for B5 use
produced from a wide range of
                                               V6 3.0L engine diesel/biodiesel optional engine
vegetable oils and animal fats.
Pure biodiesel is labeled B100, but            Unlimited years/miles warranty (transferable)
consumers typically buy biodiesel
blends ranging from B2 (2% biod-
iesel, 98% petroleum diesel) to B20 (20% biodiesel, 80% petroleum diesel). In 2008 ASTM
published a new standard (D7467-08) for biodiesel blends ranging from B6 to B20. Many
retailers offer B20 because it performs well—even in cold weather and in older engines.

Biodiesel is different from plain vegetable oil.
Biodiesel is made by refining any fat or oil (such as soybean oil) using a catalyst to react the
oil with an alcohol to remove glycerin. Biodiesel (B100) must be produced to strict specifi-
cations (ASTM D6751) to ensure proper performance. Unprocessed vegetable oil has differ-
ent chemical properties than biodiesel, and engine manufacturers do not recommend its
use in diesel engines.

Biodiesel is good for your vehicle and the environment.
Almost 5 million diesel cars, pickups, and SUVs are on U.S. roads today, and the number is
expected to grow rapidly. Diesel vehicles typically get about 20% to 30% more miles per
gallon than a comparable gasoline engine.
Biodiesel performs much like petroleum diesel in most engines. It reduces engine wear
and cleans out deposits to help engines run more efficiently. It also significantly curbs most
tailpipe emissions and reduces greenhouse gases.




 22             Biodiesel
Ram 2500/3500 4WD Quad Cab Dodge
   $47,425 MSRP
   12 mpg city, 17 mpg highway
   Approved for B20 use
   I-6 6.7L Turbo Diesel
   Unlimited years/miles warranty
    (transferable)



    Grand Cherokee Overland 2WD Jeep
 $40,610 MSRP
 18 mpg city/23 mpg highway
 Approved for B5 use
 V6 3.0L engine diesel/biodiesel
  optional engine
 Unlimited years/miles warranty (transferable)




    F-250 Super Duty Crew Cab 4WD Ford
   $44,235 MSRP
   12 mpg city, 16 mpg highway
   Approved for B5 use
   V8, 6.4L Turbo Diesel
   5 yr, 100,000-mile powertrain warranty




    Silverado 2500 HD 2WD Chevrolet
 $32,640 MSRP
 13 mpg city, 18 mpg highway
 Approved for B5 use; B20 approved
  with Special Equipment Option
 V8 6.6L Turbo Diesel
 5 yr, 60,000-mile powertrain warranty




                                                  Biodiesel   23
Exciting Vehicles On                                                 Chevrolet Volt
    the Horizon




Automotive technology is advancing rapidly. Vehicles that were talked about only a few
years ago are now involved in real-world testing and will soon be appearing in showrooms.

High-Speed, Advanced All-Electric Cars
Original equipment manufacturers including Chrysler and Nissan, as well as several NEV
manufacturers such as Miles, ZAP, ZENN, and Phoenix Motorcars, expect to produce zero-
emission all-electric vehicles that can travel at highway speeds up to 80 mph by 2011. Look
for all-electric cars to be smaller sedans or sports cars with a range of 150 to 200 miles.
Recharging will be via a standard 110-volt wall outlet.

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) combine electric
power for 40 miles of operation with a liquid fuel option to
take you farther than the all-electric limited range and allow
time for recharging. Operating on a combination of electric
power and fuel (gasoline, diesel, or ethanol), PHEVs are a
follow-on to available hybrid electrics like the Toyota Prius
and the Ford Escape Hybrid. It is expected that battery tech-
nologies and all-electric driving ranges will vary significant-
ly among PHEV models. PHEVs are not yet in production but
several manufacturers have announced their intention to
introduce production PHEV automobiles in the 2010-2011
time frame.




 24             On the Horizon
For those who don’t want
to wait for PHEVs to hit the
market, services are available
to convert production-model
hybrid vehicles to plug-ins.
Most PHEVs on U.S. roads are
conversions of 2004 or later
Toyota Prius or Ford Escape
models, which have had plug-
                                                                           Ford Escape
in charging added and their electric-only range extended.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car
The interest in hydrogen as an alternative transportation fuel stems from its clean-burning
qualities, its potential for domestic production, and the fuel cell vehicle’s potential for high
efficiency, which can be two to three times more than gasoline vehicles.
Honda rolled out its FCX Clarity in 2008 and leased 200 vehicles for three years to drivers in
Southern California to collect real-world driving data. Honda’s fuel cell vehicle is powered
by a motor running on electricity generated by a hydrogen-powered fuel cell stack. The
compact, high-efficiency lithium-ion battery pack is used as a supplemental power source
capturing lost energy during deceleration and
braking. The ultimate viability of a fuel
cell fleet will be based on the
vehicle’s ability to efficiently
use and economically
produce and store
hydrogen fuel and
the willingness of car
owners to fuel with
hydrogen.


                                                                           Honda FCX Clarity




                                                           On the Horizon                  25
Fuel Conservation




            Most of this guide focuses on new vehicles that use more
            efficient technologies or alternative fuels. But whether or
            not you are buying a new car, there are many ways to save
            money and fuel—by making your vehicle operate more ef-
            ficiently and making choices that reduce your need to drive.
            Consider the following fuel saving suggestions.

            Reduce miles traveled.
            The most obvious way to conserve fuel is to reduce the miles
            you drive. Many commuters opt for public transit to save
            money and reduce driving stress.
            Car or van pools are another alternative for people on a regu-
            lar work schedule. Many communities offer van-pool match-
            ing programs or support to help people get them started.
            Telecommuting is another possibility. Many companies as well
            as municipal and state governments offer employees the op-
            portunity to work from home for at least part of the week.




26       Fuel Conservation
Adopt good driving habits.
Jack-rabbit starts, hard braking, aggressive,
high-speed driving, and excessive idling all
waste fuel. By accelerating gradually, easing
into traffic, and trimming five miles per hour
from your speed, you can save fuel. Calculate
your miles-per-gallon based on your current
driving habits, and then make some changes.
Reduce your highway driving speed to 60
mph, accelerate gradually from stops, and
avoid hard braking. Reduce idling as much
as possible. When you anticipate waiting for
more than a minute, turn off your engine if
it’s safe to do so. Compare your mileage after
one tank and you will see that more moder-
ate driving habits can pay real dividends.
Use fuel saving techniques with
your vehicle.
Around town, turn your air conditioner off and roll down the
windows. At speeds of 40 mph or more, roll up your windows
and turn on the air condi-
tioner or use the fan.
Use four-wheel drive only
when necessary. Engaging
all four wheels makes the
engine work harder and
increases crankcase losses.
Inflate your tires to the
recommended pressure.
Remind yourself to check
tire pressure at least once
per month.




                                           Fuel Conservation   27
EPA Fuel Economy Estimates
     EPA estimate methods now provide a more accurate
     prediction of real-world fuel economy.
     In 2008, EPA revised its methods for estimating miles per gal-
     lon to better represent current real-world driving conditions.
     City and highway estimates now account for more aggressive
     driving (higher speeds and faster acceleration), air condi-
     tioner use, and cold-temper-
     ature operation. A combined
     fuel economy number is also
     displayed on the window
     sticker indicating a miles-
     per-gallon average for the
     vehicle and the estimated
     annual fuel cost based on
     15,000 miles and an average
     dollar amount per gallon of
     E85 and unleaded gasoline.
     The city estimate is based
     on urban driving in which a
     vehicle is parked all night,
     started in the morning, and driven in stop-and-go traffic. The
     highway estimate represents a mixture of free-flowing rural
     and interstate highway driving in a warmed-up vehicle typi-
     cal of longer trips.

     Your mileage will vary.
     The test methods cause miles-per-gallon estimates for both
     2008 and 2009 year vehicles to be noticeably lower, though
     more realistic, than those for previous years. This makes it
     difficult to directly compare 2009 model year vehicles with
     older models. However, a tool for fuel efficiency comparisons
     is available at www.fueleconomy.gov.
     Even with improved test methods, your vehicle’s fuel econo-
     my will likely vary because conditions differ based on where
     you drive, how you drive, whether you drive a two-wheel or
     four-wheel-drive vehicle and other factors.




28         Fuel Economy
Notes   29
The mission of the Clean Cities Program is to advance the
                        nation’s economic, environmental, and energy security by
                        supporting local decisions to adopt practices that contribute
                        to the reduction of petroleum consumption. Clean Cities
                        carries out this mission through a network of more than 85
                        volunteer coalitions, which develop public/private partner-
                        ships to promote alternative fuels and vehicles, fuel blends,
                        fuel economy, hybrid vehicles, and idle reduction. To find your
                        local coalition, please visit www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/.




                                                             Clean Cities Coalitions
                                                                             Winnipeg
                           Puget Sound

                                                                      Red River Valley
                                                                                                                                     Capital District
            Columbia-Willamette
                                                                                                                              Central New York            Vermont
                                                                                                                                                                   Maine
                                                                                       Twin Cities                          Genesee Region                      Granite State
                                                     Yellowstone-Teton                                                                                          Massachusetts
            Rogue Valley      Treasure Valley                                                                          Western New York
                                                                                                        Wisconsin    Lansing Detroit                                 Ocean State
                                                                                                         SE Area                                   New             Connecticut*
                                                                                                                                     NE Ohio      Jersey       Long Island
                     Eastern Sierra                                                         Iowa          Chicago           Ann
                                                                                                                                        Pittsburgh          New York City and
       Sacramento       Regional                         Northern Colorado                                                 Arbor                            Lower Hudson Valley
                                                                                                           South Shore
     East Bay                                                                                                                                                Philadelphia
                 San Joaquin             Utah             Denver                                        Central Indiana                                     Delaware
San Francisco                                                                             Kansas                               Clean
  Silicon Valley    Valley                                                                 City                             Fuels Ohio      West VA        State of Maryland
                                                       Southern Colorado                                      St. Louis                                   Washington DC
                                  Las Vegas                                                                                    Commonwealth              Hampton Roads
 Central Coast                                                                                                                  CC Partnership
     Antelope Valley       SCAG                                                                                Middle                              Triangle
      Los Angeles            Western Riverside County                       Central           Tulsa          Tennessee                        Centralina
                                                                                                                                  East
        Long Beach                                                         Oklahoma                                           Tennessee
                            Palm         Valley of                                                        Central                             Palmetto
    San Diego Region                     the Sun          Land of                                        Arkansas       Atlanta
                           Springs                                                                                                              State
                                                        Enchantment
                                              Tucson                                                                                Middle
                                                                       Dallas/Ft. Worth        East Texas
                                                                                                                                    Georgia

                  Honolulu                                                                                    Baton Rouge
                                                                       Central Texas               SE Texas
                                                                                                                  Southeast                    Space Coast
                                                                      Alamo Area                                  Louisiana
                                                                                            Houston/
                                                                                            Galveston
                                                                       Laredo                   *Connecticut Clean Cities Include:
                                                                                                 – Norwich                                              Gold Coast
                                                                                                 – New Haven
                       DOE Alternative Fuels and                                                 – Connecticut Southwestern Area
                       Advanced Vehicles Data Center                                             – Capitol Clean Cities of Connecticut                   Map Date - 10/03/08




  30
Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy
  Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
  Vehicle Technologies Program
For more information contact:
  EERE Information Center
  1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463)
  www.eere.energy.gov

Prepared by the National Renewable Energy
  Laboratory (NREL)
NREL is a national laboratory of
 the U.S. Department of Energy
 Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

A Strong Energy Portfolio for a Strong America
Energy efficiency and clean, renewable energy
will mean a stronger economy, a cleaner
environment, and greater energy independence
for America. Working with a wide array of state,
community, industry, and university partners,
the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy invests in a diverse
portfolio of energy technologies.

DOE/GO-102008-2657 • November 2008

Printed with a renewable-source ink on paper
containing at least 50% wastepaper, including
10% postconsumer waste.

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New York Honda Vehicle Buying Guide

  • 1. Clean Cities 2009 Vehicle Buyer’s Guide | Natural Gas | Propane | All Electric | Hybrid Electric | Ethanol | Biodiesel November 2008
  • 2. Natural Gas .......................... 6 Propane................................. 7 Hybrid Electric .................... 8 COMPRESSED All Electric............................. 13 NATURAL GAS Ethanol .................................. 14 Biodiesel ............................... 22 On the Horizon ................... 24 Fuel Conservation ............. 26 Fuel Economy ..................... 28 E85 HYBRID FLEX FUEL ELECTRIC ALL PROPANE ELECTRIC 2009 BIODIESEL Clean Cities Vehicle Buyer’s Guide Reducing the petroleum used in vehicles has gotten easier with the introduction of hybrid electric vehicles, flexible fuel vehicles, all-elec- trics, and CNG- and propane-powered vehicles. By selecting the vehicle and fuel that fit your needs and your location, you can help the United States achieve energy independence while you improve your own bottom line.
  • 3. Introduction Energy security is more critical than ever. The year 2008 saw fluctuating oil prices reach $140/barrel for the first time, driving home the economic impact and danger of our dependence on foreign oil. The good news is the expanding availability of advanced, efficient vehicles and cleaner domestic fuels, which support America’s energy independence. Alternative fuels and advanced vehicles, such as flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs), hybrids, electric vehicles, and others that can run on natural gas or propane, are available in the market- place. You can choose a vehicle that sips rather than guzzles gas or one that uses a cleaner, domestically produced fuel without sacrificing performance. Clean fuels and efficient vehicles are available today. Consumers have more choices than ever. This year’s Buyer’s Guide includes 12 more FFVs, two new hybrids, and more diesel vehicles that run on biodiesel blends. This guide also provides a peek into the exciting future of plug-in hybrids, all-electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Some of these advanced technology vehicles will hit showrooms soon. As automakers produce more efficient vehicles and those that can operate on alternatives to petroleum, choosing among the options can be confusing. This Buyer’s Guide will help you learn about available vehicles, features, costs, and information resources. 4
  • 4. How to Use This Guide The 2009 Buyer’s Guide includes vehicle- specific information on fuel economy, emissions, vehicle specifications, esti- mated cost, and warranty. This booklet helps you compare similar vehicles to make an informed buying decision. Fuel Economy The 2009 Buyer’s Guide includes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) city and highway fuel economy numbers. The city fuel economy represents low-speed driving in traffic with consid- erable idling. EPA’s highway fuel economy represents highway driving with no stops and little idling. Federal law requires manufacturers of light duty vehicles sold in the U.S. to inform customers about these EPA ratings. Emissions The Air Pollution Score represents the amount of Close to zero emissions ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ health-damaging, smog- ★★★★ forming pollutants emitted Average emissions ★ ★ ★ by a vehicle. Scores reflect ★★ tailpipe emissions, not lifecycle or carbon footprint Highest emissions levels ★ impact. A five-star vehicle is among the cleanest on the road, while a one-star vehicle produces the highest tailpipe emissions. A three-star rating is the average rating for 2009 cars. Many automakers offer vehicles that are otherwise identical but have different air pollution scores, which vary depending on where they are sold. Engine Size, Price, and Warranty In most cases, information on engine size, manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP), and warranty information is provided by the vehicle manufacturer. The MSRP listed in this guide is subject to change by the OEM and does not include shipping or freight charges. 5
  • 5. Compressed Natural Gas Natural gas vehicles save money and emit less pollution. Civic CNG Honda Compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles use the same fuel used for cooking or  $25,090 MSRP heating. Domestic natural gas supplies  24 mpg city, 36 mpg highway are plentiful and some locations are even  Range = 170 miles per fill developing renewable sources known as  113 HP, 1.8L, I-4cyl engine “biomethane.”  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty Consumers are interested in CNG vehicles  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ because CNG is often less expensive than gasoline. CNG vehicles also emit fewer health-threatening and greenhouse gas pollutants. Choose a factory-built vehicle or convert a gasoline vehicle. New car buyers can choose the 2009 CNG Honda Civic GX for $5,000 to $7,000 more than the standard Civic. A federal tax credit of $4,000 and fuel cost savings allow most motorists to recoup the extra cost within two to five years. Check with your tax advisor for more information. Buyers also may convert some new or used vehicles from gasoline to CNG for a typical cost of $8,000 to $12,000. Vehicles converted to run on CNG exclusively are considered “dedi- cated” and are eligible for a federal tax credit. The EPA regulates conversion systems based on the vehicle make, model, and year. Fuel availability may be the deciding factor. Matching your vehicle choice with a readily available fuel is a smart move. If you are con- sidering the purchase of a dedicated CNG vehicle or converting a conventional vehicle to run on CNG, contact your local Clean Cities coalition to learn more about available fueling options. One option is the FuelMaker “Phill,” which mounts in your garage to refuel your vehicle at home. 6 Compressed Natural Gas
  • 6. Propane 2008 model shown F150 Pickup Roush Industries/Ford Propane vehicles save money and emit fewer emissions.  $29,100 MSRP  V8 5.4L engine Propane is a plentiful, clean-burning fuel that has been used as a commercial motor  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ fuel for more than 80 years. The price of propane motor fuel is typically two-thirds that of gasoline, and the number of propane fueling sites is second only to gasoline. Besides burning cleaner than gasoline, propane is non-toxic and non-contaminating to the atmosphere. Selected Ford and GM pickups may be converted to propane. Buyers may purchase a Roush liquid injection propane F150 from selected Roush autho- rized Ford dealers. The option typically adds $8,500 to the cost, but a federal tax credit is available that may substantially reduce the out-of-pocket expense. Because the fuel and maintenance costs of propane vehicles are lower, motorists typically can recover this extra cost within a few years of operation. Other select gasoline models may be converted to run on propane including General Mo- tors’ medium-duty C4500–C8500 models with 8.1L engines. Converted propane vehicles are also eligible for a tax credit. Contact your local Clean Cities coalition to learn more about conversion options. Federal tax credits make propane vehicles an attractive choice. According to IRS Notice 2006-54, new or used gasoline and diesel vehicles converted to run on propane will qualify for federal tax credit as long as the conversion company has an EPA certificate of conformity. Vehicle tax credit for purchase or conversion is 50% of the incremental cost. Check with your tax advisor for more information. Propane 7
  • 7. Hybrid Electric Hybrids save money by boosting fuel efficiency. Today’s hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) Prius Toyota are powered by an internal combus- tion engine combined with a battery-  $22,000 MSRP powered electric motor. HEVs run on  48 mpg city, 45 mpg highway gasoline and don’t need to be plugged  4-cyl, Hybrid, 1.5L engine in to recharge the battery. The internal  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty combustion engine is downsized for  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ normal cruising, but the electric motor powered by the battery provides extra boost for acceleration. Hybrids are designed to recover energy during braking and gearing down and are able to store this energy in the battery pack. Hybrid configuration affects performance and price. Currently, HEV buyers can choose between full hybrids, assist hybrids, and mild hybrids.  Full hybrids can run on battery power at idle or low speeds. When speeds increase, the gasoline engine works with the electric motor to provide power. Full hybrids have a 25% to 40% fuel efficiency improvement. The Toyota Prius and Ford Escape Hybrid, Chevro- let Tahoe, Chrysler Aspen and others use the full hybrid system.  Assist hybrids use the gasoline engine for primary power, while the electric motor provides variable added power as the driver “steps on the gas.” Assist hybrids, like full hybrids, can provide significant gains in fuel efficiency. The Honda Civic Hybrid and oth- ers use this technology.  Mild hybrids are essentially conventional vehicles with oversized starter motors, allow- ing the engine to automatically shut down whenever the car is coasting, braking, or stopped to idle. Fuel efficiency gains are in the 10% to 20% range. The Saturn Vue and the Chevrolet Malibu hybrid are mild hybrids. 8 Hybrid Electric
  • 8. Malibu Hybrid Chevrolet  $24,695 MSRP  26 mpg city, 34 mpg highway  4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.4L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Civic Hybrid Honda  $23,550 MSRP  40 mpg city, 45 mpg highway  4-cyl, Hybrid, 1.3L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Prius Toyota  $22,000 MSRP  48 mpg city, 45 mpg highway  4-cyl, Hybrid, 1.5L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Altima Hybrid Nissan  $26,650 MSRP  35 mpg city, 33 mpg highway  4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.5L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★  Available in CARB states only Hybrid Electric 9
  • 9. Camry Hybrid Toyota  $26,150 MSRP  33 mpg city, 34 mpg highway  4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.4L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Aura Hybrid Saturn  $24,930 MSRP  26 mpg city, 34 mpg highway  4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.4L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Escape Hybrid FWD Ford  $29,305 MSRP  34 mpg city, 31 mpg highway  4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.5L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Aspen Hybrid 4WD Chrysler  $44,770 MSRP  19 mpg city, 20 mpg highway  V8, Hybrid, 5.7L engine  Unlimited Yrs/Mileage Powertrain Warranty (non-transferable)  Emissions: Not Available 10 Hybrid Electric
  • 10. Escalade Hybrid 2WD Cadillac  $70,685 MSRP  20 mpg city, 21 mpg highway  V8, Hybrid, 6.0L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Tribute Touring Hybrid 2WD Mazda  $28,175 MSRP  34 mpg city, 31 mpg highway  4-cyl., Hybrid, 2.5L engine  5-yr, 36,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Highlander Hybrid 4WD Toyota  $34,700 MSRP  27 mpg city, 25 mpg highway  V6, Hybrid, 3.3L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Vue FWD Hybrid Saturn  $26,955 MSRP  25 mpg city, 32 mpg highway  4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.4L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Hybrid Electric 11
  • 11. Tahoe Hybrid 2WD Chevrolet Yukon 1500 Hybrid 2WD GMC  $51,405 MSRP  21 mpg city, 22 mpg highway  V8, Hybrid, 6.0L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Mariner Hybrid FWD Mercury  $29,750 MSRP  34 mpg city, 31 mpg highway  4-cyl, Hybrid, 2.5L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Silverado 1500 Crew Cab Hybrid 2WD Chevrolet  MSRP N/A  21 mpg city, 22 mpg highway  V8, Hybrid, 6.0L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Durango Limited Hybrid 4WD Dodge  $44,540 MSRP  19 mpg city, 20 mpg highway  V8, Hybrid, 5.7L engine  Lifetime Powertrain Limited Warranty (non-transferable)  Emissions: Not Available 12 Hybrid Electric
  • 12. All Electric GEM e4 Global Electric Motors  $9,695 MSRP  30-mile range per charge  Charging time = 4-8 hours  7.0 HP heavy-duty DC motor  12-month warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Several automakers are planning to produce new, highway-speed electric vehicles (EVs) within a few years, but today the only currently available EVs are the custom-built, highway- qualified electric Tesla Roadster, manufactured by Tesla Motors, and low-speed or neighbor- hood electric vehicles (NEVs). These EVs store electricity in an energy storage device such as a battery. The electricity powers the vehicle’s wheels via an electric motor. The battery power is replenished by plugging the vehicle into a 110-volt outlet overnight. EVs are consid- ered zero tailpipe emission vehicles because their motors produce no exhaust or emissions. Low speed vehicles carry passengers and cargo in limited-access areas. Manufacturers of NEVs include Global Electric Motors, ZAPP, ZENN, and Miles. These small vehicles are commonly used for neighborhood commuting, light hauling and local deliver- ies. By law, these vehicles can travel at no more than 25 mph, and their use is limited to areas with 35 mph speed limits. Low-speed vehicles provide ZENN Car Zenn Motor Co., Ltd. off-road service on col- lege campuses, re-  $13,625 MSRP sort areas, airports,  35-50 mile range per charge and other limited-  Charging time = 4-8 hours access areas.  12-month warranty on motor Their versatility  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ in moving people or cargo through limited commute ZX40S Advanced Design Miles areas makes them useful in a variety  $18,400 MSRP of applications.  50-60 mile range per charge  Charging time = 4-6 hours  Brushless 3-phase AC motor  18-month warranty on motor  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ All Electric 13
  • 13. Ethanol Lucerne Buick Flexible Fuel Vehicles can operate on regular gas or E85 Ethanol.  $28,415 MSRP  13 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (E85) Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) provide motorists with the choice of running  17 mpg city, 26 mpg highway (gasoline) their vehicle on gasoline, E85, or any  V6, FFV, 3.9L engine combination of both. In 2009, automak-  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty ers are offering more than 40 FFV mod-  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ els, up from 31 in 2008. As of October 2008, there are more than 1,600 fueling stations offering E85 across the country, and the number is increasing monthly. To locate an E85 station near you, check the AFDC Web site at www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ethanol/ stations.html. E85 is a renewable fuel choice. Ethanol is produced domestically from starchy feedstocks such as corn. E85 is a mix of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. According to EPA estimates today’s FFVs get 20-25% lower fuel economy when running on E85 because ethanol contains less energy than gasoline per gallon, which translates into a reduction in fuel economy. The price of E85, which is typi- cally 10% to 30% less than gasoline, can offset the loss in fuel economy. Fuel economy also varies by model and driving conditions. E85 is a fuel for today—and the future. Today most ethanol in the U.S. is made from corn and can displace up to 10% of the gaso- line we use without affecting food supplies. In the near future, ethanol may be made from other renewable resources, including perennial grasses, crop residues, straw, fast growing trees, and even municipal waste. Ethanol from these materials and corn combined may eventually replace up to 40% of the gasoline we currently use. 14 Ethanol
  • 14. Impala Chevrolet  $23,045 MSRP  14 mpg city, 22 mpg highway (E85)  19 mpg city, 29 mpg highway (gasoline)  V6, FFV, 3.5L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Crown Victoria Ford (fleet only)  $29,205 MSRP  12 mpg city, 17 mpg highway (E85)  16 mpg city, 24 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 4.6L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Avenger SXT 2WD Dodge  $22,400 MSRP  13 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (E85)  19 mpg city, 27 mpg highway (gasoline)  V6, FFV, 2.7L engine  Unlimited years/miles on powertrain warranty (transferable)  Emissions: ★ ★ C300 Sport Mercedes Benz  $33,850 MSRP  13 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (E85)  18 mpg city, 25 mpg highway (premium)  6 cyl, FFV, 3.0L engine  4-yr, 50,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Ethanol 15
  • 15. Sebring Chrysler  $20,705 MSRP  13 city mpg, 20 mpg highway (E85)  19 mpg city, 27 mpg highway (gasoline)  V6, FFV, 2.7L engine  Lifetime Powertrain Limited Warranty (non-transferable)  Emissions: ★ ★ Town Car Lincoln  $45,815 MSRP  12 city mpg, 17 mpg highway (E85)  16 mpg city, 24 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 4.6L engine  6-yr, 70,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Lucerne Buick  $28,415 MSRP  13 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (E85)  17 mpg city, 26 mpg highway (gasoline)  V6, FFV, 3.9L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ HHR FWD Chevrolet  $17,930 MSRP  16 mpg city, 23 mpg highway (E85)  22 mpg city, 32 mpg highway (gasoline)  4-cyl., FFV, 2.2L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ 16 Ethanol
  • 16. Durango Dodge  $30,910 MSRP  9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 4.7L engine  Lifetime Powertrain Limited Warranty (non-transferable)  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Grand Cherokee Limited 2WD Jeep  $37,145 MSRP  9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 4.7L engine  Unlimited yrs/miles powertrain warranty (transferable)  Emissions: N/A Expedition 2WD Ford  $36,345 MSRP  10 mpg city, 14 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.4L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Aspen FFV 2WD Chrysler  $35,000 MSRP  9 city mpg, 13 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 4.7L engine  Lifetime Powertrain Limited Warranty (non-transferable)  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Ethanol 17
  • 17. Avalanche LT1 2WD Chevrolet  $34,255 MSRP  10 mpg city, 15 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.3L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Tahoe LT1 2WD Chevrolet Yukon 1500 2WD GMC  $38,080 MSRP  10 mpg city, 15 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.3L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Escalade 2WD Cadillac  $59,755 MSRP  10 mpg city, 14 mpg highway (E85)  12 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 6.2L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Commander 2WD Jeep  $32,000 MSRP  9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 4.7L engine  Unlimited years/miles on powertrain warranty (transferable)  Emissions: ★ ★ 18 Ethanol
  • 18. Navigator 2WD Lincoln  $51,130 MSRP  10 mpg city, 14 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.4L engine  6-yr, 70,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Hummer H2 General Motors  $68,575 MSRP  N/A city, N/A highway (E85)  N/A city, N/A highway (gasoline)  FFV, 6.2L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Silverado 1500 2WD Chevrolet Sierra 1500 2WD GMC  $19,590 – $25,760 MSRP  11 mpg city, 15 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.3L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ Armada 2WD Nissan  $37,210 MSRP  9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)  12 mpg city, 18 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.6L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Ethanol 19
  • 19. Town & Country LX Chrysler Dodge Caravan Chrysler  $26,500 MSRP  11 mpg city, 16 mpg highway (E85)  17 mpg city, 24 mpg highway (gasoline)  V6, FFV, 3.3L engine  Lifetime Powertrain Limited Warranty (non-transferable)  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Tundra 4WD Toyota  $36,000 MSRP  10 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)  13 mpg city, 17 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.7L engine  5 yr, 60,000-mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ F150 2WD Ford  $20,345 MSRP  10 mpg city, 14 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.4L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Raider Pickup 2WD Mitsubishi  $20,665 MSRP  9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 4.7L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ 20 Ethanol
  • 20. Suburban LTZ 1500 4WD Chevrolet  $52,155 MSRP  10 mpg city, 15 mpg highway (E85)  14 mpg city, 20 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.3L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★  4x4 also available Titan 2WD Nissan  $26,150 MSRP  9 mpg city, 13 mpg highway (E85)  13 mpg city, 18 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.6L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ Express 1500 Passenger Van 2WD Chevrolet Savana 1500 Passenger Van 2WD GMC  $28,790 MSRP  9 mpg city, 12 mpg highway (E85)  12 mpg city, 16 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 5.3L engine  5-yr, 100,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ ★ ★ E-Series E150 Van Ford  $25,060 MSRP  N/A mpg city, N/A mpg highway (E85)  15 mpg city, 19 mpg highway (gasoline)  V8, FFV, 4.6L engine  5-yr, 60,000 mile powertrain warranty  Emissions: ★ ★ Ethanol 21
  • 21. Biodiesel Grand Cherokee Overland 2WD Jeep Biodiesel is a clean, renewable American fuel.  $40,610 MSRP  18 mpg city/23 mpg highway Biodiesel is a renewable fuel  Approved for B5 use produced from a wide range of  V6 3.0L engine diesel/biodiesel optional engine vegetable oils and animal fats. Pure biodiesel is labeled B100, but  Unlimited years/miles warranty (transferable) consumers typically buy biodiesel blends ranging from B2 (2% biod- iesel, 98% petroleum diesel) to B20 (20% biodiesel, 80% petroleum diesel). In 2008 ASTM published a new standard (D7467-08) for biodiesel blends ranging from B6 to B20. Many retailers offer B20 because it performs well—even in cold weather and in older engines. Biodiesel is different from plain vegetable oil. Biodiesel is made by refining any fat or oil (such as soybean oil) using a catalyst to react the oil with an alcohol to remove glycerin. Biodiesel (B100) must be produced to strict specifi- cations (ASTM D6751) to ensure proper performance. Unprocessed vegetable oil has differ- ent chemical properties than biodiesel, and engine manufacturers do not recommend its use in diesel engines. Biodiesel is good for your vehicle and the environment. Almost 5 million diesel cars, pickups, and SUVs are on U.S. roads today, and the number is expected to grow rapidly. Diesel vehicles typically get about 20% to 30% more miles per gallon than a comparable gasoline engine. Biodiesel performs much like petroleum diesel in most engines. It reduces engine wear and cleans out deposits to help engines run more efficiently. It also significantly curbs most tailpipe emissions and reduces greenhouse gases. 22 Biodiesel
  • 22. Ram 2500/3500 4WD Quad Cab Dodge  $47,425 MSRP  12 mpg city, 17 mpg highway  Approved for B20 use  I-6 6.7L Turbo Diesel  Unlimited years/miles warranty (transferable) Grand Cherokee Overland 2WD Jeep  $40,610 MSRP  18 mpg city/23 mpg highway  Approved for B5 use  V6 3.0L engine diesel/biodiesel optional engine  Unlimited years/miles warranty (transferable) F-250 Super Duty Crew Cab 4WD Ford  $44,235 MSRP  12 mpg city, 16 mpg highway  Approved for B5 use  V8, 6.4L Turbo Diesel  5 yr, 100,000-mile powertrain warranty Silverado 2500 HD 2WD Chevrolet  $32,640 MSRP  13 mpg city, 18 mpg highway  Approved for B5 use; B20 approved with Special Equipment Option  V8 6.6L Turbo Diesel  5 yr, 60,000-mile powertrain warranty Biodiesel 23
  • 23. Exciting Vehicles On Chevrolet Volt the Horizon Automotive technology is advancing rapidly. Vehicles that were talked about only a few years ago are now involved in real-world testing and will soon be appearing in showrooms. High-Speed, Advanced All-Electric Cars Original equipment manufacturers including Chrysler and Nissan, as well as several NEV manufacturers such as Miles, ZAP, ZENN, and Phoenix Motorcars, expect to produce zero- emission all-electric vehicles that can travel at highway speeds up to 80 mph by 2011. Look for all-electric cars to be smaller sedans or sports cars with a range of 150 to 200 miles. Recharging will be via a standard 110-volt wall outlet. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) combine electric power for 40 miles of operation with a liquid fuel option to take you farther than the all-electric limited range and allow time for recharging. Operating on a combination of electric power and fuel (gasoline, diesel, or ethanol), PHEVs are a follow-on to available hybrid electrics like the Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape Hybrid. It is expected that battery tech- nologies and all-electric driving ranges will vary significant- ly among PHEV models. PHEVs are not yet in production but several manufacturers have announced their intention to introduce production PHEV automobiles in the 2010-2011 time frame. 24 On the Horizon
  • 24. For those who don’t want to wait for PHEVs to hit the market, services are available to convert production-model hybrid vehicles to plug-ins. Most PHEVs on U.S. roads are conversions of 2004 or later Toyota Prius or Ford Escape models, which have had plug- Ford Escape in charging added and their electric-only range extended. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car The interest in hydrogen as an alternative transportation fuel stems from its clean-burning qualities, its potential for domestic production, and the fuel cell vehicle’s potential for high efficiency, which can be two to three times more than gasoline vehicles. Honda rolled out its FCX Clarity in 2008 and leased 200 vehicles for three years to drivers in Southern California to collect real-world driving data. Honda’s fuel cell vehicle is powered by a motor running on electricity generated by a hydrogen-powered fuel cell stack. The compact, high-efficiency lithium-ion battery pack is used as a supplemental power source capturing lost energy during deceleration and braking. The ultimate viability of a fuel cell fleet will be based on the vehicle’s ability to efficiently use and economically produce and store hydrogen fuel and the willingness of car owners to fuel with hydrogen. Honda FCX Clarity On the Horizon 25
  • 25. Fuel Conservation Most of this guide focuses on new vehicles that use more efficient technologies or alternative fuels. But whether or not you are buying a new car, there are many ways to save money and fuel—by making your vehicle operate more ef- ficiently and making choices that reduce your need to drive. Consider the following fuel saving suggestions. Reduce miles traveled. The most obvious way to conserve fuel is to reduce the miles you drive. Many commuters opt for public transit to save money and reduce driving stress. Car or van pools are another alternative for people on a regu- lar work schedule. Many communities offer van-pool match- ing programs or support to help people get them started. Telecommuting is another possibility. Many companies as well as municipal and state governments offer employees the op- portunity to work from home for at least part of the week. 26 Fuel Conservation
  • 26. Adopt good driving habits. Jack-rabbit starts, hard braking, aggressive, high-speed driving, and excessive idling all waste fuel. By accelerating gradually, easing into traffic, and trimming five miles per hour from your speed, you can save fuel. Calculate your miles-per-gallon based on your current driving habits, and then make some changes. Reduce your highway driving speed to 60 mph, accelerate gradually from stops, and avoid hard braking. Reduce idling as much as possible. When you anticipate waiting for more than a minute, turn off your engine if it’s safe to do so. Compare your mileage after one tank and you will see that more moder- ate driving habits can pay real dividends. Use fuel saving techniques with your vehicle. Around town, turn your air conditioner off and roll down the windows. At speeds of 40 mph or more, roll up your windows and turn on the air condi- tioner or use the fan. Use four-wheel drive only when necessary. Engaging all four wheels makes the engine work harder and increases crankcase losses. Inflate your tires to the recommended pressure. Remind yourself to check tire pressure at least once per month. Fuel Conservation 27
  • 27. EPA Fuel Economy Estimates EPA estimate methods now provide a more accurate prediction of real-world fuel economy. In 2008, EPA revised its methods for estimating miles per gal- lon to better represent current real-world driving conditions. City and highway estimates now account for more aggressive driving (higher speeds and faster acceleration), air condi- tioner use, and cold-temper- ature operation. A combined fuel economy number is also displayed on the window sticker indicating a miles- per-gallon average for the vehicle and the estimated annual fuel cost based on 15,000 miles and an average dollar amount per gallon of E85 and unleaded gasoline. The city estimate is based on urban driving in which a vehicle is parked all night, started in the morning, and driven in stop-and-go traffic. The highway estimate represents a mixture of free-flowing rural and interstate highway driving in a warmed-up vehicle typi- cal of longer trips. Your mileage will vary. The test methods cause miles-per-gallon estimates for both 2008 and 2009 year vehicles to be noticeably lower, though more realistic, than those for previous years. This makes it difficult to directly compare 2009 model year vehicles with older models. However, a tool for fuel efficiency comparisons is available at www.fueleconomy.gov. Even with improved test methods, your vehicle’s fuel econo- my will likely vary because conditions differ based on where you drive, how you drive, whether you drive a two-wheel or four-wheel-drive vehicle and other factors. 28 Fuel Economy
  • 28. Notes 29
  • 29. The mission of the Clean Cities Program is to advance the nation’s economic, environmental, and energy security by supporting local decisions to adopt practices that contribute to the reduction of petroleum consumption. Clean Cities carries out this mission through a network of more than 85 volunteer coalitions, which develop public/private partner- ships to promote alternative fuels and vehicles, fuel blends, fuel economy, hybrid vehicles, and idle reduction. To find your local coalition, please visit www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/. Clean Cities Coalitions Winnipeg Puget Sound Red River Valley Capital District Columbia-Willamette Central New York Vermont Maine Twin Cities Genesee Region Granite State Yellowstone-Teton Massachusetts Rogue Valley Treasure Valley Western New York Wisconsin Lansing Detroit Ocean State SE Area New Connecticut* NE Ohio Jersey Long Island Eastern Sierra Iowa Chicago Ann Pittsburgh New York City and Sacramento Regional Northern Colorado Arbor Lower Hudson Valley South Shore East Bay Philadelphia San Joaquin Utah Denver Central Indiana Delaware San Francisco Kansas Clean Silicon Valley Valley City Fuels Ohio West VA State of Maryland Southern Colorado St. Louis Washington DC Las Vegas Commonwealth Hampton Roads Central Coast CC Partnership Antelope Valley SCAG Middle Triangle Los Angeles Western Riverside County Central Tulsa Tennessee Centralina East Long Beach Oklahoma Tennessee Palm Valley of Central Palmetto San Diego Region the Sun Land of Arkansas Atlanta Springs State Enchantment Tucson Middle Dallas/Ft. Worth East Texas Georgia Honolulu Baton Rouge Central Texas SE Texas Southeast Space Coast Alamo Area Louisiana Houston/ Galveston Laredo *Connecticut Clean Cities Include: – Norwich Gold Coast – New Haven DOE Alternative Fuels and – Connecticut Southwestern Area Advanced Vehicles Data Center – Capitol Clean Cities of Connecticut Map Date - 10/03/08 30
  • 30. Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Program For more information contact: EERE Information Center 1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463) www.eere.energy.gov Prepared by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC A Strong Energy Portfolio for a Strong America Energy efficiency and clean, renewable energy will mean a stronger economy, a cleaner environment, and greater energy independence for America. Working with a wide array of state, community, industry, and university partners, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy invests in a diverse portfolio of energy technologies. DOE/GO-102008-2657 • November 2008 Printed with a renewable-source ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% postconsumer waste.