1. Rhetoric (& Penguins)
Nathan Loynes

2. Rhetoric is an ‘appeal’

3. Logos

4. Ethos

5. Pathos

6. Logos

7. Logos may be affected by logical
fallacies

8. Slippery Slope
Argument is made
through momentum;
like falling down a
slippery slope:
“and then…? and
then…? and then…?
There! I told you so!”

9. How did he get to here?!?
How did he get here?!?
? ?
Hasty Generalisation
?
?

10. “I am the
Cause!”
“He was
asleep
anyway!”
Post hoc ergo prompter hoc (sequence equals causality)

11. Genetic Fallacy
What did you expect?
He is from Belgium

12. Begging the claim

13. Circular
Argument

14. Either/or
“It’s black
Or white”
“What
about the
grey,
man?”

15. Ad hominem: attack on the person
(penguin) i.e. insults

16. Ad Populum. Popular association
appeal

17. Red Herring (what’s WITH these
penguins…?)

18. Conclusion
• Rhetoric is employed through a range of
stylistic techniques.
• Logical fallacies occur either accidentally, or
purposively.
• Unspotted logical fallacies can convince us of
an invalid argument, or distract us from the
issue at hand.
[Source: Weida & Stolley, 2013]