Costs, Finances and Accountability for Sustainable WASH Services. IRC 2010

1. Pumps, Pipes and Promises Costs, Finances and Accountability for Sustainable WASH Services IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague

3. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague Substantial amounts of cash are necessary to keep a system running – out of which… ...only a small part can be covered by the community

5. “ The framework used by donors and international institutions is now sharply different from the reality of water and sanitation services in developing countries.” David Hall PSIRU Business School University of Greenwich

6. Cost comparisons are only valid if you have transparent consistent boundaries across all options: Cynthia Mitchell Institute for Sustainable Futures Which costs? Whose costs? When ?

7. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague Join WASH KnowledgePoint! for a strong WASH enquiry service http://knowledgepoint.org

8. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague Arjen Naafs IRC

9. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague Vippala Ratna Reddy LNRMI

10. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague

12. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague IRC

14. Required levels of spending on water and sanitation infrastructure, % of GDP Sources: Cashman and Ashley 2008, Hall and Lobina 2008 IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague Sources of finance and water connections in developing countries David Hall PSIRU Business School University of Greenwich

15. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague The requisite levels are thus not only affordable, they are affordable for the great majority of countries out of national economic resources alone, without need for government borrowing, and even if there were no assistance from donors at all. David Hall PSIRU Business School University of Greenwich Sources of finance and water connections in developing countries

16. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague Stephen Jones Royal Holloway, University of London

17. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague

18. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague Oliver Stoupy German Technical Coorperation GTZ

20. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague

21. AJ James ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited Almost every service in India has an unofficial price, whether it is getting a job as a school teacher, bagging a government contract as an NGO or escaping a traffic fine… Although few reliable estimates exist … the ‘percentage’ system…is a… drain on the national exchequer. Its organized chains of fund flow characterizes both political and the bureaucratic systems and affects all sectors, including water and sanitation.

22. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague “ [Communities] don’t know how to communicate with government and stakeholders.” Hatulai Community FGD “… the lack of civic education is the key factor preventing people to take responsibility for community infrastructure.” District Development Officer in Aileu District

23. Effective Public Finance for Sanitation? Public finance for sanitation is not enough and whatever is provided is usually not well spent. In Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania), 99% of funding goes to large systems which only serve 10% of the population. Success in rural Thailand shows that small amounts of public funding can go a very long way if allocated to the right things, such as sector knowledge infrastructure and credit schemes. Sophie Tremolet Tremolet Consulting

24. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague Projects are designed by consultants , who use published list prices to prepare project budgets including for specified pipes. Budgets are … based on these (high) prices and loans and investments accordingly. However in practice, all companies are willing to sell at large discounts . The largest discounts are found in the market for plastic pipe, related to the longer supply chains of agents and distributors, and can be up to 60% Alma Rocío Balcázar Corporación Transparencia por Colombia

25. IRC Symposium 2010 Pumps, Pipes and Promises 16-18 November, The Hague Good regulation and progress are possible even in corrupt environments. The key to this success can be identified in the use of a simple framework that is easily understood by all stakeholders in the sector. Also, the power of data and information being made public cannot be overly emphasized The View from Zambia Frederic Boehm GRANECO, Universidad del Norte, Colombia