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Services and Direct Marketing
1.
WELL COME
TO Services & Direct Marketing Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 1
2.
AGENDA
1 2 Who are you Who I am 3 Introduction to SDM Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 2
3.
Dr.M. Azam Khan
Education: Ph.D. (1994), From USA, MBA. from Holland; Home town: Lahore, (youngest of Five boys) Employment: 25 Years of practical marketing in the field of FMCG with leading National and Multinationals in Pakistan, Central Asian States and Middle east countries. Research: Selling premium price products in low income markets. Favorite Food: All Pakistani dishes Favorite Sport to Watch: Cricket (1st); Hockey(2nd) How to contact me Phone: +92-21-34619310 Cell: 0321-5335323 Email: makchishty@dr.com Office hrs: Sunday to Saturday follow students hours. Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 3
4.
Class room Ethics
•Attendance will be taken at 06:15 Late comer will not be entertained •No Phone Call during the class please . If you are expecting some important call do not take the class , You don’t have the right to disturb others who are busy in study •Second attendance will be taken 5 minutes after the break time Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 4
5.
Semester project report
•You need to develop a new Service •Develop its positioning •Its Placement •Its segment •How to advertise it Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 5
6.
Slide © 2007
by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 6
7.
New Perspectives
on Marketing in the Service Economy Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 7
8.
Overview of Lecture
1 Why Study Services? What are Services? The Marketing Challenges Posed by Services The Expanded Marketing Mix Required for Services Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 8
9.
Why Study Services?
(1) Services dominate economy in most nations Understanding services offers you personal competitive advantages Importance of service sector in economy is growing rapidly: Services account for more than 60 percent of GDP worldwide Almost all economies have a substantial service sector Most new employment is provided by services Strongest growth area for marketing Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 9
10.
Services Dominate the
U.SEconomy (Fig 1.1) Services, 68% Agriculture, Forestry, Mining, F ishing, 2.3% Manufacturing and Construction, 17.3 % Government, 12.4% (mostly Services) Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 10
11.
This is Pakistan
Agriculture 66% Forestry, Mining, Fishing, 4.5% Services, 18% Manufacturing and Construction, 11.5% Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 11
12.
Estimated Size of
Service Sector in Selected Countries (Fig 1.2—updated 10/06) Cayman Islands (95%), Jersey (93%) Bahamas (90%), Bermuda ( 89%) Luxembourg (83%) Panama (80%), USA (79%) Japan (74%), France (73%), U.K. (73%), Canada (71%) Mexico (69%), Australia (68%), Germany (68%) Poland (66%), South Africa (65%) Israel (60%), Russia (58%), S. Korea (56%) Argentina (53%), Brazil (51%) India (48%) China (40%) Saudi Arabia (33%) Services as Percent of GDP 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 12
13.
Value Added by
Service Industry Categories to U.S. GDP in 2010 Other (except government) 3.6% Accommodation and food services 4.0% Arts, entertainment, and recreation 1.5% Healthcare and social assistance 10.4% Educational services 1.3% Professional and business services 17.3% Real estate and rental and leasing 18.7% Finance and insurance 12.6% Information 7.1% Transportation and warehousing 4.4% Retail trade 10.3% Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Wholesale trade 8.9% Survey of Current Business, May 2010, Table 1 Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 13
14.
Some Newer Service
Industries Casino Hotels HMO Medical Centers Continuing Care Retirement Industrial Design Services Communities Investment Banking and Diagnostic Imaging Centers Securities Dealing Diet and Weight Reducing Management Consulting Services Centers Environmental Consulting Satellite Telecommunications Golf Courses, Country Clubs Telemarketing Bureaus Hazardous Waste Collection Temporary Help Services Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 14
15.
Why Study Services?
(2) Most new jobs are generated by services Fastest growth expected in knowledge-based industries Significant training and educational qualifications required, but employees will be more highly compensated Will service jobs lost to lower-cost countries? Yes, some service jobs can be exported Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 15
16.
Why Study Services?
(3) Powerful forces are transforming service markets Government policies, social changes, business trends, advances in IT, internationalization These forces are reshaping Demand Supply The competitive landscape Customers’ choices, power, and decision making Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 16
17.
Transformation of the
Service Economy Social Business Advances in Changes Trends IT Government Globalization Policies New markets and product categories Increase in demand for services More intense competition Innovation in service products & delivery systems, stimulated by better technology Customers have more choices and exercise more power Success hinges on: Understanding customers and competitors Viable business models Creation of value for customers and firm Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 17
18.
Factors Stimulating Transformation
of the Service Economy (1) Social Business Advances in Changes Trends IT Government Globalization Policies Changes in regulations Privatization New rules to protect customers, employees, and the environment New agreement on trade in services Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 18
19.
Factors Stimulating Transformation
of the Service Economy (2) Social Business Advances in Changes Trends IT Government Globalization Policies Rising consumer expectations More affluence More people short of time Increased desire for buying experiences versus things Rising consumer ownership of high tech equipment Easier access to information Immigration Growing but aging population Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 19
20.
Factors Stimulating Transformation
of the Service Economy (3) Social Business Advances in Changes Trends IT Government Globalization Policies Push to increase shareholder value Emphasis on productivity and cost savings Manufacturers add value through service and sell services More strategic alliances and outsourcing Focus on quality and customer satisfaction Growth of franchising Marketing emphasis by nonprofits Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 20
21.
Factors Stimulating Transformation
of the Service Economy (4) Social Business Advances in Changes Trends IT Government Globalization Policies Growth of the Internet Greater bandwidth Compact mobile equipment Wireless networking Faster, more powerful software Digitization of text, graphics, audio, video Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 21
22.
Factors Stimulating Transformation
of the Service Economy (5) Social Business Advances in Changes Trends IT Government Globalization Policies More companies operating on transnational basis Increased international travel International mergers and alliances “Offshoring” of customer service Foreign competitors invade domestic markets Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 22
23.
What Are Services?
(1) The historical view Goes back over 200 years to Adam Smith and Jean-Baptiste Say Different from goods because they are perishable (Smith 1776) Consumption cannot be separated from production, services are intangible (Say 1803) A fresh perspective: Services involve a form of rental, offering benefits without transfer of ownership Include rental of goods Marketing tasks for services differ from those involved in selling goods and transferring ownership Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 23
24.
What Are Services?
(2) Five broad categories within non-ownership framework: 1. Rented goods services 2. Defined space and place rentals 3. Labor and expertise rentals 4. Access to shared physical environments 5. Systems and networks: access and usage Implications of renting versus owning (Service Perspectives 1.1) Markets exist for renting durable goods rather than selling them Renting portions of larger physical entity (e.g., office space, apartment) can form basis for service Customers more closely engaged with service suppliers Time plays central role in most services Customer choice criteria may differ between rentals and outright purchases Services offer opportunities for resource sharing Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 24
25.
Defining Services
Services Are economic activities offered by one party to another Most commonly employ time-based performances to bring about desired results in: ― recipients themselves ― objects or other assets for which purchasers have responsibility In exchange for their money, time, and effort, service customers expect to obtain value from Access to goods, labor, facilities, environments, professional skills, networks, and systems But they do not normally take ownership of any of the physical elements involved Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 25
26.
Service Products versus
Customer Service and After-Sales Service A firm’s market offerings are divided into core product elements and supplementary service elements Is everyone in service? Need to distinguish between: Marketing of services Marketing goods through added-value service Good service increases the value of a core physical good After-sales service is as important as pre-sales service for many physical goods Manufacturing firms are reformulating and enhancing existing added-value services to market them as stand- alone core products Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 26
27.
Services Pose Distinctive
Marketing Challenges Marketing management tasks in the service sector differ from those in the manufacturing sector The eight common differences are: 1. Most service products cannot be inventoried 2. Intangible elements usually dominate value creation 3. Services are often difficult to visualize and understand 4. Customers may be involved in co-production 5. People may be part of the service experience 6. Operational inputs and outputs tend to vary more widely 7. The time factor often assumes great importance 8. Distribution may take place through nonphysical channels What are marketing implications? Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 27
28.
Differences, Implications, and
Marketing-Related Tasks (1) (Table 1.1) Difference Implications Marketing-Related Tasks Most service products Customers may be Use pricing, promotion, and cannot be inventoried turned away reservations to smooth demand; work with ops to manage capacity Intangible elements Harder to evaluate Emphasize physical clues, usually dominate service and distinguish employ metaphors and vivid value creation from competitors images in advertising Services are often Greater risk and Educate customers on difficult to visualize uncertainty perceived making good choices; offer and understand guarantees Customers may be Interaction between Develop user-friendly involved in co- customer and provider; equipment, facilities, and production but poor task execution systems; train customers, could affect satisfaction provide good support Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 28
29.
Differences, Implications, and
Marketing-Related Tasks (2) (Table 1.1) Difference Implications Marketing-Related Tasks People may be part of Behavior of service Recruit, train employees to service experience personnel and customers reinforce service concept can affect satisfaction Shape customer behavior Operational inputs and Hard to maintain quality, Redesign for simplicity and outputs tend to vary consistency, reliability failure proofing more widely Difficult to shield Institute good service customers from failures recovery procedures Time factor often Time is money; Find ways to compete on assumes great customers want service speed of delivery; offer importance at convenient times extended hours Distribution may take Electronic channels or Create user-friendly, place through voice telecommunications secure websites and free nonphysical channels access by telephone Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 29
30.
Value Added by
Physical, Intangible Elements Helps Distinguish Goods and Services (Fig 1.6) Physical Elements High Salt Detergents CD Player Wine Golf Clubs New Car Tailored clothing Plumbing Repair Fast-Food Restaurant Health Club Airline Flight Landscape Maintenance Consulting Life Insurance Internet Banking Low Intangible Elements High Source; Adapted from Lynn Shostack Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 30
31.
Progressive and REI:
Two Types of Website Reflecting Core Product (Fig 1.8) Websites can deliver info-based services like Progressive’s car insurance but … …REI’s camping gear must be delivered through physical channels to customers after they have used the website to make choices, order, and pay Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 31
32.
Services Require
An Expanded Marketing Mix Marketing can be viewed as: A strategic and competitive thrust pursued by top management A set of functional activities performed by line managers A customer-driven orientation for the entire organization Marketing is the only function to bring operating revenues into a business; all other functions are cost centers The “8Ps” of services marketing are needed to create viable strategies for meeting customer needs profitably in a competitive marketplace Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 32
33.
The 8Ps of
Services Marketing Product Elements (Chapter 3) Place and Time (Chapter 4) Price and Other User Outlays (Chapter 5) Promotion and Education (Chapter 6) Process (Chapter 8) Physical Environment (Chapter 10) People (Chapter 11) Productivity and Quality (Chapter 14) Fig 1.9 Working in Unison: The 8Ps of Services Marketing Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 33
34.
The 8Ps of
Services Marketing: (1) Product Elements Embrace all aspects of service performance that create value Core product responds to customer’s primary need Array of supplementary service elements Help customer use core product effectively Add value through useful enhancements Planning marketing mix begins with creating a service concept that: Will offer value to target customers Satisfy their needs better than competing alternatives Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 34
35.
The 8Ps of
Services Marketing: (2) Place and Time Delivery decisions: Where, When, How Geographic locations served Service schedules Physical channels Electronic channels Customer control and convenience Channel partners/intermediaries Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 35
36.
The 8Ps of
Services Marketing: (3) Price and Other User Outlays Marketers must recognize that customer outlays involve more than price paid to seller Traditional pricing tasks: Selling price, discounts, premiums Margins for intermediaries (if any) Credit terms Identify and minimize other costs incurred by users: Additional monetary costs associated with service usage (e.g., travel to service location, parking, phone, babysitting, etc.) Time expenditures, especially waiting Unwanted mental and physical effort Negative sensory experiences Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 36
37.
The 8Ps of
Services Marketing: (4) Promotion and Education Informing, educating, persuading, reminding customers Marketing communication tools Media elements (print, broadcast, outdoor, retail, the Internet, etc.) Personal selling, customer service Sales promotion Publicity/PR Imagery and recognition Branding Corporate design Content Information, advice Persuasive messages Customer education/training Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 37
38.
The 8Ps of
Services Marketing: (5) Process How firm does things may be as important as what it does Customers often actively involved in processes, especially when acting as co-producers of service Process involves choices of method and sequence in service creation and delivery Design of activity flows Number and sequence of actions for customers Nature of customer involvement Role of contact personnel Role of technology, degree of automation Badly designed processes waste time, create poor experiences, and disappoint customers Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 38
39.
The 8Ps of
Services Marketing: (6) Physical Environment Design servicescape and provide tangible evidence of service performances Create and maintain physical appearances Buildings/landscaping Interior design/furnishings Vehicles/equipment Staff grooming/clothing Sounds and smells Other tangibles Manage physical cues carefully— can have profound impact on customer impressions Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 39
40.
The 8Ps of
Services Marketing: (7) People Interactions between customers and contact personnel strongly influence customer perceptions of service quality The right customer-contact employees performing tasks well Job design Recruiting Training Motivation The right customers for firm’s mission Contribute positively to experience of other customers Possess—or can be trained to have— needed skills (co-production) Can shape customer roles and manage customer behavior Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 40
41.
The 8Ps of
Services Marketing: (8) Productivity and Quality Productivity and quality must work hand in hand Improving productivity key to reducing costs Improving and maintaining quality essential for building customer satisfaction and loyalty Ideally, strategies should be sought to improve both productivity and quality simultaneously—technology often the key Technology-based innovations have potential to create high payoffs But, must be user friendly and deliver valued customer benefits Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 41
42.
Marketing Must Be
Integrated with Other Management Functions (Fig 1.10) Three management functions play central and interrelated roles in meeting needs of service customers Operations Marketing Management Management Customers Human Resources Management Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 42
43.
A Framework For
Developing Effective Service Marketing Strategies: Overview Understanding Customer Needs, Decision Making, and Behavior in Service Encounters Chapter 2 Building the Service Model Part II: Chapters 3-7 Managing the Customer Interface Part III: Chapters 8-11 Implementing Profitable Service Strategies Part IV: Chapters 12-15 Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 43
44.
Framework for Developing
Effective Service Marketing Strategies: Part I I: Understanding Customer Needs, Decision Making, and Behavior in Service Encounters (Chapter 2) Differences among Services Affect Customer Behavior Three-Stage Model of Service Consumption Prepurchase Stage: Service Encounter Stage: Search, evaluation of Role in high-contact vs. alternatives, decision low-contact delivery Post-Encounter Stage: Evaluation against expectations, future intentions Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 44
45.
Framework for Developing
Effective Service Marketing Strategies: Part II Building The Service Model Part II: Chapters 3-7 The Value Proposition Develop service concept: core Select physical & electronic & supplementary elements channels for service delivery Value Exchange Set prices with reference to costs, competition & value The Business Model Educate customers & Position the value proposition promote the value proposition against competing alternatives Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 45
46.
Framework for Developing
Effective Service Marketing Strategies: Part III III: Managing the Customer Interface (Chapters 8-11) Design and manage Balance demand against service processes productivity capacity Plan the service environment Manage service employees for competitive advantage Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 46
47.
Framework for Developing
Effective Service Marketing Strategies: Part IV IV: Implementing Profitable Service Strategies (Chapters 12-15) Create customer relationship Plan for service recovery and and build loyalty create customer feedback systems Continuously improve service quality and productivity Organize for change management and service leadership Slide © 2007 by Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz Services Marketing 6/E Chapter 1 - 47
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