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What´s New with Linux
on System z

Richard Lewis               Ihno Krumreich
Senior IT Consultant, IBM   Project Manager for SUSE Linux
                                                       ®




rflewis@us.ibm.com          Enterprise for System z, Novell, Inc.
                            ihno@novell.com
Agenda

       High-end server

       IBM and Novell                     ®




       Development overview and enterprise virtualization

       Future Linux on System z technologies

       SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
                        ®




       Unique tools for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
                                              ®



       for System z

       Customer references
2   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Why High-end Servers?

        Utilization on x86 Systems                    Mixed Utilization on IBM
                                                          High End Servers
                     Peak 3 Servers

                      Peak 3 Servers


    Peak 3 Servers

            Peak 3 Servers


                    Peak 3 Servers




                                                                                              e gat necr e P no t azilit Ur oss ec or P
                                             IBM High End Server: Up to 100% Utilization
                                                 30
                                                 00
                                                 00
                                                 30
                                                 00



                                                 30

                                             10 5
                                             11 5




                                             17 5
                                             19 5
                                             13 5
                                             14 5
                                             16 5



                                             20 5
                                             22 5
                                             23 5
                                                  5
                                                 4
                                               :1
                                               :4
                                               :1
                                               :4
                                               :1
                                               :4
                                               :1
                                               :4
                                               :1
                                               :4
                                              4:
                                              6:
                                              0:
                                              1:
                                              3:



                                              7:
                                              8:
    According to a study by Gartner, data    –   Highly virtualized and shared resources
    centers that do not use virtualization




                                                                                                               i
    dave an average server CPU utilization   –   Fewer servers, less power, cooling & admin
    rate of only 15%.                        –   Optimized use of SW assets
3   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Why Companies Use IBM System z
    •   Designed to run mixed operating systems and applications at
        very high utilization
    •   Highest degrees of efficiency, availability, workload management
        and security
    •   Cost efficient use of floor space, power, cooling
    •   Designed and implemented for zero downtime
    •   Mature and tested operational procedures to cope with exceptions
    •   Comprehensive automation
    •   No single points of failure




        Total Cost
        of Ownership                      Virtualization   Perfomance   Reliability

4   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
IBM and Novell                               ®


    Real Linux Solutions Across the Enterprise

    IBM and Novell, a long term alliance for success providing the advantages
    of Linux, comprehensive services, technology leadership, and global reach

    A long-term strategic alliance across the IBM product portfolio:

            Hardware: System z, Power Systems, System x
            Software: Information Management, Tivoli, Websphere,
                                      Lotus, Rational

            Services: Integrated, one-stop-shop support for hardware and OS
    Cooperation and teaming at all levels:
           •   Executive leadership and oversight       •   Sales teaming
           •   Product/solution development             •   Sales/solution enablement
               and support
                                                        •   Business partners
           •   Co-marketing
5   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
10 Years of Enterprise Linux on System z
    A Simple Idea that Changed the World




    “In all our years running zSeries, Baldor has never experienced an
    outage. The fast internal connections enable sub-second response,
    and maintenance and licence costs are significantly lower than running
    multiple servers.”
                                                  - Mark Shackelford, Baldor

6   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
                       ®


    10 years on the Mainframe




    The first deployments on Linux for the mainframe were file and print servers.
    The first piece of software that became popular was Samba.
    The first large commercial customer for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for S/390
    was Telia, the largest telecommunications company in Sweden.
    Today, companies are running their mission-critical workloads on top of SUSE
    Linux Enterprise Server for System z.

7   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Five Years Ahead of Competition
    System z Historic Milestones

    1999       SUSE and IBM started engineering cooperation; since then IBM engineers and SUSE / Novell
                        ®                                                                                      ®



               engineers cooperate very tightly on the basis of an excellent relationship.
    2000       First SUSE Linux Enterprise Server launched for IBM Mainframes
    2001       SUSE and IBM base their cooperation on a formal agreement for the delivery of SUSE Linux
               Enterprise Server for IBM’s hardware architectures and worldwide support.
    2002       SAP certified SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z; first customer deployments followed
               in the same year.
    2003       SUSE Linux Enterprise Server achieved Common Criteria certification for all supported IBM
               architectures (upto EAL4+ level)
    2004       From 2000 until 2004, IBM‘s Linux Impact Teams and SUSE LINUX closesly collaborated as a project
               team, to counsel our customers with the maximum expertise for their Linux on Mainframe business
    2005       Novell and IBM entered into a formal global strategic alliance

    2006       Novell launches the 5th generation of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for IBM system z, now including
               a Starter System that makes POCs and evaluations much easier
    2007       With massive investments into ISV enablement, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server becomes the Linux
               application leader, with the broadest software support of any Linux distribution. In addition, IBM and
    2008       Novell work together to bring new workloads to the mainframe, such as .NET based applications
               running on Novell‘s Mono runtime environment.
    Today With a 80+ percent marketshare, Novell continues as the #1 Enterprise Linux for IBM Mainframes


8   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
What are Clients Consolidating to
     Linux on System z?
                                                        2009            2008
    80

    70

    60

    50

    40


    30

    20

    10

     0
               Web App Server     Data Servering        eCommerce         E-mail Server      Firewall             Other
         Web Server   Development Systems        Bi App     Core Enterprise App Workgroup System     Network Server


9   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
The IBM Enterprise Linux Server (ELS):
      “The Best of Two Worlds”

     Under the Covers Front View                         Linux
                                             Internal      •   Reliable, stable, secure
                                             Battery       •   Large selection of applications
           Power                            (optional)         middleware and tooling from IBM,
          Supplies                                             ISV’s and Open Source
                                                           •   Available from multiple distributors
                                           2 x Support
                                            Elements
                                                           •   Evolves rapidly to meet
      Memory                                                   business challenges
      and CPU                                              •   Plentiful availability of skilled
                                                               administrators and developers

                                                         Enterprise Linux Server
                                                           • Legendary dependability
                                                           • Designed for multiple diverse

                                                             highly scalable – up or out
                                                           • Rich security features


                                                           • Proven high volume data acquisition

                                                             and management
          4 x I/O                                          • Advanced virtualization capabilities
         Drawers
10   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Running SUSE Linux Enterprise     ®



         Server on System z Hardware
         Consolidate More and Spend Less with IBM System z

     •   x86 virtualization solutions have some hidden and
         some not-so-hidden issues
          –   Physical server sprawl is needed to scale a virtualized x86
              environment – typically with linear, per-machine pricing
          –   x86 virtual machine sprawl can be difficult to manage,
              causing operational complexity
          –   Ineffective capacity planning can result in failure to meet
              service level agreements
          –   Limited core-to-core consolidation ratios and virtual machine
              mobility requirements can lead to costly software fees
          –   x86 systems do not have a heritage of robust security support
          –   Duplication of hardware and is needed for disaster recovery
11   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Running SUSE Linux Enterprise     ®



         Server on System z Hardware
         Consolidate More and Spend Less with IBM System z

     •   Enterprise Linux Server provides a superior scale-up
         system architecture for scale-out x86 applications

          –   Dynamically expand your system “on demand” – add
              capacity when you need it, not any sooner, not any later

          –   Enjoy superior operational capabilities for greater levels of
              command and control

          –   Total Cost of Ownership economics favor server virtualization
              on ELS, especially when factoring in disaster recovery and
              server technology refreshes

12   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Scalability Heavily Depends on the
     Capabilities of Your Hypervisor




                                           Hyper-V   x86 Hypervisor

                                                                      z/VM




13   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
High Core-to-Core Ratios for Consolidations from
     Distributed IT-Environments to Linux on System z

     Real customer examples with real workloads!
       Industry                            Distributed            IBM System z10™                Core-to-Core
                                             Cores                     Cores                        Ratio*
       Public                                 292                          5                        58 to 1
       Banking                                111                          4                        27 to 1
       Finance                                442                         16                        27 to 1
       Banking                                131                          5                        26 to 1
       Insurance                              350                         15                        23 to 1
       Insurance                              500+                        22                        22 to 1
       Banking                                 63                          3                        21 to 1
       Finance                                854                         53                        16 to 1
       Health care                            144                         14                        10 to 1
       Transportation                          84                          9                         9 to 1
       Insurance                               7                           1                         7 to 1


     * Client results will vary based on each specific customer environment including types of workloads,
     utilization levels, target consolidation hardware, and other implementation requirements.
14   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Development Overview
and z/VM Enterprise Virtualization
SUSE Linux Enterprise ®


     Development Process

                                   Kernel               Xen            Apache          CUPS             ...


            Various open                            Rapidly growing in number of           Isolated, project
            source projects                         projects and their capabilities        focused efforts



                                   openSUSE  ®        openSUSE         openSUSE       openSUSE       openSUSE
                                      11.0              11.1            11.2            x.x             x.x

            Linux for                             Technical previews       Rich package       Coordinated
            enthusiasts and                       and leading-edge         set                project and
            individual end users                  applications                                integration


                                                 SUSE Linux Enterprise

            Hardened, Secure,                       Certified for leading hardware            10-year support
            Supported                               and software platforms                    guarantee


16   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Build Service Advantage

       Open Source                    Package            Build Service     Quality Testing   Enterprise-
       Projects                       Selection and                                          Class Softw are
                                      Integration
                                                                 x86            Feature
                                                                                 Test
                                                          AMD64/Intel64
                                                                                Manual
                                                                               Regression
                                                                                               SUSE Linux
                                                                 Itanium
                                                                                                     ®



                                                                                                Enterprise
                                                                               Automated
                                                                               Regression
                                                                POWER
                                                                               Novell  ®



                                                               System z      System Test




                                                Contribution




17   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
IBM Linux on System z Development

     IBM Linux on System z development contributes in the following areas: Kernel,
     s390-tools, Open Source Tools (e.g. eclipse, ooprofile), GCC, GLIBC, Binutils


                                                             Upstream
                                                             Kernel



        Developer Works
        Website                                                  Community




                                           Customer
18   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Structure of Linux on System z

     Many Linux software packages did not require any code change
     to run on Linux on System z
          •   A small amount of packages has a architecture specific backend
          •   The biggest part of those are inline-assembly functions
          •   Linux is not emulated. It runs as a complete native operating system, like
              other operating systems, at full speed using mainframe processor instructions.



     Package           L ines of Code                  System z Code Percentage
     Linux Kernel 2.6.25 9400000                            170000      1.81
     gcc 4.1                7200000                         20000       0.28
     gdb                    3200000                         13000       0.41
     G libc 2.5             2500000                         13658       0.55
     binutils 2.17          2800000                         12000       0.43
     strace 4.5.15           90000                           3000       3.33
19   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Structure of Linux on System z


                                                       Linux Applications
        Backend




                              Linux Kernel                GNU Runtime Environment        Backend

                              Architecture
                              Independent                           Network Protocols   File Systems
                              Code
        GNU Complier Suite




                                          Memory        Process
                                        Management     Management         Generic Drivers

                             System z Dependent Code                HW Dependent Drivers

                                  Section z Instruction Set and I/O Hardware


20   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sample Linux-on-z/VM IFL Configuration


        IBM System z Server                                                              “Inside the
                                                                                         box”virtual
                                                             Production     Dev / Test   networking
                                                              Systems       Systems


                                                                                         z/VM and most
                                                               Linux             Linux
                                                                                         Linux software
                                                                                         fees are priced
                 z/OS               z/OS           z/OS                   z/VM
                                                                                         on real CPU
               LPAR1               LPAR2          LPAR3                 LPAR4            capacity...

              CP1      CP2       CP3       CP4   CP5   CP6       IFL1     IFL2    IFL3




     IFL processors                                               ...a potential source of cost
     have no impacton                                             savings given z/VM’s ability
     z/OS license fees                                            to overcommit CPU capacity

21   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Linux-on-z/VM and Resource Overcommitment
     A Key Aspect of Cost Savings When Running Linux on System z


     A fundamental strength of z/VM is its ability to over-commit system resources:
     “Do more with less”
     Users can host an environment that consumes considerably more CPU and
     memory, in aggregate, than what is configured in the z/VM LPAR
             This can translate into cost savings for hardware and software
             Consider a Linux-on-z/VM environment with a 25-to-1 overcommitment of CPU capacity:

                                           Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux
                                                                                                                         Virtual CPUs
                                           Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux

       Software licensed                                                                                                 Virtual CPUs

       for two real CPUs                   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux
                                                                                                                         Virtual CPUs
          can run on 50                    Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux
         virtual CPUs in                                                                                                 Virtual CPUs
           this example                    Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux Linux   Linux   Linux   Linux

                                                                                                                         Virtual CPUs
                                                                             z/VM
                                                                                                 Real CPUs

22   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
z/VM: Memory Capabilities

                                                                                                                     Linux B
                z/VM                                                         Linux A                                 mem=xxxx
           Expanded Storage                                                  mem=xxxx   Shared Memory
                                                                                             vi
            Virtual         Virtual                                                         bash
             Disk            Disk


           Linux           Linux                                                                Linux
           Guest           Guest                                                         Linux    B
                                                                                           A    Guest
        z/VM Central Storage
                                                                                         Guest Storage
                                                                                        Storage
                 z/VM Page                                                                Linux NSS
                   Space                                                         0 MB
                                   •   z/VM Memory Concepts                                  •   Shared Memory
                                           •   Over commitment – paging is expected               •   Named Saved System (NSS)
                                                •   ROT Production : 1.5-3 : 1
                                                                                                       •   Use a common Linux kernel in memory
                                                •   ROT Non-prod:       4+ : 1
                                                                                                  •   Execute-In-Place File System
                                           •   Cooperative Memory Management
                                                                                                       •   Shared in-memory filesystem
                                           •   Collaborative Memory Management                         •   z/VM 5.4 – Up to 512 GB virtual address.
                                                                                                           Upstream in Linux kernel
                                           •   Virtual Disk (VDISK) for Linux paging


23   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Future Linux on System z Technologies
Linux on System z Specific Kernel Extensions

             14000




             12000




             10000




               8000
                                                                                                                                          All
                                                                                                                                          s390
               6000




               4000
                250

                200

                150
               2000
                100

                 50
                  0
                  0
                  2.6.18   2.6.19   2.6.20   2.6.21   2.6.22   2.6.23   2.6.24   2.6.25   2.6.26   2.6.27   2.6.28 2.6.29 2.6.30 2.6.31
                  2.6.18   2.6.19   2.6.20   2.6.21   2.6.22   2.6.23   2.6.24   2.6.25   2.6.26   2.6.27   2.6.28 2.6.29 2.6.30 2.6.31

25   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Advanced Virtualization

     Dynamic Memory Add/Remove (kernel 2.6.27)
          –   Enable to attach and use standby memory that is configured
              for a logical partition or z/VM guest.
          –   Memory Attach and Detach requires running Linux on System z as
              a VM-guest requires z/VM 5.4 plus the PTF for APAR VM64524.
     Suspend / Resume (kernel 2.6.31)
          –   With suspend and resume support, you can stop a running Linux
              on System z instance and later continue operations.
          –   When Linux is suspended, data is written to a swap partition. The
              resume process uses this data to make Linux continue from where
              it left off when it was suspended.
          –   A suspended Linux instance does not require memory or
              processor cycles.
26   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Storage Support

     DASD Large Volume Support (> kernel 2.6.29)
          –   Large Volume Support is a feature that allows to use ECKD devices with more than
              65520 cylinders. This features is available with DS8000 R4.0

     High Performance FICON (HPF) (kernel 2.6.29)
          –   Added HPF support to the DASD Device Driver
          –   HPF is an extension to the FICON architecture and is designed to improve the execution
              of small block I/O requests.
          –   HPF streamlines the FICON architecture and reduces the overhead on the channel
              processors, control unit ports, switch ports, and links by improving the way channel
              programs are written and processed.

     I/O Configuration Support (kernel 2.6.27)
          –   Adds the infrastructure to allow Linux system to change the I/O configuration of a
              System z system.
          –   Operations are addition, removal and reconfiguration/reassignment of I/O channels,
              control units and subchannels.
          –   This support is available only when running Linux on System z in an LPAR.

27   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Usability and Serviceability

     Automatic IPL After Dump (kernel 2.6.30)
          –   Extension to the shutdown action interface which combines the actions dump and re-ipl, first a dump is
              taken, then a re-ipl of the system is triggered

     Compiler Improvements (gcc 4.3.3 / 4.4.1 – 2009-05-08)
          –   The latest compiler enhancements allow a customer to recompile existing applications which can be
              optimized for the latest hardware generation without any changes to the source code.
          –   When the -march=z10 option is specified, GCC makes use of the z10 instruction extension facility to
              generate faster executables which are limited to run on a z10 or higher.

     Call Home Data on Halt and Panic if Running in LPAR (2.6.32)
          –   This feature allows to build a kernel that automatically reports a problem when Linux experiences a kernel
              panic, using the Call Home function to send automatically collected problem data to the IBM service
              organization through the Service Element (if that is set up and configured appropriately).
          –   Note that this feature can only be used when running Linux on System z in LPAR.

     Extra Kernel Parameter for SCSI IPL
          –   When booting from a SCSI boot device, you can now specify kernel parameters in addition to the existing
              kernel parameters that are used by your boot configuration. To specify kernel parameters, use the
              SCPDATA option of the CP LOADDEV command or enter kernel parameters in the 'Operating system
              specific load parameters' panel when IPLing a system from the HMC.


28   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Miscellaneous

     qeth: HiperSockets SIGA Retry (2.6.32)
          –   This enhancement allows HiperSockets streaming workload to operate at increased
              performance, avoiding packets to be lost on the receiver side if no empty buffers are
              available. With this feature, qeth re-sends the packet (up to three times) - without
              monopolizing the HiperSockets interface - before the packet is lost.
     STP/ETR Support (kernel 2.6.27)
          –   Support for clock synchronization using the server time protocol (STP) or an
              external time reference (ETR).
     Kernel vdso Support (kernel 2.6.29)
          –   Kernel provided shared library to speed up a few system calls
              (gettimeofday, clock_getres, clock_gettime)
     Ooprofile
          –   Oprofile is an open source tool developed to analyze performance bottlenecks in user
              space and kernel code. Starting with version 0.9.4, Oprofile supports sampling of
              Java byte code applications for Linux on System z
     Eclipse 3.3
          –   Starting with Eclipse 3.3, Linux on System z is officially supported.
29   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
The s390-tools Package

     s390-tools is a Package with a Set of User Space Utilities to
     Be Used with the Linux on System z Distributions.
          –   It is the essential tool chain for Linux on System z
          –   It contains everything from the boot loader to dump related tools for a
              system crash
          –   Analysis .
          –   Version 1.8.2 and 1.8.3 were released in September 2009
     New Feature Include:
          –   Support for device mapper devices has been added to the zipl bootmanager
          –   It is now possible to use the cio_ignore feature to query and modify the
              contents of the CIO device driver blacklist.
          –   A new tool znetconf has been added to list and configure network devices
              for System z network adapters.



30   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
     ®



 New and Enhanced Features in Version 11
New System z Scalability Features
     in Version 11
     Dynamic Add/Remove of CPU and Memory: resources of a Linux guest
     under z/VM can be adjusted while running. A pool of CPUs are dynamically
     given to a Linux guest and used as needed
     Vertical CPU Management: helps get the best performance out of System
     z10 servers by being aware of the server's NUMA characteristics

     Linux CPU Node Affinity: improves performance by scheduling processes
     to the optimal node where the CPU is associated, exploiting the new
     System z10 CPU node topology
     Large Page Support: enables better performance with large memory
     footprints like in Java or database workloads by exploiting new System z10
     large memory pages (1MB)

     Dynamic CPU Hotplug Daemon: allows SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
                                                     ®



     z/VM guest to allocate or free CPU resources depending on workload
     base rules

32   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.             = SLES unique feature
New System z Storage Features
     in Version 11
     Higher Performance Analysis in the Disk Subsystem: gives
     performance analysts the same type of view into SCSI over Fibre
     Channel Protocol that they have with mainframe Direct Access
     Storage Devices (DASD)


     FICON – Hyper PAV Enablement: sustained I/O performance
     improvements exploiting Parallel Access Volume (PAV) support
     for disk storage access, leads to significantly reduced
     configuration efforts as opposed to static PAV setups, system will
     dynamically self optimizing its I/O configuration.




33   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.         = SLES unique feature
New System z Networking Features
     in Version 11
     Enhanced HiperSocket Support: HiperSockets are enhanced to
     support layer-2 functionality, allowing for more sophisticated
     network configurations like Vlan and virtual switches
     AF_IUCV Protocol Support: Use IUCV-communication through a
     socket interface. Improves the close collaboration between SUSE  ®



     Linux Enterprise Server and z/VM in the networking area.




34   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.      = SLES unique feature
New Miscellaneous System z
     Features in Version 11
     Cross Architecture Debugging: System z core dumps can be
     analyzed on x86 systems, negating the need for a duplicate
     System z server
     Provide Linux Process Data into z/VM Monitor Stream: monitor
     the performance of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server or other VM guests
                                           ®



     with performance monitoring tools on z/VM or on Linux. Use own, IBM
     Performance Tool-kit for VM, or third party tools. VMs being monitored
     require agents that write monitor data.
     Exploitation of DCSS above 2GB: ability to have 'objects' residing
     in shared memory that are either > 2G in size, or several objects whose
     aggregate size is >2G. Requires z/VM 5.4. Allows not only more
     capacity but also offers additional flexibility in using shared
     memory segments among VM Systems.



35   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.             = SLES unique feature
Service Pack 3 Features Summary
     SUSE Enterprise Server 10 for System z
                     ®




     •   Update s390-tools to version 1.8.1
     •   2 OSA ports per CHPID support
     •   Selective logging of ECKD DASD devices
     •   Large image dump on DASD (use multiple volumes)
     •   DS8000: large volume support and disk encryption
     •   Crypto hardware enablement
     •   Large random numbers generation
     •   HiperSocket layer 3 support for Ipv6
     ....and many more
     (please consult the release notes for details)
36   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Unique Tools of SUSE Linux
                       ®



Enterprise Server for System z
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
                        ®


     YaST

     •   Unified and Consistent Single Interface to all Systems
         Management Tasks via Modules
          –   Desktop environment independent
          –   Graphical and text mode interfaces
          –   Development platform for 3rd party modules
     •   Configure Every Aspect of the Server
          –   Installation / configuration: partitioning-zfcp and storage, bootloader, timezone
          –   Software management: update, software selection, product creation,
              installation server
          –   User management (local, NIS, LDAP, Kerberos, SMB), sudo
          –   Hardware: DRBD, multipath, DASDs, zfcp, ...
     •   Enhanced YaST Partitioner
     •   CIM Standard Adopted
38   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
                        ®


     Subscription Management Tool Housing

     Subscription and Patch Management Made Easy
          –   A local package proxy tightly integrated with Novell Customer Center(NCC)
                                                                  ®




          –   Included at no cost with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and fully supported
     Benefits
          –   Secure centralized deployment within the firewall
          –   In cooperation with NCC, automatically assigns registration codes
          –   Reduces bandwidth use
          –   Accurately and automatically tracks entitlements
          –   Uses your existing customer interface
     Key Features
          –   Staging of patches
          –   Central deployment
          –   Support of “sneakernet” configurations
          –   Works with new integrated supportability infrastructure
39   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
                        ®


     Package Management Subsystem

     ZYpp: Core of the New Software Management Stack
     ZYpper: Command Line Package Manager
          –   Can manipulate package repositories (like the Build Service)
          –   Can search for packages, install, remove, or update
              packages and more
     libzypp: Software Management Library
          –   Provides all the functionality for a package manager
               >   API for package repository management
               >   API for solving packages, products, patterns and patches (installation,
                   removal, update and distribution upgrade operations) dependencies
               >   API for committing the transaction to the system over a rpm target
               >   API for browsing available and installed software
               >   A suite of maintained solving test cases
40   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
                        ®


     High Availability Extension Included

     Flexible, Policy Driven                     Continuous Data
     Clustering Solution                         Replication
          –   OpenAIS messaging and                 –   Distributed Replicated Block
              membership layer                          Device (DRBD8)
          –   Pacemaker cluster
              resource manager
                                                 User-friendly Tools
                                                    –   Graphical user interface
     Cluster-aware File                             –   Unified command
     System and                                         line interface
     Volume Manager
                                                 Resource Agents
          –   Oracle Cluster File
              System (OCFS2)
                                                 Virtualization-aware
          –   Clustered Logical Volume
              Manager (cLVM2)
41   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.   www.novell.com/products/highavailability
SUSE Linux Enterprise for System z
                          ®


     High Availability Extension Included

                                                                            SLES11 HA Stack
     SLES 10 HA Stack                      New Development
                                               OCFS2                     Yast2-Cluster
             Heartbeat
                                              general FS
                                                 ASSI                      OCFS2
             DRBD 0.7
                                                  CLI                     General FS

             Yast2-HB                         Pacemaker                     DRDB 8

       OCFS2 / EVMS2
                                      +        openAIS                      cLVM2

                                                HA                        HA - GUI             HA
                                           Management-GUI                Management            CLI

                                             Yast2-DRBD                    openAIS         Pacemaker

                                            Yast2-Multipath             Yast2-Multipath   Yast2-DRBD


                              Part of SLES10      New for SLES11   Major new code for SLES11

42   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
                       ®



     Starter System for System z

     Historically, one of the biggest hurdles to implementing Linux on
     the mainframe has been gaining network access to the installation
     media from the mainframe (Installation routine cannot access built-in
     DVD reader, Firewall rule changes needed)
     SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Starter System for System z is a
     pre-built installation server — facilitates installation of SUSE Linux
     Enterprise Server for System z on a z/VM system
     Eliminates the network access hurdle to try out Linux on the
     mainframe — gaining network access to the installation media
     from the mainframe
     Allows customers with little or no Linux or z/VM experience to
     initiate evaluations of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
     http://www.novell.com/partners/ibm/mainframe/starterpack.html

43   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Complete Development Environment for System z
     .NET Applications on Linux: Mono                ®




     Mono                                            Simplified .NET Architecture
       A complete and modern development                 Your Application (C#, others)

       platform for Linux
       The necessary software to develop and        1       Class Library

       run .NET client and server applications
       across platforms on Linux, Solaris,                  Common
       Mac OS X, Windows, and Unix                  2       Language
                                                            Runtime
       An thriving open source project with a
       growing community
                                                    3       Operating
                                                            System

     What Can You Do with Mono?
     Migrate Microsoft .NET desktop and server applications to Linux without
      significant investment in rewriting code
     Target multiple platforms and increase addressable market
     Leverage existing expertise in computer languages for more
     efficient development
44   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.         http://www.mono-project.com/
Customer References
Where to Find More Information
                     Summary
Transzap Boosts Up-time with IBM System z
         For Three 9's Uptime

     Business challenge:
     Transzap offers its customers a comprehensive suite of financial
     software tools. As a small business with tens of billions of dollars   “We intend to deliver a
     in client transactions flowing through their systems each year,        99.9% application uptime
     Transzap needed an economical, reliable platform to provide            guarantee to our customer
     clients with high availability while enabling the capacity to          base, thanks to the
     accommodate growth within their software as a service                  availability characteristics
     business model.                                                        of System z.”
                                                                                 — Peter Flanagan, CEO of
     Solution:                                                                               Transzap, Inc.
     Transzap decided to consolidate on an IBM System z platform to
     provide the stability and scalability needed to accommodate triple
     digit volume growth, enabling them to focus on the business of         Solution components:
     software innovation. Transzap migrated to System z and
     virtualized its critical applications on Linux on System z, a          
                                                                                IBM System z
     platform that supports Transzap's dynamic Java™ and                    
                                                                                SUSE Linux Enterprise
     Oracle environments.                                                       Server for System z
     Benefits:                                                              
                                                                                z/VM®
     
       Helps Transzap to serve more than 69,000 users across
       6,800 companies
     
       Provides higher levels of uptime for their customers
     
       Offers peace of mind through 24x7 world-class hardware support
46   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
EFiS Financial Solutions...
         Resolves Data Center Pain Points and Further Optimizes
         the IT Infrastructure Using the IBM Enterprise Linux Server
     Business need
     The driving business challenge at EFiS was the requirement to reduce cost,        “We chose an IBM Enterprise Linux
     risk and resources while increasing the efficiency and ecology at the same        Server with a System z Business Class
     time. Security requirements, scalability and the need to process huge amounts     configuration, running SUSE Linux
                                                                                       Enterprise Server for System z from
     of transactions while saving cost for software licenses furthermore lead to the
                                                                                       Novell for the high reliability, advanced
     decision to move from various hardware platforms (including x86, IBM eServer      security, extreme scalability and high
     pSeries , SPARC/Solaris and HP) to System z running Linux.
              ®
                                                                                       compute power this solution offers,"
                                                                                       said Ernst Bauer, Chief Operating Officer
                                                                                       at EFiS Financial Solutions AG.
     Solution
     Migrating various servers from different vendors to one IBM System z9 BC          "Another crucial factor for the
     (Linux only machine), EFiS managed to optimize their data center back in          decision to move to this combined
     2008. The fact that fewer server had to be managed, lead to an easier control     solution was the energy and power
     and operation of the existing environment. With the update of the current         savings this offering from IBM and Novell
                                                                                       could provide us.
     production z9 to a z10 based Enterprise Linux Server, EFiS continuous the
     optimization of their IT-infrastructure to the constantly changing business       Together with our implementation partner
     requirements.                                                                     PROFI Engineering Systems AG we were
                                                                                       able to integrate Green IT as an important
                                                                                       part of our strategy.
         Benefits:                                                                     SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for
                                                                                             ®


     •The Continuous optimization of the IT-Infrastructure lead to fewer               System z on an IBM Enterprise Linux
     servers to manage – and to ease the control and operation                         Server Business Class provides us
     •Reduced cost, risk and resources
                                                                                       with optimal resource utilization, while
                                                                                       addressing our critical energy and
     •Recovered data center floor space                                                power costs."
     •Strengthened ability to scale with business growth




47   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
                        ®


     Customer Success




48   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
                        ®


     Resources

     Product Web Page:
     Learn more about features and benefits
     http://www.novell.com/products/systemz

     Promotions: Linux for System z :
     Consolidate and virtualize servers, while leveraging
     efficiencies of Linux, for greater availability and lower TCO
     http://www.novell.com/mainframe

     Starter System for System z
     Simplify Deployment of Linux on the mainframe
     with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
     http://www.novell.com/partners/ibm/mainframe/starterpack.html

     Download SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
     Simplify Deployment of Linux on the mainframe
     with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z
     http://www.novell.com/products/server/eval.html
49   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
                                                                     z
Summary

     Both SLES 10 and SLES 11 exploit legacy and recent IBM
     System z10 hardware and z/VM features

     SLES 10 receives broad ISV support to realize validated
     solution stacks

     SLES 11 offers innovation, integration of recent code updates and
     a wealth of open source building blocks for customized solutions


     Deploy SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z to see
                                    ®



     how it can lower costs, increase reliability and security,
     improve interoperability



50   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Appendix
IBM Enterprise Linux Server and the
     System z Solution Edition for Enterprise Linux
     The Enterprise Linux Server is a System z10 machine configured to run Linux-
     only workloads – it includes the following hardware and software components:
          –   IFL specialty processors (2 to 10 for z10 BC machine; 6 to 64 for z10 EC machine*)
          –   16 GB of memory per IFL (if system configuration permits)
          –   Hardware maintenance for three to five years
          –   z/VM software (base product and all features) with three to five years of subscription and support
                   ®




          –   Minimum of three 4-Port FICON cards and two 4-Port OSA cards
                                               ®




          –   Clients can optionally add more memory and I/O connectivity

     The Solution Edition for Enterprise Linux delivers a similar solution stack that
     users can add to an existing z10 machine:
          –   Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) specialty processors
          –   16 GB of memory per IFL (if system configuration permits)
          –   Hardware maintenance for three to five years
          –   z/VM software (base product and features) with three to five years of subscription and support
          –   Clients can optionally add more memory or I/O connectivity (OSA and FICON cards)

     Acquisition pricing for Solution Edition for Enterprise Linux is marginally more
     expensive than UNIX-system alternatives
          –   But with superior qualities of service and a lower total cost of ownership

52   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.                                              * Entry configuration for EC machine may vary by country.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Consolidation Suite
                        ®



     for System z - IBM SE EL Business Class
     SLE Consolidation Suite for System           SLE Consolidation Suite for System
     z “Business Class” Basic                     z “Business Class” Priority
        2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server         2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for
        for System z Basic subscriptions for 3     System z Priority subscriptions for 3
        years (with the option to activate         years (with the option to activate
        additional 2 IFL subscriptions)            additional 2 IFL subscriptions)
        2x User Access to Novell On-Demand ®       2x User Access to Novell On-Demand
        Training Library “Data Center”, plus 2x    Training Library “Data Center”, plus 2x
        voucher for VUE test center exam           voucher for VUE test center exam
        2x Mono Tools for Visual Studio            2x Mono Tools for Visual Studio
        licenses with 3-year subscriptions         licenses with 3-year subscriptions
        2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Mono           2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Mono
        Extension for System z 3-year              Extension for System z 3-year
        subscriptions                              subscriptions
     $39,795.-                                    $56,322.-




53   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
                                                                                             z
SUSE Linux Enterprise Consolidation Suite
                        ®



     for System z IBM - IBM SE EL Enterprise Class
     SLE Consolidation Suite for System         SLE Consolidation Suite for System
     z “Enterprise Class” Basic                 z “Enterprise Class” Priority
        4 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server        4 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
         for System z Basic subscriptions for       for System z Priority subscriptions
         3 years                                    for 3 years
        2x User Access to Novell On-              2x User Access to Novell On-
         Demand Training Library “Data              Demand Training Library “Data
         Center”, plus 2x voucher for VUE           Center”, plus 2x voucher for VUE
         test center exam                           test center exam
        2x Mono Tools for Visual Studio           2x Mono Tools for Visual Studio
         licenses with 3-year subscriptions         licenses with 3-year subscriptions
        2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Mono          2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Mono
         Extension for System z 3-year              Extension for System z 3-year
         subscriptions                              subscriptions
     $79,999.-                                  $113,053.-



54   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
                                                                                          z
SUSE Linux Enterprise®


     Maintenance and Support Process

             Maintenance                                           Support
                                                                Level 3 support incident
                                                      (level 1/2 support identifies customer problem as level 3)

                                             General availability
     Stage 4:                                                                                      Stage 1:
     Customer implements                                                       Program Temporary Fix (PTF)
     new patch level                                                                 (Level 3 support makes
     (via Novell Customer Center)
                   ®                                                                        PTF available to
                                                                                         customer, enabling
                                           Stage 4           Stage 1                   Continued productive
                                                                                           system utilization)




     Stage 3:                              Stage 3            Stage 2                              Stage 2:
     SUSE Linux Enterprise -                                                             SUSE Linux Enterprise
     certified patch becomes                                                             Engineering develops
     part of the product                                                                     product-compliant
     (Delivery of new                                                                      patch from the PTF
     patch level to customer)


                                                                         (SUSE Linux Enterprise engineering handles
55   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.                                 certification of the patch, quality assurance)
Software Offerings from IBM and ISVs

          Information                WebSphere       Tivoli       Lotus       Rational
          Management
                                                 ®            ®           ®              ®




     Over 500 Linux offerings – see the matrix at: http://www.ibm.com/linux/matrix
     IBM Software for Linux: http://www.ibm.com/software/os/linux/software/


      •            Over 3,000 applications on Linux on z
      •            More than 500 new Linux applications added in 2008
                   (18% growth from 2007)
      •            Over 250 are already added in Q1 & Q2 2009
      •            142 ISVs added to the System z portfolio in 2009
      •            All entries are in the Global Solutions Directory
                   ibm.com/partnerworld/gsd
      •            The last 6 months are kept in:
                   ibm.com/partnerworld/systemz/linux
     IBM provides the necessary technical resources to enable ISV solution
     developers to port commercial applications to support IBM Systems Hardware.
56   © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
Unpublished Work of Novell, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This work is an unpublished work and contains confidential, proprietary, and trade secret information of Novell, Inc.
Access to this work is restricted to Novell employees who have a need to know to perform tasks within the scope
of their assignments. No part of this work may be practiced, performed, copied, distributed, revised, modified,
translated, abridged, condensed, expanded, collected, or adapted without the prior written consent of Novell, Inc.
Any use or exploitation of this work without authorization could subject the perpetrator to criminal and civil liability.


General Disclaimer
This document is not to be construed as a promise by any participating company to develop, deliver, or market a
product. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in
making purchasing decisions. Novell, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents
of this document, and specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any
particular purpose. The development, release, and timing of features or functionality described for Novell products
remains at the sole discretion of Novell. Further, Novell, Inc. reserves the right to revise this document and to
make changes to its content, at any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revisions or
changes. All Novell marks referenced in this presentation are trademarks or registered trademarks of Novell, Inc.
in the United States and other countries. All third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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What's New with Linux on System z

  • 1. What´s New with Linux on System z Richard Lewis Ihno Krumreich Senior IT Consultant, IBM Project Manager for SUSE Linux ® rflewis@us.ibm.com Enterprise for System z, Novell, Inc. ihno@novell.com
  • 2. Agenda High-end server IBM and Novell ® Development overview and enterprise virtualization Future Linux on System z technologies SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z ® Unique tools for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server ® for System z Customer references 2 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 3. Why High-end Servers? Utilization on x86 Systems Mixed Utilization on IBM High End Servers Peak 3 Servers Peak 3 Servers Peak 3 Servers Peak 3 Servers Peak 3 Servers e gat necr e P no t azilit Ur oss ec or P IBM High End Server: Up to 100% Utilization 30 00 00 30 00 30 10 5 11 5 17 5 19 5 13 5 14 5 16 5 20 5 22 5 23 5 5 4 :1 :4 :1 :4 :1 :4 :1 :4 :1 :4 4: 6: 0: 1: 3: 7: 8: According to a study by Gartner, data – Highly virtualized and shared resources centers that do not use virtualization i dave an average server CPU utilization – Fewer servers, less power, cooling & admin rate of only 15%. – Optimized use of SW assets 3 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 4. Why Companies Use IBM System z • Designed to run mixed operating systems and applications at very high utilization • Highest degrees of efficiency, availability, workload management and security • Cost efficient use of floor space, power, cooling • Designed and implemented for zero downtime • Mature and tested operational procedures to cope with exceptions • Comprehensive automation • No single points of failure Total Cost of Ownership Virtualization Perfomance Reliability 4 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 5. IBM and Novell ® Real Linux Solutions Across the Enterprise IBM and Novell, a long term alliance for success providing the advantages of Linux, comprehensive services, technology leadership, and global reach A long-term strategic alliance across the IBM product portfolio: Hardware: System z, Power Systems, System x Software: Information Management, Tivoli, Websphere, Lotus, Rational Services: Integrated, one-stop-shop support for hardware and OS Cooperation and teaming at all levels: • Executive leadership and oversight • Sales teaming • Product/solution development • Sales/solution enablement and support • Business partners • Co-marketing 5 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 6. 10 Years of Enterprise Linux on System z A Simple Idea that Changed the World “In all our years running zSeries, Baldor has never experienced an outage. The fast internal connections enable sub-second response, and maintenance and licence costs are significantly lower than running multiple servers.” - Mark Shackelford, Baldor 6 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 7. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z ® 10 years on the Mainframe The first deployments on Linux for the mainframe were file and print servers. The first piece of software that became popular was Samba. The first large commercial customer for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for S/390 was Telia, the largest telecommunications company in Sweden. Today, companies are running their mission-critical workloads on top of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z. 7 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 8. Five Years Ahead of Competition System z Historic Milestones 1999 SUSE and IBM started engineering cooperation; since then IBM engineers and SUSE / Novell ® ® engineers cooperate very tightly on the basis of an excellent relationship. 2000 First SUSE Linux Enterprise Server launched for IBM Mainframes 2001 SUSE and IBM base their cooperation on a formal agreement for the delivery of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for IBM’s hardware architectures and worldwide support. 2002 SAP certified SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z; first customer deployments followed in the same year. 2003 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server achieved Common Criteria certification for all supported IBM architectures (upto EAL4+ level) 2004 From 2000 until 2004, IBM‘s Linux Impact Teams and SUSE LINUX closesly collaborated as a project team, to counsel our customers with the maximum expertise for their Linux on Mainframe business 2005 Novell and IBM entered into a formal global strategic alliance 2006 Novell launches the 5th generation of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for IBM system z, now including a Starter System that makes POCs and evaluations much easier 2007 With massive investments into ISV enablement, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server becomes the Linux application leader, with the broadest software support of any Linux distribution. In addition, IBM and 2008 Novell work together to bring new workloads to the mainframe, such as .NET based applications running on Novell‘s Mono runtime environment. Today With a 80+ percent marketshare, Novell continues as the #1 Enterprise Linux for IBM Mainframes 8 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 9. What are Clients Consolidating to Linux on System z? 2009 2008 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Web App Server Data Servering eCommerce E-mail Server Firewall Other Web Server Development Systems Bi App Core Enterprise App Workgroup System Network Server 9 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 10. The IBM Enterprise Linux Server (ELS): “The Best of Two Worlds” Under the Covers Front View Linux Internal • Reliable, stable, secure Battery • Large selection of applications Power (optional) middleware and tooling from IBM, Supplies ISV’s and Open Source • Available from multiple distributors 2 x Support Elements • Evolves rapidly to meet Memory business challenges and CPU • Plentiful availability of skilled administrators and developers Enterprise Linux Server • Legendary dependability • Designed for multiple diverse highly scalable – up or out • Rich security features • Proven high volume data acquisition and management 4 x I/O • Advanced virtualization capabilities Drawers 10 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 11. Running SUSE Linux Enterprise ® Server on System z Hardware Consolidate More and Spend Less with IBM System z • x86 virtualization solutions have some hidden and some not-so-hidden issues – Physical server sprawl is needed to scale a virtualized x86 environment – typically with linear, per-machine pricing – x86 virtual machine sprawl can be difficult to manage, causing operational complexity – Ineffective capacity planning can result in failure to meet service level agreements – Limited core-to-core consolidation ratios and virtual machine mobility requirements can lead to costly software fees – x86 systems do not have a heritage of robust security support – Duplication of hardware and is needed for disaster recovery 11 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 12. Running SUSE Linux Enterprise ® Server on System z Hardware Consolidate More and Spend Less with IBM System z • Enterprise Linux Server provides a superior scale-up system architecture for scale-out x86 applications – Dynamically expand your system “on demand” – add capacity when you need it, not any sooner, not any later – Enjoy superior operational capabilities for greater levels of command and control – Total Cost of Ownership economics favor server virtualization on ELS, especially when factoring in disaster recovery and server technology refreshes 12 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 13. Scalability Heavily Depends on the Capabilities of Your Hypervisor Hyper-V x86 Hypervisor z/VM 13 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 14. High Core-to-Core Ratios for Consolidations from Distributed IT-Environments to Linux on System z Real customer examples with real workloads! Industry Distributed IBM System z10™ Core-to-Core Cores Cores Ratio* Public 292 5 58 to 1 Banking 111 4 27 to 1 Finance 442 16 27 to 1 Banking 131 5 26 to 1 Insurance 350 15 23 to 1 Insurance 500+ 22 22 to 1 Banking 63 3 21 to 1 Finance 854 53 16 to 1 Health care 144 14 10 to 1 Transportation 84 9 9 to 1 Insurance 7 1 7 to 1 * Client results will vary based on each specific customer environment including types of workloads, utilization levels, target consolidation hardware, and other implementation requirements. 14 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 15. Development Overview and z/VM Enterprise Virtualization
  • 16. SUSE Linux Enterprise ® Development Process Kernel Xen Apache CUPS ... Various open Rapidly growing in number of Isolated, project source projects projects and their capabilities focused efforts openSUSE ® openSUSE openSUSE openSUSE openSUSE 11.0 11.1 11.2 x.x x.x Linux for Technical previews Rich package Coordinated enthusiasts and and leading-edge set project and individual end users applications integration SUSE Linux Enterprise Hardened, Secure, Certified for leading hardware 10-year support Supported and software platforms guarantee 16 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 17. The Build Service Advantage Open Source Package Build Service Quality Testing Enterprise- Projects Selection and Class Softw are Integration x86 Feature Test AMD64/Intel64 Manual Regression SUSE Linux Itanium ® Enterprise Automated Regression POWER Novell ® System z System Test Contribution 17 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 18. IBM Linux on System z Development IBM Linux on System z development contributes in the following areas: Kernel, s390-tools, Open Source Tools (e.g. eclipse, ooprofile), GCC, GLIBC, Binutils Upstream Kernel Developer Works Website Community Customer 18 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 19. Structure of Linux on System z Many Linux software packages did not require any code change to run on Linux on System z • A small amount of packages has a architecture specific backend • The biggest part of those are inline-assembly functions • Linux is not emulated. It runs as a complete native operating system, like other operating systems, at full speed using mainframe processor instructions. Package L ines of Code System z Code Percentage Linux Kernel 2.6.25 9400000 170000 1.81 gcc 4.1 7200000 20000 0.28 gdb 3200000 13000 0.41 G libc 2.5 2500000 13658 0.55 binutils 2.17 2800000 12000 0.43 strace 4.5.15 90000 3000 3.33 19 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 20. Structure of Linux on System z Linux Applications Backend Linux Kernel GNU Runtime Environment Backend Architecture Independent Network Protocols File Systems Code GNU Complier Suite Memory Process Management Management Generic Drivers System z Dependent Code HW Dependent Drivers Section z Instruction Set and I/O Hardware 20 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 21. Sample Linux-on-z/VM IFL Configuration IBM System z Server “Inside the box”virtual Production Dev / Test networking Systems Systems z/VM and most Linux Linux Linux software fees are priced z/OS z/OS z/OS z/VM on real CPU LPAR1 LPAR2 LPAR3 LPAR4 capacity... CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5 CP6 IFL1 IFL2 IFL3 IFL processors ...a potential source of cost have no impacton savings given z/VM’s ability z/OS license fees to overcommit CPU capacity 21 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 22. Linux-on-z/VM and Resource Overcommitment A Key Aspect of Cost Savings When Running Linux on System z A fundamental strength of z/VM is its ability to over-commit system resources: “Do more with less” Users can host an environment that consumes considerably more CPU and memory, in aggregate, than what is configured in the z/VM LPAR  This can translate into cost savings for hardware and software  Consider a Linux-on-z/VM environment with a 25-to-1 overcommitment of CPU capacity: Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Virtual CPUs Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Software licensed Virtual CPUs for two real CPUs Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Virtual CPUs can run on 50 Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux virtual CPUs in Virtual CPUs this example Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Virtual CPUs z/VM Real CPUs 22 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 23. z/VM: Memory Capabilities Linux B z/VM Linux A mem=xxxx Expanded Storage mem=xxxx Shared Memory vi Virtual Virtual bash Disk Disk Linux Linux Linux Guest Guest Linux B A Guest z/VM Central Storage Guest Storage Storage z/VM Page Linux NSS Space 0 MB • z/VM Memory Concepts • Shared Memory • Over commitment – paging is expected • Named Saved System (NSS) • ROT Production : 1.5-3 : 1 • Use a common Linux kernel in memory • ROT Non-prod: 4+ : 1 • Execute-In-Place File System • Cooperative Memory Management • Shared in-memory filesystem • Collaborative Memory Management • z/VM 5.4 – Up to 512 GB virtual address. Upstream in Linux kernel • Virtual Disk (VDISK) for Linux paging 23 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 24. Future Linux on System z Technologies
  • 25. Linux on System z Specific Kernel Extensions 14000 12000 10000 8000 All s390 6000 4000 250 200 150 2000 100 50 0 0 2.6.18 2.6.19 2.6.20 2.6.21 2.6.22 2.6.23 2.6.24 2.6.25 2.6.26 2.6.27 2.6.28 2.6.29 2.6.30 2.6.31 2.6.18 2.6.19 2.6.20 2.6.21 2.6.22 2.6.23 2.6.24 2.6.25 2.6.26 2.6.27 2.6.28 2.6.29 2.6.30 2.6.31 25 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 26. Advanced Virtualization Dynamic Memory Add/Remove (kernel 2.6.27) – Enable to attach and use standby memory that is configured for a logical partition or z/VM guest. – Memory Attach and Detach requires running Linux on System z as a VM-guest requires z/VM 5.4 plus the PTF for APAR VM64524. Suspend / Resume (kernel 2.6.31) – With suspend and resume support, you can stop a running Linux on System z instance and later continue operations. – When Linux is suspended, data is written to a swap partition. The resume process uses this data to make Linux continue from where it left off when it was suspended. – A suspended Linux instance does not require memory or processor cycles. 26 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 27. Storage Support DASD Large Volume Support (> kernel 2.6.29) – Large Volume Support is a feature that allows to use ECKD devices with more than 65520 cylinders. This features is available with DS8000 R4.0 High Performance FICON (HPF) (kernel 2.6.29) – Added HPF support to the DASD Device Driver – HPF is an extension to the FICON architecture and is designed to improve the execution of small block I/O requests. – HPF streamlines the FICON architecture and reduces the overhead on the channel processors, control unit ports, switch ports, and links by improving the way channel programs are written and processed. I/O Configuration Support (kernel 2.6.27) – Adds the infrastructure to allow Linux system to change the I/O configuration of a System z system. – Operations are addition, removal and reconfiguration/reassignment of I/O channels, control units and subchannels. – This support is available only when running Linux on System z in an LPAR. 27 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 28. Usability and Serviceability Automatic IPL After Dump (kernel 2.6.30) – Extension to the shutdown action interface which combines the actions dump and re-ipl, first a dump is taken, then a re-ipl of the system is triggered Compiler Improvements (gcc 4.3.3 / 4.4.1 – 2009-05-08) – The latest compiler enhancements allow a customer to recompile existing applications which can be optimized for the latest hardware generation without any changes to the source code. – When the -march=z10 option is specified, GCC makes use of the z10 instruction extension facility to generate faster executables which are limited to run on a z10 or higher. Call Home Data on Halt and Panic if Running in LPAR (2.6.32) – This feature allows to build a kernel that automatically reports a problem when Linux experiences a kernel panic, using the Call Home function to send automatically collected problem data to the IBM service organization through the Service Element (if that is set up and configured appropriately). – Note that this feature can only be used when running Linux on System z in LPAR. Extra Kernel Parameter for SCSI IPL – When booting from a SCSI boot device, you can now specify kernel parameters in addition to the existing kernel parameters that are used by your boot configuration. To specify kernel parameters, use the SCPDATA option of the CP LOADDEV command or enter kernel parameters in the 'Operating system specific load parameters' panel when IPLing a system from the HMC. 28 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 29. Miscellaneous qeth: HiperSockets SIGA Retry (2.6.32) – This enhancement allows HiperSockets streaming workload to operate at increased performance, avoiding packets to be lost on the receiver side if no empty buffers are available. With this feature, qeth re-sends the packet (up to three times) - without monopolizing the HiperSockets interface - before the packet is lost. STP/ETR Support (kernel 2.6.27) – Support for clock synchronization using the server time protocol (STP) or an external time reference (ETR). Kernel vdso Support (kernel 2.6.29) – Kernel provided shared library to speed up a few system calls (gettimeofday, clock_getres, clock_gettime) Ooprofile – Oprofile is an open source tool developed to analyze performance bottlenecks in user space and kernel code. Starting with version 0.9.4, Oprofile supports sampling of Java byte code applications for Linux on System z Eclipse 3.3 – Starting with Eclipse 3.3, Linux on System z is officially supported. 29 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 30. The s390-tools Package s390-tools is a Package with a Set of User Space Utilities to Be Used with the Linux on System z Distributions. – It is the essential tool chain for Linux on System z – It contains everything from the boot loader to dump related tools for a system crash – Analysis . – Version 1.8.2 and 1.8.3 were released in September 2009 New Feature Include: – Support for device mapper devices has been added to the zipl bootmanager – It is now possible to use the cio_ignore feature to query and modify the contents of the CIO device driver blacklist. – A new tool znetconf has been added to list and configure network devices for System z network adapters. 30 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 31. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z ® New and Enhanced Features in Version 11
  • 32. New System z Scalability Features in Version 11 Dynamic Add/Remove of CPU and Memory: resources of a Linux guest under z/VM can be adjusted while running. A pool of CPUs are dynamically given to a Linux guest and used as needed Vertical CPU Management: helps get the best performance out of System z10 servers by being aware of the server's NUMA characteristics Linux CPU Node Affinity: improves performance by scheduling processes to the optimal node where the CPU is associated, exploiting the new System z10 CPU node topology Large Page Support: enables better performance with large memory footprints like in Java or database workloads by exploiting new System z10 large memory pages (1MB) Dynamic CPU Hotplug Daemon: allows SUSE Linux Enterprise Server ® z/VM guest to allocate or free CPU resources depending on workload base rules 32 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. = SLES unique feature
  • 33. New System z Storage Features in Version 11 Higher Performance Analysis in the Disk Subsystem: gives performance analysts the same type of view into SCSI over Fibre Channel Protocol that they have with mainframe Direct Access Storage Devices (DASD) FICON – Hyper PAV Enablement: sustained I/O performance improvements exploiting Parallel Access Volume (PAV) support for disk storage access, leads to significantly reduced configuration efforts as opposed to static PAV setups, system will dynamically self optimizing its I/O configuration. 33 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. = SLES unique feature
  • 34. New System z Networking Features in Version 11 Enhanced HiperSocket Support: HiperSockets are enhanced to support layer-2 functionality, allowing for more sophisticated network configurations like Vlan and virtual switches AF_IUCV Protocol Support: Use IUCV-communication through a socket interface. Improves the close collaboration between SUSE ® Linux Enterprise Server and z/VM in the networking area. 34 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. = SLES unique feature
  • 35. New Miscellaneous System z Features in Version 11 Cross Architecture Debugging: System z core dumps can be analyzed on x86 systems, negating the need for a duplicate System z server Provide Linux Process Data into z/VM Monitor Stream: monitor the performance of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server or other VM guests ® with performance monitoring tools on z/VM or on Linux. Use own, IBM Performance Tool-kit for VM, or third party tools. VMs being monitored require agents that write monitor data. Exploitation of DCSS above 2GB: ability to have 'objects' residing in shared memory that are either > 2G in size, or several objects whose aggregate size is >2G. Requires z/VM 5.4. Allows not only more capacity but also offers additional flexibility in using shared memory segments among VM Systems. 35 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. = SLES unique feature
  • 36. Service Pack 3 Features Summary SUSE Enterprise Server 10 for System z ® • Update s390-tools to version 1.8.1 • 2 OSA ports per CHPID support • Selective logging of ECKD DASD devices • Large image dump on DASD (use multiple volumes) • DS8000: large volume support and disk encryption • Crypto hardware enablement • Large random numbers generation • HiperSocket layer 3 support for Ipv6 ....and many more (please consult the release notes for details) 36 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 37. Unique Tools of SUSE Linux ® Enterprise Server for System z
  • 38. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z ® YaST • Unified and Consistent Single Interface to all Systems Management Tasks via Modules – Desktop environment independent – Graphical and text mode interfaces – Development platform for 3rd party modules • Configure Every Aspect of the Server – Installation / configuration: partitioning-zfcp and storage, bootloader, timezone – Software management: update, software selection, product creation, installation server – User management (local, NIS, LDAP, Kerberos, SMB), sudo – Hardware: DRBD, multipath, DASDs, zfcp, ... • Enhanced YaST Partitioner • CIM Standard Adopted 38 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 39. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z ® Subscription Management Tool Housing Subscription and Patch Management Made Easy – A local package proxy tightly integrated with Novell Customer Center(NCC) ® – Included at no cost with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and fully supported Benefits – Secure centralized deployment within the firewall – In cooperation with NCC, automatically assigns registration codes – Reduces bandwidth use – Accurately and automatically tracks entitlements – Uses your existing customer interface Key Features – Staging of patches – Central deployment – Support of “sneakernet” configurations – Works with new integrated supportability infrastructure 39 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 40. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z ® Package Management Subsystem ZYpp: Core of the New Software Management Stack ZYpper: Command Line Package Manager – Can manipulate package repositories (like the Build Service) – Can search for packages, install, remove, or update packages and more libzypp: Software Management Library – Provides all the functionality for a package manager > API for package repository management > API for solving packages, products, patterns and patches (installation, removal, update and distribution upgrade operations) dependencies > API for committing the transaction to the system over a rpm target > API for browsing available and installed software > A suite of maintained solving test cases 40 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 41. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z ® High Availability Extension Included Flexible, Policy Driven Continuous Data Clustering Solution Replication – OpenAIS messaging and – Distributed Replicated Block membership layer Device (DRBD8) – Pacemaker cluster resource manager User-friendly Tools – Graphical user interface Cluster-aware File – Unified command System and line interface Volume Manager Resource Agents – Oracle Cluster File System (OCFS2) Virtualization-aware – Clustered Logical Volume Manager (cLVM2) 41 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. www.novell.com/products/highavailability
  • 42. SUSE Linux Enterprise for System z ® High Availability Extension Included SLES11 HA Stack SLES 10 HA Stack New Development OCFS2 Yast2-Cluster Heartbeat general FS ASSI OCFS2 DRBD 0.7 CLI General FS Yast2-HB Pacemaker DRDB 8 OCFS2 / EVMS2 + openAIS cLVM2 HA HA - GUI HA Management-GUI Management CLI Yast2-DRBD openAIS Pacemaker Yast2-Multipath Yast2-Multipath Yast2-DRBD Part of SLES10 New for SLES11 Major new code for SLES11 42 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 43. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z ® Starter System for System z Historically, one of the biggest hurdles to implementing Linux on the mainframe has been gaining network access to the installation media from the mainframe (Installation routine cannot access built-in DVD reader, Firewall rule changes needed) SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Starter System for System z is a pre-built installation server — facilitates installation of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z on a z/VM system Eliminates the network access hurdle to try out Linux on the mainframe — gaining network access to the installation media from the mainframe Allows customers with little or no Linux or z/VM experience to initiate evaluations of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z http://www.novell.com/partners/ibm/mainframe/starterpack.html 43 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 44. Complete Development Environment for System z .NET Applications on Linux: Mono ® Mono Simplified .NET Architecture A complete and modern development Your Application (C#, others) platform for Linux The necessary software to develop and 1 Class Library run .NET client and server applications across platforms on Linux, Solaris, Common Mac OS X, Windows, and Unix 2 Language Runtime An thriving open source project with a growing community 3 Operating System What Can You Do with Mono? Migrate Microsoft .NET desktop and server applications to Linux without significant investment in rewriting code Target multiple platforms and increase addressable market Leverage existing expertise in computer languages for more efficient development 44 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. http://www.mono-project.com/
  • 45. Customer References Where to Find More Information Summary
  • 46. Transzap Boosts Up-time with IBM System z For Three 9's Uptime Business challenge: Transzap offers its customers a comprehensive suite of financial software tools. As a small business with tens of billions of dollars “We intend to deliver a in client transactions flowing through their systems each year, 99.9% application uptime Transzap needed an economical, reliable platform to provide guarantee to our customer clients with high availability while enabling the capacity to base, thanks to the accommodate growth within their software as a service availability characteristics business model. of System z.” — Peter Flanagan, CEO of Solution: Transzap, Inc. Transzap decided to consolidate on an IBM System z platform to provide the stability and scalability needed to accommodate triple digit volume growth, enabling them to focus on the business of Solution components: software innovation. Transzap migrated to System z and virtualized its critical applications on Linux on System z, a  IBM System z platform that supports Transzap's dynamic Java™ and  SUSE Linux Enterprise Oracle environments. Server for System z Benefits:  z/VM®  Helps Transzap to serve more than 69,000 users across 6,800 companies  Provides higher levels of uptime for their customers  Offers peace of mind through 24x7 world-class hardware support 46 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 47. EFiS Financial Solutions... Resolves Data Center Pain Points and Further Optimizes the IT Infrastructure Using the IBM Enterprise Linux Server Business need The driving business challenge at EFiS was the requirement to reduce cost, “We chose an IBM Enterprise Linux risk and resources while increasing the efficiency and ecology at the same Server with a System z Business Class time. Security requirements, scalability and the need to process huge amounts configuration, running SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z from of transactions while saving cost for software licenses furthermore lead to the Novell for the high reliability, advanced decision to move from various hardware platforms (including x86, IBM eServer security, extreme scalability and high pSeries , SPARC/Solaris and HP) to System z running Linux. ® compute power this solution offers," said Ernst Bauer, Chief Operating Officer at EFiS Financial Solutions AG. Solution Migrating various servers from different vendors to one IBM System z9 BC "Another crucial factor for the (Linux only machine), EFiS managed to optimize their data center back in decision to move to this combined 2008. The fact that fewer server had to be managed, lead to an easier control solution was the energy and power and operation of the existing environment. With the update of the current savings this offering from IBM and Novell could provide us. production z9 to a z10 based Enterprise Linux Server, EFiS continuous the optimization of their IT-infrastructure to the constantly changing business Together with our implementation partner requirements. PROFI Engineering Systems AG we were able to integrate Green IT as an important part of our strategy. Benefits: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ® •The Continuous optimization of the IT-Infrastructure lead to fewer System z on an IBM Enterprise Linux servers to manage – and to ease the control and operation Server Business Class provides us •Reduced cost, risk and resources with optimal resource utilization, while addressing our critical energy and •Recovered data center floor space power costs." •Strengthened ability to scale with business growth 47 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 48. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z ® Customer Success 48 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 49. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z ® Resources Product Web Page: Learn more about features and benefits http://www.novell.com/products/systemz Promotions: Linux for System z : Consolidate and virtualize servers, while leveraging efficiencies of Linux, for greater availability and lower TCO http://www.novell.com/mainframe Starter System for System z Simplify Deployment of Linux on the mainframe with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z http://www.novell.com/partners/ibm/mainframe/starterpack.html Download SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z Simplify Deployment of Linux on the mainframe with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z http://www.novell.com/products/server/eval.html 49 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. z
  • 50. Summary Both SLES 10 and SLES 11 exploit legacy and recent IBM System z10 hardware and z/VM features SLES 10 receives broad ISV support to realize validated solution stacks SLES 11 offers innovation, integration of recent code updates and a wealth of open source building blocks for customized solutions Deploy SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z to see ® how it can lower costs, increase reliability and security, improve interoperability 50 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 52. IBM Enterprise Linux Server and the System z Solution Edition for Enterprise Linux The Enterprise Linux Server is a System z10 machine configured to run Linux- only workloads – it includes the following hardware and software components: – IFL specialty processors (2 to 10 for z10 BC machine; 6 to 64 for z10 EC machine*) – 16 GB of memory per IFL (if system configuration permits) – Hardware maintenance for three to five years – z/VM software (base product and all features) with three to five years of subscription and support ® – Minimum of three 4-Port FICON cards and two 4-Port OSA cards ® – Clients can optionally add more memory and I/O connectivity The Solution Edition for Enterprise Linux delivers a similar solution stack that users can add to an existing z10 machine: – Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) specialty processors – 16 GB of memory per IFL (if system configuration permits) – Hardware maintenance for three to five years – z/VM software (base product and features) with three to five years of subscription and support – Clients can optionally add more memory or I/O connectivity (OSA and FICON cards) Acquisition pricing for Solution Edition for Enterprise Linux is marginally more expensive than UNIX-system alternatives – But with superior qualities of service and a lower total cost of ownership 52 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. * Entry configuration for EC machine may vary by country.
  • 53. SUSE Linux Enterprise Consolidation Suite ® for System z - IBM SE EL Business Class SLE Consolidation Suite for System SLE Consolidation Suite for System z “Business Class” Basic z “Business Class” Priority 2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for for System z Basic subscriptions for 3 System z Priority subscriptions for 3 years (with the option to activate years (with the option to activate additional 2 IFL subscriptions) additional 2 IFL subscriptions) 2x User Access to Novell On-Demand ® 2x User Access to Novell On-Demand Training Library “Data Center”, plus 2x Training Library “Data Center”, plus 2x voucher for VUE test center exam voucher for VUE test center exam 2x Mono Tools for Visual Studio 2x Mono Tools for Visual Studio licenses with 3-year subscriptions licenses with 3-year subscriptions 2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Mono 2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Mono Extension for System z 3-year Extension for System z 3-year subscriptions subscriptions $39,795.- $56,322.- 53 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. z
  • 54. SUSE Linux Enterprise Consolidation Suite ® for System z IBM - IBM SE EL Enterprise Class SLE Consolidation Suite for System SLE Consolidation Suite for System z “Enterprise Class” Basic z “Enterprise Class” Priority  4 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server  4 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for System z Basic subscriptions for for System z Priority subscriptions 3 years for 3 years  2x User Access to Novell On-  2x User Access to Novell On- Demand Training Library “Data Demand Training Library “Data Center”, plus 2x voucher for VUE Center”, plus 2x voucher for VUE test center exam test center exam  2x Mono Tools for Visual Studio  2x Mono Tools for Visual Studio licenses with 3-year subscriptions licenses with 3-year subscriptions  2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Mono  2 IFL SUSE Linux Enterprise Mono Extension for System z 3-year Extension for System z 3-year subscriptions subscriptions $79,999.- $113,053.- 54 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. z
  • 55. SUSE Linux Enterprise® Maintenance and Support Process Maintenance Support Level 3 support incident (level 1/2 support identifies customer problem as level 3) General availability Stage 4: Stage 1: Customer implements Program Temporary Fix (PTF) new patch level (Level 3 support makes (via Novell Customer Center) ® PTF available to customer, enabling Stage 4 Stage 1 Continued productive system utilization) Stage 3: Stage 3 Stage 2 Stage 2: SUSE Linux Enterprise - SUSE Linux Enterprise certified patch becomes Engineering develops part of the product product-compliant (Delivery of new patch from the PTF patch level to customer) (SUSE Linux Enterprise engineering handles 55 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. certification of the patch, quality assurance)
  • 56. Software Offerings from IBM and ISVs Information WebSphere Tivoli Lotus Rational Management ® ® ® ® Over 500 Linux offerings – see the matrix at: http://www.ibm.com/linux/matrix IBM Software for Linux: http://www.ibm.com/software/os/linux/software/ • Over 3,000 applications on Linux on z • More than 500 new Linux applications added in 2008 (18% growth from 2007) • Over 250 are already added in Q1 & Q2 2009 • 142 ISVs added to the System z portfolio in 2009 • All entries are in the Global Solutions Directory ibm.com/partnerworld/gsd • The last 6 months are kept in: ibm.com/partnerworld/systemz/linux IBM provides the necessary technical resources to enable ISV solution developers to port commercial applications to support IBM Systems Hardware. 56 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved.
  • 57.
  • 58. Unpublished Work of Novell, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This work is an unpublished work and contains confidential, proprietary, and trade secret information of Novell, Inc. Access to this work is restricted to Novell employees who have a need to know to perform tasks within the scope of their assignments. No part of this work may be practiced, performed, copied, distributed, revised, modified, translated, abridged, condensed, expanded, collected, or adapted without the prior written consent of Novell, Inc. Any use or exploitation of this work without authorization could subject the perpetrator to criminal and civil liability. General Disclaimer This document is not to be construed as a promise by any participating company to develop, deliver, or market a product. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. Novell, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents of this document, and specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. The development, release, and timing of features or functionality described for Novell products remains at the sole discretion of Novell. Further, Novell, Inc. reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes to its content, at any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revisions or changes. All Novell marks referenced in this presentation are trademarks or registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners.