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Insights on How to Run a Bank


A selection of articles by thought leaders that appeared in previously
published material from Financial Times Business Enterprises Ltd.
Featuring:

Jim Davis, Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer at SAS

Jim Goodnight, CEO of SAS

Myron Scholes, Nobel Laureate

Alastair Sim, Senior Director of Marketing at SAS

Chris Swecker, Independent Consultant at Swecker Enterprises
HOW TO RUN A BANK




Table of Contents

Foreword ..........................................................................................................1
Connnecting with customers in a multi-channel world ................................4
Mitigating bank fraud: finding the right strategy ..........................................6
Transforming performance: the evolution of risk ..........................................8
High performance banking technology ........................................................10




                                                                                                                  i
HOW TO RUN A BANK




                                        Foreword

                                        For more than 35 years, SAS has partnered with some of the most successful
                                        organizations in transforming the way the world works, from discovering
                                        revolutionary medical breakthroughs to developing innovations to ensure that
                                        business can get the right products to the right places at the right times. Such
                                        innovations have been born from both necessity and opportunity – both in
                                        reaction to changes in the world around us, and in anticipation of the changes
                                        yet to come.

                                        As an example, look at the world of the consumer, which has evolved from
                                        the comparatively simplistic, low-tech domain of a few decades ago to the
                                        constantly changing, complex one of today. In response, businesses have had
                                        to rapidly modernize and adapt in order to survive. Customer choice and fierce
                                        competition have sealed the fates of those too slow to respond.

                                           Arguably, no industry has faced greater changes and challenges than the
financial services industry, which has witnessed dramatic highs and lows over the years in response to fluctuations
in an unstable global economy. Exponential advancements in technology have enabled banks to trade across global
markets, while giving customers unprecedented access to financial services through smartphones and other mobile
devices. The result has been an explosion of data in staggering volumes pouring through financial systems and across
the Internet. And while data is the lifeblood of any business, many organizations are finding themselves drowning in it,
with no strategy for exploiting its potential.

Recent strategic investments by banks have mainly concentrated on infrastructure and operational environments, but
this is no longer the priority. Instead, banks are realizing the need to understand their customers like never before.
Today’s customer expects – no, demands – to be treated as an individual. And for banks, insight and foresight are the
keys to better serving each customer as an individual.

Banks are on a path to realizing this potential both through the modernization of their decision-making processes
and the ability to harness the ever-growing volumes of data. But there are still challenges ahead. The articles that
follow address both the opportunities and obstacles that the financial services industry may encounter in the coming
months and years as it embarks on this path. By sharing these articles with you, we are sharing both our experiences
and those of other thought leaders as the banking industry looks to embed itself firmly in the digital age, with all the
possibilities and perils that it brings.

Industry-leading SAS® Analytics give organizations such as banks the power to know their customers, their markets
and their risk exposures – and, ultimately, to determine their success. And we will continue to help transform the way
the world works through analytics.

Sincerely,




Jim Goodnight, CEO




                                                                                                                               1
chapter 6




                    Analytics:
                    the power
                    to know
How to Run a Bank




                    Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS
section index
       74	 Connecting	with	customers	in	a	
           multi-channel	world:	Jim	Davis,		
           chief	marketing	officer,	SAS
       76	 Mitigating	banks	fraud:	finding	
           the	right	strategy:	Chris	Swecker,	
           independent	consultant,	Swecker	
           Enterprises	
       78	 Transforming	performance:	The	
           evolution	of	risk:	Myron	Scholes,	
           Nobel	Laureate	and	Alastair	Sim,	
           senior	director	for	global		
           marketing,	SAS



       A
               nalytics has opened up the world
               to new possibilities and consumers’
               expectations are changing. Banks
       must adapt in the post-crisis environment
       by looking at their customers more closely
       and using data to gain further insights.

       Jim Davis, SAS’s chief marketing officer,
       argues that customer behaviour is
       changing, but new marketing technologies
       are available for banks to better target their
       customers and improve relationships.

       Chris Swecker, an independent consultant
       at Swecker Enterprises, says data is key for
       banks to protect themselves and
       their clients from fraudulent activities.

       Myron Scholes, Nobel Laureate, and
       Alastair Sim, SAS’s senior director of
       marketing, reveal that risk management
       remains high on banks executives’ minds.
       They also discuss new approaches to
       traditional techniques.

                                                        How to Run a Bank




Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 73
analytics: the power to know


                      Connecting with
                      customers in a
                      multi-channel world

                                                 BANKS THAT HAVE PERFORMED WELL                 customer needs, providing relevant
                                                 THROUGHOUT THE CRISIS HAVE                     products and services cost-effectively and
                                                                                                calculating the unique lifetime value
                                                 UNDERSTOOD THEIR CUSTOMERS’                    of customers to the institution. Further
                                                 NEEDS. BUT THERE ARE STILL                     emphasising of analytically supported
                                                                                                decision-making, related to multi-channel
                                                 OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MARKETPLACE
                                                                                                marketing optimisation and client service,
                                                                                                will be critical to improving customer


                                                 F
                                                         inancial institutions have certainly   experience, loyalty and profitability.
                               Jim Davis                 demonstrated their resilience             To illustrate this, one US financial
                               Chief Marketing           to challenging economic events         institution is incrementally generating
                               Officer           and pressures over the course of modern        $250m in revenue by using behavioural
                               SAS
                                                 history. However, the current period of        models and predictive analytics to
                                                 global economic upheaval has proven            comb through more than 19 million
                                                 to be one of the most complex evils the        transactions per day from more than
                                                 financial industry has ever faced, making      17 million customers. With the insight
                                                 the road to recovery less of an uphill         it derives, the bank delivers consistent
                                                 trudge than an endless ride on an anxiety-     messages to customers across all touch
                                                 fuelled rollercoaster.                         points and channels. The solution also
                                                    While some stability has returned to        helps the bank understand and anticipate
                                                 the banking industry following an intense      future customer needs, using event-driven
                                                 period of financial institution collapse       technology to alert representatives when
                                                 and consolidation, regulatory rigidity and     significant behavioural changes occur so
                                                 the slow-to-recover economy have severely      that the bank can intervene immediately
                                                 constrained a bank’s ability to grow its       to address a new customer requirement or
                                                 revenue and profits, forcing many to re-       save an at risk relationship.
                                                 engineer their processes to make them             Consumer and business depositors will
                                                 more efficient and cost-effective. Nowhere     be more valuable to the banks than ever
                                                 is this more apparent than in retail           before; failure to communicate with these
                                                 banking, where institutions must refocus       customers at the right time, through the
                                                 their efforts on improving customer            right channel, with the right offer will
                                                 service and retention efforts while            slowly wear away the client base. Customer
                                                 increasing each customer’s lifetime value.     communications must be personalised
                                                                                                and interactive and offer tailored products
                                                 Understanding customer needs                   and services. This requires sophisticated
                                                 Retail banks that will survive and thrive      analytics and marketing automation
How to Run a Bank




                                                 in the current economic climate are            technology to create customer insight,
                                                 using new technologies and channels to         increase interactions across channels,
                                                 grow revenue from basic services, such         and monitor and respond to changes in
                                                 as deposits and loans, by understanding        customer behaviours.


                    74 Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS
                    4
New channels                                 customer relationships through closed-
Social media is one evolving channel         loop customer marketing processes with
that will help banks to generate insights    a complete view of customers and include
on customer attitudes and preferences,       the ability to:
which can be used to inform marketing        ■ Collect meaningful customer data from
campaigns and help deliver better            all channels, including social media, in
customer experiences. However, an            one place.
August 2010 study, conducted by Harvard      ■ Apply advanced predictive analytics
Business Review and SAS, shows that          for more accurate forecasting and insight
banks lag behind other industries by         into customers and households.
10% when it comes to using social            ■ Match individual customer profiles to
media to understand and communicate          the most relevant offers.
with customers. In fact, 57% of bankers      ■ Run intelligent campaigns that account
polled admitted that their social media      for different customer interactions.
efforts were ineffective, compared with      ■ Learn from campaign results and build
43% of those polled from non-banking         lessons back into the process to improve
industries.                                  future marketing and customer service
  For banks, social media has its pros and   efforts.
cons. One influencer can drive thousands        In addition to the belt-tightening effects
of potential customers to a website.         of the recession, consumer behaviours
However, that same influencer can            and expectations have radically changed
spread his or her dissatisfaction, causing   in recent years, requiring banks to
erosion in brand equity and profitability.   improve outreach to customers and earn
Regardless, embracing social media is not    their trust and good old-fashioned loyalty.
a choice for banks; it is an imperative.     To accomplish this, banks have to meet
Fortunately, as social media has evolved,    customers where they work and play
so too has the technology to understand      – on the web, through mobile devices
users and their networks. The myriad         and social media sites. They can then
benefits that come from analysing            use the wealth of customer intelligence
social media data include product and        that is generated to create new product
service quality improvements, assessing      and service offerings, acquire and retain
customer sentiment and uncovering            customers, and maximise the profitability
fraud rings.                                 of each relationship.

Improving value
With the increasingly sophisticated
                                             biography
                                             Jim Davis is senior vice-president and chief
customer analytics and marketing
                                                                                                                                      How to Run a Bank




                                             marketing officer at SAS, overseeing various
automation technologies that exist           strategic and operational functions. Mr Davis
                                             co-authored the book Information Revolution:
today, retail banks have the perfect         Using the Information Evolution Model to
opportunity to improve the value of          Grow Your Business.



                                                                                        Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 75
analytics: the power to know

                                                    BANKS CAN NOW CONNECT WITH                   of fraud incidents through their own
                                                                                                 auditing processes.
                                                    CLIENTS THROUGH A NUMBER OF
                                                    COMMUNICATION CHANNELS. BUT                  Finding the weak links
                                                    FRAUD REMAINS A HUGE PROBLEM                 Consumers, retail merchants and business
                                                                                                 are weak links when it comes to virtual
                                                    AND BANKS MUST STAY ONE
                                                                                                 security. They respond to phishing schemes
                                                    STEP AHEAD TO PROTECT                        that solicit their most sensitive information,
                                                    THEIR CUSTOMERS                              allow already imperfect anti-virus and
                                                                                                 spyware software to expire or disable the


                                                    F
                                                            inancial institutions are leaders    programs, use vulnerable passwords and
                                                            in delivering of a wide range of     don’t cover their PIN numbers when using
                                                            services and products via the        an ATM. They are ill equipped to counter
                                                    internet and mobile communication            botnets, worms, malware and viruses such
                                                    channels. Unfortunately, electronic crimes   as the Zeus strain, which has stolen more
                                                    targeting consumers and businesses have      bank credentials than any other virus and
                                                    become the most pervasive crime problem      is linked to more than $100m in losses
                                                    of this millennium. Financial institutions   worldwide. These exploits spontaneously
                                                    must realise that fraud undermines           mutate to stay ahead of the latest detection
                                                    customer confidence in the bank’s ability,   software.
                                                    or willingness, to protect its customers.       The latest battleground is business
                                                      Fraud rings have proliferated because      account takeovers. These accounts
                                                    being a professional fraud operator is       typically hold higher balances to meet
                                                    easy, profitable and presents low risk       payroll and daily expenses, and often
                                                    and high reward. Ironically, institutions    the business customer has weak internal
                                                    that pride themselves on fostering           safeguards. Businesses are not afforded
                                                    collaborative environments are being         the same protections as individuals and
                                                    out-networked by the bad guys, who           thus are often held responsible for losses
                                                    work in a communal ecosystem devoted         when their accounts are compromised.
                                                    exclusively to committing fraud around       Businesses are especially vulnerable
                                                    the clock. They are adept at exploitation    because their information security,
                                                    of gaping vulnerabilities caused by          online banking protocols and technology
                                                    compartmentalisation of fraud detection      configuration are seldom as good as they
                                                    units and the schism between the lines       need to be.
                                                    of business and fraud components,               One important enabler is that fraud
                                                    including inefficient management and         receives scarce attention from top
                              Chris Swecker         use of data. Sadly, a recent survey of 230   executives unless a significant negative
                              Independent           banks by the Information Security Media      media event occurs. Revenue growth
                              Consultant
                              Swecker Enterprises   Group revealed that only 23% learn           and business expansion are paramount;




                      Mitigating bank
                      fraud: finding the
                      right strategy
How to Run a Bank




                    76 Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS
                     6
when it comes to risk programmes, credit,
market, counterparty and regulatory risks
                                                banks must break
trump all others. As a result of scarce anti-   down the traditional
fraud resources and failure to deploy the
most effective analytical tools available,      separation
fraud rings are able to exploit the bank’s      between anti-
inability to ‘connect the dots’.
   The FBI warns that professional              money laundering
fraud networks, not opportunistic
individuals, are inflicting the greatest
                                                and fraud
damage. These networks exploit the              a shared database of historical alerts,
‘one fraud at a time’ detection tools and       red flags, investigations, watch lists and
technologies. Balkanisation of fraud            customer claims can help combat fraud.
detection components based on product           Components that cannot be consolidated
lines and delivery channels, technology         should at least share a case management
architecture that resembles a patchwork         system.
quilt and overall fragmentation of anti-
fraud efforts severely hinder the ability to    Prioritising the customer
identify ring activity and deploy effective     Once and for all banks must break down
loss prevention strategies. Finally, industry   the traditional separation between anti-
co-operation must be established.               money laundering and fraud. As the chief
   Identity impersonations account for          of FinCEN has pointed out, fraud and
more than $50bn in losses and directly          money laundering are co-dependent. An
affect close to 12 million people annually.     effective anti-fraud strategy should focus
Customers expect banks to protect them          on expending resources on the greatest
from this nightmare. Consider the highly        problems, not just the next alert or case
publicised Heartland Payment Systems/           that shows up in the case management
TJ Maxx hacks, in which more than 140           system. The organisation must prioritise
million credit/debit card transactions          and direct scarce resources toward
were compromised, affecting more than           events that present the largest losses in
500 banks and countless customers.              the aggregate, such as ring activity, and
                                                the greatest potential for recovery and
Using data to prevent fraud                     prosecution.
From the perspective of bank risk                  Ironically the tools and capability to
executives, anti-fraud programmes are           more effectively prevent and mitigate
low priority because a lack of positive         these losses are available. Banks must
revenue and losses are built into budget        develop a sense of urgency because their
projections. They discount the impact           customers will continue to be easy victims
and reputational risk presented by a            without decisive action. The ranks of fraud
well-publicised negative experience on a        thieves are increasing every day due to
mass scale. They should view anti-fraud         internet networking opportunities and
strategies as a priority, not because of the    the low risk of prosecution.
monetary losses that are ‘acceptable’ from         Fraud has become viral and will never be
a balance sheet perspective, but rather         solved by law enforcement. It is an industry
because current and potential customers         solution dependent on the awareness and
feel vulnerable and exposed. Banks that         sponsorship of bank executives at the
fail to protect customers will lose them to     highest levels. They must deploy the most
competitors that grasp the problem and          powerful analytics available, consolidate
the potential opportunity.                      data and various fraud components,
   Fortunately, the banks themselves hold       and make use of multilayered detection
the most powerful weapon to predict and         technology. It is not about the money; it
prevent fraud – data. Banks hold a rich         is about the customer. The customer must
trove of information about customers,           feel important and protected. After all, it
transactions, accounts and broader trends       is just good business to protect your most
and patterns. The effective use and analysis    important asset.
of that data – real time and batched –
can identify fraud patterns, anomalies
and common data points that reveal              biography
associations between fraudulent accounts
                                                Chris Swecker is a practising attorney and
and group fraud activity. One best practice     independent consultant for Swecker Enterprises,
is to form a small ‘ring identification team’   specialising in financial crimes and money-
                                                laundering mitigation strategies and is a
to proactively identify the malignant social
                                                                                                                                         How to Run a Bank




                                                frequent guest expert speaker. He has 30
networks. Also, the consolidation of fraud      years of experience in law enforcement,
                                                national security, legal, corporate security
detection and investigative components          and risk management positions including
                                                the third highest executive position in the FBI
into a single platform and creation of          and chief security officer for Bank of America.



                                                                                           Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 77
analytics: the power to know


                      Transforming
                      performance: the
                      evolution of risk

                                                                                                 everybody’s concern and there needs to
                                                  RISK HAS EMERGED AS AN IMPORTANT
                                                                                                 be a greater role for the risk function on
                                                  PART OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD, AND               the executive board. Ownership of the
                                                  BANKS NEED TO MOVE AWAY FROM                   cultural change required to embrace risk
                                                                                                 across the institutions going forward has
                                                  TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES AND
                                                                                                 to be driven by the CEO. Only then, by
                                                  ADAPT TO THE NEW ENVIRONMENT                   determining the tone at the top, will the
                                                                                                 elements of this complex puzzle begin


                                                  A
                                                           s a result of the recent market       to come together. So what have been the
                               Myron Scholes               shocks, banks, capital markets        elements used to manage risk and how
                               Nobel Laureate              firms and asset managers are          should risk management evolve?
                                                  rethinking certain issues and focusing on
                                                  integrating risk and reward trade-offs. To     Risk and return
                                                  do this, they are using portfolio theory       Risk management has traditionally relied
                                                  and planning for market shocks and the         upon expert judgement coupled with a
                                                  resulting impact on the business and           narrow use of quantitative techniques.
                                                  its divisions. Leading financial entities      These techniques are being replaced
                                                  are linking their portfolio risk with the      by sophisticated analytics that make
                                                  return on capital and integrating market       traditional quantitative techniques more
                                                  liquidity into their analyses in an attempt    transparent and available to decision-
                                                  to gain a more complete view of risk and       makers by combining them with an
                                                  return. As a result, optimisation of capital   analytic decision framework that is
                                                  deployed – rather than just a single view      optimised for exposures and capital return.
                                                  of risk exposures – has become the new            Predictive, on-demand scenarios provide
                                                  role of risk management.                       an up-to-the-minute, scenario-optimised
                               Alastair Sim
                                                     A recent survey of senior executives from   view of risk and return, allowing executives
                               Senior Director
                               Global Marketing   more than 300 global financial services        to understand and integrate capital to
                               SAS                institutions, carried out by the Economist     various asset classes and divisions of the
                                                  Intelligence Unit on behalf of SAS,            firm. By incorporating all elements of the
                                                  revealed that one of the most important        risk and reward equation – exposures,
                                                  concerns of executives was a desire to         return, capital reserves, capital deployed
                                                  restore credibility in institutions, systems   in various forms, firm liquidity and market
                                                  and the industry. In the resulting report,     liquidity – we now have the opportunity to
                                                  ‘Rebuilding Trust’, strategic changes were     provide and grow high-performance risk
                                                  identified. Better communication and           management capabilities within firms.
                                                  analysis of information across the firm and       As we continue to emerge from the
How to Run a Bank




                                                  communications between the executive           global financial crisis, not only have banks
                                                  team, the risk function and the business       had to boost capital reserves, but the
                                                  was seen to be of great importance.            impact of sovereign nation debt has also
                                                  Management of risk needs to be seen as         constricted the flow of capital. This has


                    78 Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS
                     8
the potential to heighten the impact of
market volatility, and with unanticipated
                                                traditional
events, we are anticipating that there is       techniques are
the potential for an amplification effect
of the volatility and market shocks. The
                                                being replaced
ability to acquire capital for investment       by sophisticated
or to liquidate a position may accelerate
more default events over the next few           analytics which
years as markets adjust to systemic
changes in the market structure.
                                                bring transparency
  Although most firms use dynamic
measures such as VaR to gauge the               simply maximised along a truncated view
sensitivity of results to short-run market      of possible investment paths, assuming
factor movements, they realise that they        that recent volatilities and observed
need to overlay these measures with             correlations were the best indicators
additional capital and static reserves to       of future volatility and correlations.
handle shocks. Correctly, entities realise      Additionally, firms viewed planning for
that short-term measures are inadequate.        shocks and changes in the opportunity set
  However, new work is needed to measure        as unnecessary or of little value. Risk had
the size of needed risk reserves or cushions;   been tamed, and risk officers had cried
that is, how to dynamically adjust them         wolf too many times to be heard. It turns
and partition the cushion among the             out that observed low portfolio volatilities
various asset categories within an entity to    largely contributed to low observed
make more accurate risk and return trade-       correlations. As a result, regulators and
offs. This is a new direction for research.     market participants believed that the
The ability to enhance risk methodologies       risks observed years ago were the risks of
is due to advances in technology,               the past; risks today were ‘understood’ and
such as the SAS high-performance                would remain as such into the foreseeable
computational environment, that remove          future. Market participants responded
the computational complexity associated         to this belief by increasing their own
with multifactor, cross-firm, full-valuation    risks through leverage, concentrating
methods.                                        holdings (becoming less diversified)
                                                and holding riskier positions, and
Advantages of diversification                   reducing contingency reserves for shocks.
Moving from theory to implementation            Contingency reserves were reduced
issues, market participants relied too          because risk could be either diversified or
heavily on recent market experience             distributed through securitised products.
(during the 1990s and 2000s) to frame           Flexibility planning in the form of capital
their views on risk and to calibrate their      optimisation became less necessary with
models. They concluded incorrectly that         reduced uncertainty.
the likely need and the resultant cost to
adjust their holdings – and to reduce risks     Advances in analytics
in light of shocks and lack of liquidity in     If risk had been controlled, these were the
the market – were extremely low. They           correct planning decisions. In retrospect,
relied almost exclusively on the advantages     relying too heavily on recent data – and
of diversification across uncorrelated firm     even ignoring recent minishocks – was
activities and concluded that risks were        the wrong decision. We had gone through
controlled within the isolated portfolios;      a long period of market quiescence;
they relied too heavily on a limited set of     risk had not been tamed. The business
quantitative techniques to measure and          cycle remains; datasets are too vast
to plan on how to react to unexpected           to understand all of the interactions
market conditions.                              necessary to tame risk unless advances in
   They also relied extensively on              analytics and technology are applied.
external monitors, such as the rating              Today’s high-performance computing
agencies, to validate risks. The rating         transforms the ability to address complex
agencies failed to incorporate multiple,        and often volatile business problems.
simultaneous failures in their models;          This is a new era in managing risk and
they also overlooked the fact that recent       business performance.
market event data might not tell the
complete story, or that the quality of          biography
                                                Myron Scholes is widely known for his decisive
the composition of structured products          work in options pricing, capital markets and tax.
might deteriorate over time as entities         He is the co-originator of the Black-Scholes options
                                                                                                                                           How to Run a Bank




                                                pricing model, which earned him the Alfred Nobel
reverse-engineered them to ‘just pass’ to       Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1997.
receive a rating of ‘AAA’.                      Alastair Sim is a member of the global marketing
                                                board at SAS and responsible for the strategy and
   Therefore, the problem is that firms         marketing in EMEA.



                                                                                             Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 79
technology


                    High performance
                    banking technology
                                                        LINKING TECHNOLOGY FLOWS ALLOWS
                                                                                                       well-made
                                                        FIRMS TO ASSESS THEIR RELATIVE
                                                                                                       business decisions
                                                        EXPOSURES. NEW TECHNIQUES ARE
                                                        PROVIDING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
                                                                                                       are backed by
                                                        THE ABILITY TO MODEL REAL-TIME                 analytics that
                                                        DATA AS THEY STRIVE TO MEET NEW                extract relevant
                                     Jim Goodnight
                                                        REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS                        and insightful
                                                                                                       factors needed
                                                        I
                                     Chief Executive
                                     Officer
                                     SAS
                                                              n a recent conversation with the head
                                                              of risk analytics for a large global     to assist decision
                                                              bank, a comment was made that
                                                        is was a very good thing that the Dubai
                                                                                                       makers
                                                        debt crisis of November 2009 happened          to truly understand the performance of
                                                        over the US Thanksgiving holiday – the         the capital available to a bank, has caused
                                                        banking executive (who is located in the       bank managers to either aggressively
                                                        US) was thankful he was able to call all       extend credit or to not participate in the
                                                        his employees back into the office on that     market due to a lack of information. Due
                                                        Thursday.                                      partly to the limitations of traditional
                                                           The Thanksgiving holiday and the            reporting and ‘computational’ technology,
                                                        following weekend were used to prepare         banks have only been able to increase their
                                                        a detailed, cross-firm analysis of the         use of analytics within certain silos of
                                                        entire bank’s global exposures, liquidity      product offerings, but have not yet reached
                                                        and capital available. It took an army of      the goal of having ‘on-demand’ firm-wide
                                                        executives selected from various business      capabilities.
                                                        units, risk teams and technology support          The ability to do cross-product scenario,
                                                        groups three gruelling days to consolidate     stress-testing and firm-wide analysis of
                                                        the exposures, stress test the portfolios      required liquidity for funding of products
                                                        across all products and validate the capital   and analyse impact to capital required for
                                                        position. What typically took two weeks to     economic growth and to meet regulatory
                                                        compute was compressed into four days.         requirements is still a goal many banks
                                                        Teams of people worked in round-the-clock      and financial services firm are striving
                                                        runs of technology systems to calculate        for. Market events such as the Dubai debt
                                                        new views of risk and exposures. Hours         crisis or even the Lehman bankruptcy
                                                        of technology processing were required         have left banks and other financial firms
                                                        to recalculate the updated market pricing      scrambling to answer the questions of
                                                        formulas with new factors, run new market      what exposures do they have on hand?
                                                        scenarios and sensitivity analysis and         What will be the impact on capital? How
                                                        produce reports. The team barely made the      can I stress test the ‘firm-wide’ view of
                                                        deadline set by the CEO for a review on the    what assets are currently on the balance
                                                        Monday following the holiday.                  sheet to determine if additional losses are
                                                                                                       impending?
How to Run a Bank




                                                        Managing information
                                                        Not being able to wholly integrate the full    Finding the answer
                                                        cycle of credit management, combined with      A high-performance banking technology
                                                        the failure of market portfolio management     framework is the answer. Key elements


               68
              10    Article sponsored and contributed by SAS
CEO Agenda
                                                                                                            1. Modernisation – the
                                                                                                               pace of change in market
                                                                                                               conditions has dictated a
                                                                                                               step change in the desire to
                                                                                                               integrate risk types across
                                                                                                               the business.

                                                                                                            2. Better business
                                                                                                               decisions are based on an
                                                                                                               ability to see current state
                                                                                                               and remodel for future states
                                                                                                               in a high-performance
                                                                                                               environment.

                                                                                                            3. High-performance
                                                                                                               technology – combining
                                                                                                               model accuracy, integration,
                                                                                                               volume and speed.

                                                                                                            4. Optimised – advances
                                                                                                               in analytical model
                                                                                                               technology allows ‘real-time‘
include computing what you need to know        Well-made business decisions are backed                         optimisation of risk.
today – questions asked today cannot be        by analytics that extract only the very
answered with ‘stale’ information that         relevant and insightful factors needed to                    5. Competitive advantage
was computed yesterday. Some historical        assist the decision maker in their business.                    – high-performing banking
factors need to be archived and utilised       Advances in analytical model development                        technology concentrates
for the back testing of assumptions but        technology and methods exist today that                         on increasing the value
a high-performance banking technology          keep sophisticated models ‘fresh’ with the                      delivered to people who
solution relies on the ability to combine      principle factors to make better decisions.                     make decisions.
historical events, allows for the insertion    Model variables can be ‘optimised’ in real-
of new factors and to compute in real-         time as market conditions change.
time the ‘next’ iteration of the answer to       The impact of a local business unit
the question being asked.                      decision can only be accessed for ‘firm-
                                               wide’ impact when provided the capability
New technology                                 to aggregated information in real time.
Radical new technology exists right now        Transactional systems and the reporting
that goes beyond the computational             available from these systems has evolved to
advances that GRID technology represented      the extent that with the use of proper data
a few years back. Advanced technology that     quality and monitoring tools, confidence
integrates the computational matrices for      can be applied to the data used for decision
sophisticated analytics directly on to a CPU   making. What a high-performance
rich processing environment is a reality       technology approach allows for, is not only
for today’s banks. Entire data centres of      the rapid integration of these data sources,
traditional servers can be replaced with       but also the ‘real-time’ aggregation of the
an ‘appliance’ type of technology that         results of computational and analytical
provides integrated software and hardware      models. Traditional ‘cube’ technology still
– providing an analytics ‘analysis’ machine    takes hours and days to update once the
reducing days to minutes.                      results from the analytical models have
   Business decisions are made within          been computed. Advanced technological
established methods – focus on getting the     methods are available today in an ‘on-
key factors to support decision processes      demand’ manner to provide results to
in place – do not focus on having all data     business users as dynamically, updated
available. The traditional transaction         analytical information is produced.
and reporting approach that has been
a part of the banking industry is still a
necessary part of the banking business.
                                               biography:
                                                                                                                                               How to Run a Bank




                                               Dr Jim Goodnight is CEO of SAS, the world’s leading
Operational reporting is different from        business analytics software vendor. Dr Goodnight
                                               has been CEO of software vendor SAS since its
the predictive analytics used for helping      incorporation in 1976. He is an active speaker
business leaders make today’s decisions.       and participant at the World Economic Forum.



                                                                                             Article sponsored and contributed by SAS 69
SAS Institute Inc. World Headquarters                                   +1 919 677 8000
To contact your local SAS office, please visit: www.sas.com/offices
SAS and all other SAS Institute Inc. product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute Inc. in the USA
and other countries. ® indicates USA registration. Other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
Copyright © 2011, SAS Institute Inc. All rights reserved. 105186_S70951.0511

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Insights on How to Run a Credit Union: Blending new technologies with traditional techniques

  • 1. Insights on How to Run a Bank A selection of articles by thought leaders that appeared in previously published material from Financial Times Business Enterprises Ltd. Featuring: Jim Davis, Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer at SAS Jim Goodnight, CEO of SAS Myron Scholes, Nobel Laureate Alastair Sim, Senior Director of Marketing at SAS Chris Swecker, Independent Consultant at Swecker Enterprises
  • 2. HOW TO RUN A BANK Table of Contents Foreword ..........................................................................................................1 Connnecting with customers in a multi-channel world ................................4 Mitigating bank fraud: finding the right strategy ..........................................6 Transforming performance: the evolution of risk ..........................................8 High performance banking technology ........................................................10 i
  • 3. HOW TO RUN A BANK Foreword For more than 35 years, SAS has partnered with some of the most successful organizations in transforming the way the world works, from discovering revolutionary medical breakthroughs to developing innovations to ensure that business can get the right products to the right places at the right times. Such innovations have been born from both necessity and opportunity – both in reaction to changes in the world around us, and in anticipation of the changes yet to come. As an example, look at the world of the consumer, which has evolved from the comparatively simplistic, low-tech domain of a few decades ago to the constantly changing, complex one of today. In response, businesses have had to rapidly modernize and adapt in order to survive. Customer choice and fierce competition have sealed the fates of those too slow to respond. Arguably, no industry has faced greater changes and challenges than the financial services industry, which has witnessed dramatic highs and lows over the years in response to fluctuations in an unstable global economy. Exponential advancements in technology have enabled banks to trade across global markets, while giving customers unprecedented access to financial services through smartphones and other mobile devices. The result has been an explosion of data in staggering volumes pouring through financial systems and across the Internet. And while data is the lifeblood of any business, many organizations are finding themselves drowning in it, with no strategy for exploiting its potential. Recent strategic investments by banks have mainly concentrated on infrastructure and operational environments, but this is no longer the priority. Instead, banks are realizing the need to understand their customers like never before. Today’s customer expects – no, demands – to be treated as an individual. And for banks, insight and foresight are the keys to better serving each customer as an individual. Banks are on a path to realizing this potential both through the modernization of their decision-making processes and the ability to harness the ever-growing volumes of data. But there are still challenges ahead. The articles that follow address both the opportunities and obstacles that the financial services industry may encounter in the coming months and years as it embarks on this path. By sharing these articles with you, we are sharing both our experiences and those of other thought leaders as the banking industry looks to embed itself firmly in the digital age, with all the possibilities and perils that it brings. Industry-leading SAS® Analytics give organizations such as banks the power to know their customers, their markets and their risk exposures – and, ultimately, to determine their success. And we will continue to help transform the way the world works through analytics. Sincerely, Jim Goodnight, CEO 1
  • 4. chapter 6 Analytics: the power to know How to Run a Bank Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS
  • 5. section index 74 Connecting with customers in a multi-channel world: Jim Davis, chief marketing officer, SAS 76 Mitigating banks fraud: finding the right strategy: Chris Swecker, independent consultant, Swecker Enterprises 78 Transforming performance: The evolution of risk: Myron Scholes, Nobel Laureate and Alastair Sim, senior director for global marketing, SAS A nalytics has opened up the world to new possibilities and consumers’ expectations are changing. Banks must adapt in the post-crisis environment by looking at their customers more closely and using data to gain further insights. Jim Davis, SAS’s chief marketing officer, argues that customer behaviour is changing, but new marketing technologies are available for banks to better target their customers and improve relationships. Chris Swecker, an independent consultant at Swecker Enterprises, says data is key for banks to protect themselves and their clients from fraudulent activities. Myron Scholes, Nobel Laureate, and Alastair Sim, SAS’s senior director of marketing, reveal that risk management remains high on banks executives’ minds. They also discuss new approaches to traditional techniques. How to Run a Bank Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 73
  • 6. analytics: the power to know Connecting with customers in a multi-channel world BANKS THAT HAVE PERFORMED WELL customer needs, providing relevant THROUGHOUT THE CRISIS HAVE products and services cost-effectively and calculating the unique lifetime value UNDERSTOOD THEIR CUSTOMERS’ of customers to the institution. Further NEEDS. BUT THERE ARE STILL emphasising of analytically supported decision-making, related to multi-channel OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MARKETPLACE marketing optimisation and client service, will be critical to improving customer F inancial institutions have certainly experience, loyalty and profitability. Jim Davis demonstrated their resilience To illustrate this, one US financial Chief Marketing to challenging economic events institution is incrementally generating Officer and pressures over the course of modern $250m in revenue by using behavioural SAS history. However, the current period of models and predictive analytics to global economic upheaval has proven comb through more than 19 million to be one of the most complex evils the transactions per day from more than financial industry has ever faced, making 17 million customers. With the insight the road to recovery less of an uphill it derives, the bank delivers consistent trudge than an endless ride on an anxiety- messages to customers across all touch fuelled rollercoaster. points and channels. The solution also While some stability has returned to helps the bank understand and anticipate the banking industry following an intense future customer needs, using event-driven period of financial institution collapse technology to alert representatives when and consolidation, regulatory rigidity and significant behavioural changes occur so the slow-to-recover economy have severely that the bank can intervene immediately constrained a bank’s ability to grow its to address a new customer requirement or revenue and profits, forcing many to re- save an at risk relationship. engineer their processes to make them Consumer and business depositors will more efficient and cost-effective. Nowhere be more valuable to the banks than ever is this more apparent than in retail before; failure to communicate with these banking, where institutions must refocus customers at the right time, through the their efforts on improving customer right channel, with the right offer will service and retention efforts while slowly wear away the client base. Customer increasing each customer’s lifetime value. communications must be personalised and interactive and offer tailored products Understanding customer needs and services. This requires sophisticated Retail banks that will survive and thrive analytics and marketing automation How to Run a Bank in the current economic climate are technology to create customer insight, using new technologies and channels to increase interactions across channels, grow revenue from basic services, such and monitor and respond to changes in as deposits and loans, by understanding customer behaviours. 74 Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 4
  • 7. New channels customer relationships through closed- Social media is one evolving channel loop customer marketing processes with that will help banks to generate insights a complete view of customers and include on customer attitudes and preferences, the ability to: which can be used to inform marketing ■ Collect meaningful customer data from campaigns and help deliver better all channels, including social media, in customer experiences. However, an one place. August 2010 study, conducted by Harvard ■ Apply advanced predictive analytics Business Review and SAS, shows that for more accurate forecasting and insight banks lag behind other industries by into customers and households. 10% when it comes to using social ■ Match individual customer profiles to media to understand and communicate the most relevant offers. with customers. In fact, 57% of bankers ■ Run intelligent campaigns that account polled admitted that their social media for different customer interactions. efforts were ineffective, compared with ■ Learn from campaign results and build 43% of those polled from non-banking lessons back into the process to improve industries. future marketing and customer service For banks, social media has its pros and efforts. cons. One influencer can drive thousands In addition to the belt-tightening effects of potential customers to a website. of the recession, consumer behaviours However, that same influencer can and expectations have radically changed spread his or her dissatisfaction, causing in recent years, requiring banks to erosion in brand equity and profitability. improve outreach to customers and earn Regardless, embracing social media is not their trust and good old-fashioned loyalty. a choice for banks; it is an imperative. To accomplish this, banks have to meet Fortunately, as social media has evolved, customers where they work and play so too has the technology to understand – on the web, through mobile devices users and their networks. The myriad and social media sites. They can then benefits that come from analysing use the wealth of customer intelligence social media data include product and that is generated to create new product service quality improvements, assessing and service offerings, acquire and retain customer sentiment and uncovering customers, and maximise the profitability fraud rings. of each relationship. Improving value With the increasingly sophisticated biography Jim Davis is senior vice-president and chief customer analytics and marketing How to Run a Bank marketing officer at SAS, overseeing various automation technologies that exist strategic and operational functions. Mr Davis co-authored the book Information Revolution: today, retail banks have the perfect Using the Information Evolution Model to opportunity to improve the value of Grow Your Business. Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 75
  • 8. analytics: the power to know BANKS CAN NOW CONNECT WITH of fraud incidents through their own auditing processes. CLIENTS THROUGH A NUMBER OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS. BUT Finding the weak links FRAUD REMAINS A HUGE PROBLEM Consumers, retail merchants and business are weak links when it comes to virtual AND BANKS MUST STAY ONE security. They respond to phishing schemes STEP AHEAD TO PROTECT that solicit their most sensitive information, THEIR CUSTOMERS allow already imperfect anti-virus and spyware software to expire or disable the F inancial institutions are leaders programs, use vulnerable passwords and in delivering of a wide range of don’t cover their PIN numbers when using services and products via the an ATM. They are ill equipped to counter internet and mobile communication botnets, worms, malware and viruses such channels. Unfortunately, electronic crimes as the Zeus strain, which has stolen more targeting consumers and businesses have bank credentials than any other virus and become the most pervasive crime problem is linked to more than $100m in losses of this millennium. Financial institutions worldwide. These exploits spontaneously must realise that fraud undermines mutate to stay ahead of the latest detection customer confidence in the bank’s ability, software. or willingness, to protect its customers. The latest battleground is business Fraud rings have proliferated because account takeovers. These accounts being a professional fraud operator is typically hold higher balances to meet easy, profitable and presents low risk payroll and daily expenses, and often and high reward. Ironically, institutions the business customer has weak internal that pride themselves on fostering safeguards. Businesses are not afforded collaborative environments are being the same protections as individuals and out-networked by the bad guys, who thus are often held responsible for losses work in a communal ecosystem devoted when their accounts are compromised. exclusively to committing fraud around Businesses are especially vulnerable the clock. They are adept at exploitation because their information security, of gaping vulnerabilities caused by online banking protocols and technology compartmentalisation of fraud detection configuration are seldom as good as they units and the schism between the lines need to be. of business and fraud components, One important enabler is that fraud including inefficient management and receives scarce attention from top Chris Swecker use of data. Sadly, a recent survey of 230 executives unless a significant negative Independent banks by the Information Security Media media event occurs. Revenue growth Consultant Swecker Enterprises Group revealed that only 23% learn and business expansion are paramount; Mitigating bank fraud: finding the right strategy How to Run a Bank 76 Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 6
  • 9. when it comes to risk programmes, credit, market, counterparty and regulatory risks banks must break trump all others. As a result of scarce anti- down the traditional fraud resources and failure to deploy the most effective analytical tools available, separation fraud rings are able to exploit the bank’s between anti- inability to ‘connect the dots’. The FBI warns that professional money laundering fraud networks, not opportunistic individuals, are inflicting the greatest and fraud damage. These networks exploit the a shared database of historical alerts, ‘one fraud at a time’ detection tools and red flags, investigations, watch lists and technologies. Balkanisation of fraud customer claims can help combat fraud. detection components based on product Components that cannot be consolidated lines and delivery channels, technology should at least share a case management architecture that resembles a patchwork system. quilt and overall fragmentation of anti- fraud efforts severely hinder the ability to Prioritising the customer identify ring activity and deploy effective Once and for all banks must break down loss prevention strategies. Finally, industry the traditional separation between anti- co-operation must be established. money laundering and fraud. As the chief Identity impersonations account for of FinCEN has pointed out, fraud and more than $50bn in losses and directly money laundering are co-dependent. An affect close to 12 million people annually. effective anti-fraud strategy should focus Customers expect banks to protect them on expending resources on the greatest from this nightmare. Consider the highly problems, not just the next alert or case publicised Heartland Payment Systems/ that shows up in the case management TJ Maxx hacks, in which more than 140 system. The organisation must prioritise million credit/debit card transactions and direct scarce resources toward were compromised, affecting more than events that present the largest losses in 500 banks and countless customers. the aggregate, such as ring activity, and the greatest potential for recovery and Using data to prevent fraud prosecution. From the perspective of bank risk Ironically the tools and capability to executives, anti-fraud programmes are more effectively prevent and mitigate low priority because a lack of positive these losses are available. Banks must revenue and losses are built into budget develop a sense of urgency because their projections. They discount the impact customers will continue to be easy victims and reputational risk presented by a without decisive action. The ranks of fraud well-publicised negative experience on a thieves are increasing every day due to mass scale. They should view anti-fraud internet networking opportunities and strategies as a priority, not because of the the low risk of prosecution. monetary losses that are ‘acceptable’ from Fraud has become viral and will never be a balance sheet perspective, but rather solved by law enforcement. It is an industry because current and potential customers solution dependent on the awareness and feel vulnerable and exposed. Banks that sponsorship of bank executives at the fail to protect customers will lose them to highest levels. They must deploy the most competitors that grasp the problem and powerful analytics available, consolidate the potential opportunity. data and various fraud components, Fortunately, the banks themselves hold and make use of multilayered detection the most powerful weapon to predict and technology. It is not about the money; it prevent fraud – data. Banks hold a rich is about the customer. The customer must trove of information about customers, feel important and protected. After all, it transactions, accounts and broader trends is just good business to protect your most and patterns. The effective use and analysis important asset. of that data – real time and batched – can identify fraud patterns, anomalies and common data points that reveal biography associations between fraudulent accounts Chris Swecker is a practising attorney and and group fraud activity. One best practice independent consultant for Swecker Enterprises, is to form a small ‘ring identification team’ specialising in financial crimes and money- laundering mitigation strategies and is a to proactively identify the malignant social How to Run a Bank frequent guest expert speaker. He has 30 networks. Also, the consolidation of fraud years of experience in law enforcement, national security, legal, corporate security detection and investigative components and risk management positions including the third highest executive position in the FBI into a single platform and creation of and chief security officer for Bank of America. Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 77
  • 10. analytics: the power to know Transforming performance: the evolution of risk everybody’s concern and there needs to RISK HAS EMERGED AS AN IMPORTANT be a greater role for the risk function on PART OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD, AND the executive board. Ownership of the BANKS NEED TO MOVE AWAY FROM cultural change required to embrace risk across the institutions going forward has TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES AND to be driven by the CEO. Only then, by ADAPT TO THE NEW ENVIRONMENT determining the tone at the top, will the elements of this complex puzzle begin A s a result of the recent market to come together. So what have been the Myron Scholes shocks, banks, capital markets elements used to manage risk and how Nobel Laureate firms and asset managers are should risk management evolve? rethinking certain issues and focusing on integrating risk and reward trade-offs. To Risk and return do this, they are using portfolio theory Risk management has traditionally relied and planning for market shocks and the upon expert judgement coupled with a resulting impact on the business and narrow use of quantitative techniques. its divisions. Leading financial entities These techniques are being replaced are linking their portfolio risk with the by sophisticated analytics that make return on capital and integrating market traditional quantitative techniques more liquidity into their analyses in an attempt transparent and available to decision- to gain a more complete view of risk and makers by combining them with an return. As a result, optimisation of capital analytic decision framework that is deployed – rather than just a single view optimised for exposures and capital return. of risk exposures – has become the new Predictive, on-demand scenarios provide role of risk management. an up-to-the-minute, scenario-optimised Alastair Sim A recent survey of senior executives from view of risk and return, allowing executives Senior Director Global Marketing more than 300 global financial services to understand and integrate capital to SAS institutions, carried out by the Economist various asset classes and divisions of the Intelligence Unit on behalf of SAS, firm. By incorporating all elements of the revealed that one of the most important risk and reward equation – exposures, concerns of executives was a desire to return, capital reserves, capital deployed restore credibility in institutions, systems in various forms, firm liquidity and market and the industry. In the resulting report, liquidity – we now have the opportunity to ‘Rebuilding Trust’, strategic changes were provide and grow high-performance risk identified. Better communication and management capabilities within firms. analysis of information across the firm and As we continue to emerge from the How to Run a Bank communications between the executive global financial crisis, not only have banks team, the risk function and the business had to boost capital reserves, but the was seen to be of great importance. impact of sovereign nation debt has also Management of risk needs to be seen as constricted the flow of capital. This has 78 Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 8
  • 11. the potential to heighten the impact of market volatility, and with unanticipated traditional events, we are anticipating that there is techniques are the potential for an amplification effect of the volatility and market shocks. The being replaced ability to acquire capital for investment by sophisticated or to liquidate a position may accelerate more default events over the next few analytics which years as markets adjust to systemic changes in the market structure. bring transparency Although most firms use dynamic measures such as VaR to gauge the simply maximised along a truncated view sensitivity of results to short-run market of possible investment paths, assuming factor movements, they realise that they that recent volatilities and observed need to overlay these measures with correlations were the best indicators additional capital and static reserves to of future volatility and correlations. handle shocks. Correctly, entities realise Additionally, firms viewed planning for that short-term measures are inadequate. shocks and changes in the opportunity set However, new work is needed to measure as unnecessary or of little value. Risk had the size of needed risk reserves or cushions; been tamed, and risk officers had cried that is, how to dynamically adjust them wolf too many times to be heard. It turns and partition the cushion among the out that observed low portfolio volatilities various asset categories within an entity to largely contributed to low observed make more accurate risk and return trade- correlations. As a result, regulators and offs. This is a new direction for research. market participants believed that the The ability to enhance risk methodologies risks observed years ago were the risks of is due to advances in technology, the past; risks today were ‘understood’ and such as the SAS high-performance would remain as such into the foreseeable computational environment, that remove future. Market participants responded the computational complexity associated to this belief by increasing their own with multifactor, cross-firm, full-valuation risks through leverage, concentrating methods. holdings (becoming less diversified) and holding riskier positions, and Advantages of diversification reducing contingency reserves for shocks. Moving from theory to implementation Contingency reserves were reduced issues, market participants relied too because risk could be either diversified or heavily on recent market experience distributed through securitised products. (during the 1990s and 2000s) to frame Flexibility planning in the form of capital their views on risk and to calibrate their optimisation became less necessary with models. They concluded incorrectly that reduced uncertainty. the likely need and the resultant cost to adjust their holdings – and to reduce risks Advances in analytics in light of shocks and lack of liquidity in If risk had been controlled, these were the the market – were extremely low. They correct planning decisions. In retrospect, relied almost exclusively on the advantages relying too heavily on recent data – and of diversification across uncorrelated firm even ignoring recent minishocks – was activities and concluded that risks were the wrong decision. We had gone through controlled within the isolated portfolios; a long period of market quiescence; they relied too heavily on a limited set of risk had not been tamed. The business quantitative techniques to measure and cycle remains; datasets are too vast to plan on how to react to unexpected to understand all of the interactions market conditions. necessary to tame risk unless advances in They also relied extensively on analytics and technology are applied. external monitors, such as the rating Today’s high-performance computing agencies, to validate risks. The rating transforms the ability to address complex agencies failed to incorporate multiple, and often volatile business problems. simultaneous failures in their models; This is a new era in managing risk and they also overlooked the fact that recent business performance. market event data might not tell the complete story, or that the quality of biography Myron Scholes is widely known for his decisive the composition of structured products work in options pricing, capital markets and tax. might deteriorate over time as entities He is the co-originator of the Black-Scholes options How to Run a Bank pricing model, which earned him the Alfred Nobel reverse-engineered them to ‘just pass’ to Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1997. receive a rating of ‘AAA’. Alastair Sim is a member of the global marketing board at SAS and responsible for the strategy and Therefore, the problem is that firms marketing in EMEA. Chapter sponsored and contributed by SAS 79
  • 12. technology High performance banking technology LINKING TECHNOLOGY FLOWS ALLOWS well-made FIRMS TO ASSESS THEIR RELATIVE business decisions EXPOSURES. NEW TECHNIQUES ARE PROVIDING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS are backed by THE ABILITY TO MODEL REAL-TIME analytics that DATA AS THEY STRIVE TO MEET NEW extract relevant Jim Goodnight REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS and insightful factors needed I Chief Executive Officer SAS n a recent conversation with the head of risk analytics for a large global to assist decision bank, a comment was made that is was a very good thing that the Dubai makers debt crisis of November 2009 happened to truly understand the performance of over the US Thanksgiving holiday – the the capital available to a bank, has caused banking executive (who is located in the bank managers to either aggressively US) was thankful he was able to call all extend credit or to not participate in the his employees back into the office on that market due to a lack of information. Due Thursday. partly to the limitations of traditional The Thanksgiving holiday and the reporting and ‘computational’ technology, following weekend were used to prepare banks have only been able to increase their a detailed, cross-firm analysis of the use of analytics within certain silos of entire bank’s global exposures, liquidity product offerings, but have not yet reached and capital available. It took an army of the goal of having ‘on-demand’ firm-wide executives selected from various business capabilities. units, risk teams and technology support The ability to do cross-product scenario, groups three gruelling days to consolidate stress-testing and firm-wide analysis of the exposures, stress test the portfolios required liquidity for funding of products across all products and validate the capital and analyse impact to capital required for position. What typically took two weeks to economic growth and to meet regulatory compute was compressed into four days. requirements is still a goal many banks Teams of people worked in round-the-clock and financial services firm are striving runs of technology systems to calculate for. Market events such as the Dubai debt new views of risk and exposures. Hours crisis or even the Lehman bankruptcy of technology processing were required have left banks and other financial firms to recalculate the updated market pricing scrambling to answer the questions of formulas with new factors, run new market what exposures do they have on hand? scenarios and sensitivity analysis and What will be the impact on capital? How produce reports. The team barely made the can I stress test the ‘firm-wide’ view of deadline set by the CEO for a review on the what assets are currently on the balance Monday following the holiday. sheet to determine if additional losses are impending? How to Run a Bank Managing information Not being able to wholly integrate the full Finding the answer cycle of credit management, combined with A high-performance banking technology the failure of market portfolio management framework is the answer. Key elements 68 10 Article sponsored and contributed by SAS
  • 13. CEO Agenda 1. Modernisation – the pace of change in market conditions has dictated a step change in the desire to integrate risk types across the business. 2. Better business decisions are based on an ability to see current state and remodel for future states in a high-performance environment. 3. High-performance technology – combining model accuracy, integration, volume and speed. 4. Optimised – advances in analytical model technology allows ‘real-time‘ include computing what you need to know Well-made business decisions are backed optimisation of risk. today – questions asked today cannot be by analytics that extract only the very answered with ‘stale’ information that relevant and insightful factors needed to 5. Competitive advantage was computed yesterday. Some historical assist the decision maker in their business. – high-performing banking factors need to be archived and utilised Advances in analytical model development technology concentrates for the back testing of assumptions but technology and methods exist today that on increasing the value a high-performance banking technology keep sophisticated models ‘fresh’ with the delivered to people who solution relies on the ability to combine principle factors to make better decisions. make decisions. historical events, allows for the insertion Model variables can be ‘optimised’ in real- of new factors and to compute in real- time as market conditions change. time the ‘next’ iteration of the answer to The impact of a local business unit the question being asked. decision can only be accessed for ‘firm- wide’ impact when provided the capability New technology to aggregated information in real time. Radical new technology exists right now Transactional systems and the reporting that goes beyond the computational available from these systems has evolved to advances that GRID technology represented the extent that with the use of proper data a few years back. Advanced technology that quality and monitoring tools, confidence integrates the computational matrices for can be applied to the data used for decision sophisticated analytics directly on to a CPU making. What a high-performance rich processing environment is a reality technology approach allows for, is not only for today’s banks. Entire data centres of the rapid integration of these data sources, traditional servers can be replaced with but also the ‘real-time’ aggregation of the an ‘appliance’ type of technology that results of computational and analytical provides integrated software and hardware models. Traditional ‘cube’ technology still – providing an analytics ‘analysis’ machine takes hours and days to update once the reducing days to minutes. results from the analytical models have Business decisions are made within been computed. Advanced technological established methods – focus on getting the methods are available today in an ‘on- key factors to support decision processes demand’ manner to provide results to in place – do not focus on having all data business users as dynamically, updated available. The traditional transaction analytical information is produced. and reporting approach that has been a part of the banking industry is still a necessary part of the banking business. biography: How to Run a Bank Dr Jim Goodnight is CEO of SAS, the world’s leading Operational reporting is different from business analytics software vendor. Dr Goodnight has been CEO of software vendor SAS since its the predictive analytics used for helping incorporation in 1976. He is an active speaker business leaders make today’s decisions. and participant at the World Economic Forum. Article sponsored and contributed by SAS 69
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