In this project we were creating some stuff for you to see.

1. EQ: What were the Causes and
Effects of the Crusades?
Think Now:
What is this quote saying to you?
What does “his soul is protected by the armor of faith”,
mean?
What faith is the quote talking about and why is this
significant?
“A Templar Knight is truly a fearless knight, and secure on every side, for his
soul is protected by the armor of faith, just as his body is protected by the
armor of steel. He is thus doubly armed, and need fear neither demons nor
men.“
— Bernard de Clairvaux, c. 1135, De Laude Novae Militae—In Praise of the New

2. Describe the “Middle Age” society?
• Where did the Middle Ages take place?
• Describe the people in charge of this
“middle age” society and what were their
duties or roles?

4. Causes of the Crusades
Main Idea:
The Crusades, a series of attempts to gain Christian control of the
Holy Land, had a profound economic, political, and social impact on
the societies involved.
• European Christians launched • Jerusalem in control of North
series of religious wars, Crusades, African Muslims, Fatimids, late
in Middle Ages 1000s
• Goal to take Jerusalem, Holy • Turkish Muslims took control of
Land, away from Muslims Persia, other lands, persecuted
Christians visiting region
• Jerusalem site of Holy Temple of
Jews, also where Jesus crucified, • Turks attacked Byzantine Empire,
buried, was to come again destroyed army, 1071
• Vital to Christians to control city • Emperor turned to Western Europe,
Pope Urban II, for help

5. The Council of Clermont
Pope Urban II called church leaders to council in Clermont,
France
• Described dangers faced by Byzantines
• Called on Christian warriors to put aside differences, fight
against Turks
– Effective call to arms
– Hundreds of knights, nobles volunteered for Crusade
– Set out to meet foes with slogan “God wills it!”

6. Fighting the Crusades
Crusaders left France in 1096 in First Crusade. In all, nine Crusades
set out between 1096 and 1291 to claim or protect the Holy Land.
First Crusade Knights
• Crusaders in two groups, • Better trained in warfare than
peasants and knights peasants, but unprepared for
• Unskilled peasants answered hardship of journey
Pope’s call • Traveled three years
– Eager to fight non-Christians in • Siege of Jerusalem victory for
Holy Land Crusaders, disaster for city
– On the way attacked and
• Renamed four states in Holy
slaughtered German Jews
despite protests Land, intended to be
– Fell to Seljuk Turkish army at strongholds against future
Jerusalem Muslim conquests

7. Effects of the Crusades
Economic Changes
• Historic evidence of trade between Muslims, Byzantines, Europeans prior to
Crusades
• Crusades enhanced existing trade
• Returning Crusaders brought more goods, spices, textiles, to Europe
• Increase in trade added to changing European economy during Middle Ages
Political Changes Social Changes
• Crusades led to deaths of many • Some Europeans respected other
knights, nobles cultures, others intolerant
• Lands left vulnerable • Many viewed non-Christians as
• Other ambitious nobles took control enemies, persecuted Jews
of unoccupied lands • Holy Land Jews saw Crusaders as
• Nobles then had more power, cruel invaders
influence in Europe • Relations strained for centuries