2. Learning objectives
• Define an objective and distinguish it from a
goal and target
• Develop objectives for a malaria control or
elimination program
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3. 1. Situation analysis
2. Stratification of the problem and
resources
Impact on disease
Objectives 3. Selection of anti-malarial
1. Process outcome
measures
2. Target achievement
4. Formulation of objectives and
1. Operational stratification approaches
1. Preventive services
2. Organizational structure Outcome 5. Critical analysis of existing
2. Curative services
3. Intervention measures by malaria control problems
3. Epidemiological monitoring
stratum 6. Setting operational outputs and
4. Operational monitoring
4. Training schedule targets
5. Epidemic control
5. Supervision 7. Program budgeting
Implementation 8. Selection and definition of
6. Health education
7. Management of resources evaluation methods
8. Information system
9. Operational research
Implementation plan
Planning
1. National economic and
development plan
2. National health development
plan Policy
3. Health for all policy
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4. Introduction
• What need to be implemented/achieved
• National goal in most African countries “the
reduction in malaria related mortality and
morbidity to a level at which malaria is no
longer a major public health problem”
• Achieving this goal my require many
successive five years plan
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5. Definitions - Goal
• A goal is an aspiration towards which the
program moves. Goals are not limited by time
and resource availability; they are conceivable
but not necessarily achievable e.g. sustain
reduction of malaria burden in Africa
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6. Definitions - Objective
• An objective is a measurable and accessible
state that is expected to be achieved as a
direct result of the implementation of specific
approaches and use of allotted resources
• Objective must be SMART
– S – Specific
– M – Measurable
– A – Attainable
– R – Relevant / Realistic
– T – Time bounded
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7. Definitions - Objective cont.
• Example:
– The reduction of malaria mortality by 20% among
children less than 5 years of age by 2014
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8. Definitions – Target
• Related to the quality and quantity of
activities
• The time frame is usually annual
• Make it possible to measure level of health
worker performance, services and resources
required and monitor them
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9. Definitions – Target cont.
• Example:
– by the end of 2005, 90% of children less than 5
years of age diagnosed with malaria in health
facility will have received treatment in accordance
with the national policy
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10. Process of developing objectives
• A well defined objective should include:
– Time frame
– The aspect of disease problem that will be
impacted
– The magnitude of the change
– The population and locality in which the change
will be effected
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11. Process of developing objectives cont.
• Objectives should be judicious, convenient and
ethical
– Identify specific high risk group
– Specific strata and geographical location
– Different objectives for various strata
– Realistic within the program capacity
– Acceptable and understandable
– Relevant to priorities and policies
– Explicit deadline
– Accepted by all partners
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12. Quantification of objectives
• Requires consideration of:
– Present malaria situation
– Results of past actions
– Experiences in other similar places
– Available resources
– Potential partners to support meeting objectives
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13. Quantification of objectives cont.
• Analyze and re-examine the results of
previous actions in the light of:
– Decision makers expectation at the national level
– Current national economic development plans
– Planned transformations in health services
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14. Quantification of objectives cont.
• Technicality VS. politics
• Periodic review of objectives
• Cost of measuring some important variable
• Proxy indicators
• Objectives must be established in term of general
improvement of the health situation in a defined
region
• Maintenance of the expected results at
reasonable cost beyond the planning period
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15. Summary
• Select an aspect of the disease problem
• The selected aspect must be measurable
• List of indicators
• Difficult to measure – proxy indicators
• Setting-up an evaluation system
• At the end of planning period - review of the
objectives
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16. Learning objectives
• Define an objective and distinguish it from a
goal and target
• Develop objectives for a malaria control or
elimination program
3/11/2013 16
