LTE Advanced brings carrier aggregation which aggregates fragmented spectrum to provide higher peak data rates, it enables small cell range expansion through advanced interference management techniques like eICIC to allow more users to benefit from small cells, and it continues to evolve through additions like multi-flow carrier aggregation, enhanced heterogeneous networks, and expanding into new areas like device-to-device communications.

1. August 2013
LTE Advanced—
Leading in chipsets and
evolution
1

2. LTE Advanced: Leading in chipsets and evolution
1
Brings carrier aggregation—first
launch powered by Qualcomm
SnapdragonTM
2
Brings more capacity out
of small cells and enables
hyper-dense HetNets
3
4
A key enabler to the 1000x
mobile data challenge
Continues to evolve and
expand into new areas
Device to device, backhaul, broadcast,
higher bands and more
2

3. Different dimensions of improvements—most gain from HetNets
LTE Carrier #3
Leverage wider bandwidth
Carrier aggregation across
multiple carriers and multiple bands
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #4
Aggregated
Data Pipe
LTE Carrier #2
Leverage more antennas
Downlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhanced Multi User MIMO
and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Coordinated multipoint (CoMP)
MIMO
Higher spectral
efficiency
(bps/Hz)
Leverage HetNets
With advanced interference management (eICIC/IC)
Primarily higher
data rates
(bps)
LTE Carrier #5
LTE
Advanced
Up to
100 MHz
Small Cell
Higher spectral
efficiency per
coverage area
2
(bps/Hz/km )
3

4. First Carrier Aggregation
launched June 2013—powered
TM 800
by Snapdragon
4
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies Inc.

5. Carrier aggregation launched—key to enabling 150 Mbps
Carrier aggregation is the first step of LTE Advanced
Uplink
10 MHz + 10 MHz
Enables 150 Mbps peak data rates for typical
10MHz + 10MHz deployments
Downlink (Interband)
10 MHz
Band X
Band Y
Band X
World’s first launch powered by Qualcomm Technologies’
3rd generation Gobi modem
Snapdragon 800
8974
LTE Advanced
DL LTE
Carrier
MDM 9x25
LTE Advanced
DL LTE
Carrier
UL LTE
Carrier
Aggregated
Data Pipe
World’s first mobile device with LTE Advanced Carrier Aggregation
powered by Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 800 June 2013
Note: Snapdragon 800 includes 8974, which integrates our third generation Gobi LTE modem, but Gobi modems are also offered as a standalone modem product
5
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

6. Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Higher peak
data rates
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #4
Aggregated
Data Pipe
Up to
100 MHz
LTE Carrier #2
LTE Carrier #5
Higher user data rates
and lower latencies for
all users
More capacity for
typical ‘bursty’ usage1
Leverages all
spectrum assets
Carrier Aggregation—fatter pipe to enhance user experience
1
The typical bursty nature of usage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support more users at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are partially loaded which is typical
in real networks. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain between individal carriers and aggregated carriers,
6

7. Carrier aggregation leverages all spectrum assets
Balances load across carriers
Aggregate fragmented LTE spectrum within a band
or across bands to create a fatter data pipe
Aggregate within or across bands
(FDD or/and TDD)1
Better use of lower spectrum band’s wider coverage
e.g.
800 MHz
e.g. 10 MHz
e.g.
2.6 GHz
e.g. 10 MHz
e.g.
700MHz
e.g. 10 MHz
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #2
LTE Carrier #5
Aggregated
Data Pipe
Carrier 2
Smal cell
LTE Carrier #4
Aggregate unpaired spectrum for more
downlink capacity—supplemental downlink
Enhances HetNets
with multiple carriers
Supplemental Downlink
(FDD)
Macro
Small cell
Carrier 1
Example: Carrier 1 used for wide area macro coverage, but also by small cell, carrier 2 used by all nodes, but with lower power around macrocell. Frequency domain interference management (carrier aggregation) can be combined with eICIC (time domain coordination) interference mgnt
1Aggregation of either FDD or TDD from 3GPP R10 , aggregation of FDD and TDD within the same node and different nodes (multiflow) are 3GPP R12 candidates
7

8. Carrier aggregation increases capacity for typical network load
Bursty data applications
Carrier aggregation capacity gain
Burst Rate
(normalized)
6
2 10MHz Single Carriers
10MHz + 10MHz Carrier Aggregation
User experience
5
Data bursts
4
3
2
Partially
loaded
carriers
1
Capacity gain can exceed 2x
(for same user experience)1
0
0
Idle time
3
6
6
12
9
18
12
24
15
30
Load
(Mbps)
1 Carrier aggregation doubles burst rate for all users in the cell, which reduces over-the-air latency ~50%, but if the user experience is kept the same (same burst rate), multicarrier can instead support more users for partially loaded carriers. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users
(less loaded carrier) but less for many users (starting to resemble full buffer with limited gain). Source: Qualcomm simulations, 3GPP simulation framework, FTP traffic model with 1MB file size, 57 macro cells wrap -around, 500m ISD (D1), 2x2 MIMO, TU3, NLOS, 15 degree downtilt 2GHz spectrum.,
8

9. Qualcomm positioned to lead in LTE carrier aggregation
Key to high data rates while
maximizing use of fragmented spectrum
45+ band combinations are being
identified in 3GPP
Q2 2012
Q1 2013
Future
33
45
60+
CA combinations
CA combinations
CA combinations?
24
Inter-band
9
Intra-band
34
11
Inter-band
Intra-band
More spectrum
> 20 MHz aggregation
3 carrier DL aggregation
2 carrier UL aggregation
TDD + FDD aggregation
9
Components/configurations of the type(s) mentioned in this slide are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries..

10. Advanced multiple antenna
techniques for more capacity
10

11. More antennas—large gain from receive diversity
Downlink
1.7x
Diversity,
MIMO
(+ 2 x 2 MIMO)
1x
NodeB
4 Way
Receive
Diversity
Device
2 x 2 MIMO
LARGE GAIN,
NO STANDARDS OR
NETWORK IMPACT
MAINSTREAM
COMMERCIAL
Relative spectral efficiency
Note: LTE Advanced R10 and beyond adds up to 8x8 Downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Simulations: 3GPP framework, 21 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 10MHz FDD,
carrier freq 2GHz, 25 UEs per cell, TU 3km/h, full-buffer traffic, no imbalance or correlation among antennas. 2x4 MIMO used for receive diversity gain of 1.7x compared to 2x2 MIMO, similarly 2x3 diversity provides a 1.3x gain over 2x2 MIMO
11

12. Leverage multiple antennas with fiber installations
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) progression for more capacity and better user experience
Coordinated
beamforming
Coordinated
scheduling
Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
Macro
Joint
transmission
Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
Same or different cell identity across multiple cells
Central
processing/scheduling
(requires low latency fiber)
12
Note: CoMP enabled by TM9 or TM10 transmission modes in the device and network. Picture focuses on downlink CoMP techniques, CoMP also applies to the uplink

13. Small cell
Range Expansion
Higher capacity, network load balancing, enhanced user experience, user fairness
It’s not just about adding small cells — LTE Advanced brings
even more capacity and enables hyper-dense HetNets1
1By applying
advanced interference management to HetNets, a.k.a eICIC/IC
13

14. 1X
Small cell
Range Expansion
(eICIC/IC)
Macro
Only
LTE R8
Macro+
4 Picos
with Range Expansion
LTE Advanced
1.4X
LTE R8
2.8X
Macro+
4 Picos
Data rate improvement2
Increased network capacity and enhanced user experience
1By applying
advanced interference management to HetNets. 2Median downlink data rate. Assumptions: 4 Picos added per macro and 33% of users dropped in clusters closer to picos (hotspots) : 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 users and 500m ISD. Advanced interference management:
enhanced time-domain adaptive resource partitioning, advanced receiver devices with enhanced RRM and RLM1Similar gain for the uplink
14

15. More users benefit from small cells with range expansion
Range expansion
More users on small cell2
better macro offload
Range Expansion
LTE R8
82%
Small cell
57%
37%
Enabled By:
Adaptive Resource Partitioning (eICIC)1
Advanced Receiver Devices with Interference Cancellation (IC)
6%
2
12%
4
26%
10
Number of Picos per Macro Cell
Assumptions: TR 36.814, Macro ISD=500m, 100 antenna downtilt 25 UEs per Macro cell, uniform random layout, 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO.
1 And enhanced RRM and RLM to allow handover to weak cells, to maintain reliable link with weak cells, and to provide accurate feedback with resource partitioning. Standards name eICIC: Enhanced
inter-cell interference coordination 2For uniform, random user distribution
15

16. Adaptive
resource
partitioning
(eICIC)1
Advanced
receiver
devices
(IC)2
Full backward
compatibility
(ABS)3
Advanced Interference Management (eICIC/IC)
The Secret Sauce
1
eICIC (R10) and FeICIC (R11) stands for (Further) enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination 2IC (R11) stands for Interference Cancellation 3ABS (R10) is to continue to transmit overhead channels in ‘Almost Blank Subframes’ to support legacy devices
16

17. Adaptive resource partitioning (eICIC):
Time
Macro
Small
Cells
Macro
Small
Cells
Macro
Small
Cells
eICIC (R10) stands for enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination (coordination in the time domain). Also need enhanced RRM and RLM to allow handover to weak cells, to maintain reliable link with weak cells, and to provide accurate feedback with resource
17
partitioning.

18. To discover
Small Cells
To enable higher
data rates
To enable full
range expansion
Advanced receiver devices with interference cancellation
Cancelling overhead channels benefits all deployment scenarios,
but most gain together with network interference coordination (eICIC)
Device interference cancellation cancels overhead channels such as such as synch, broadcast and common reference signal(CRS). Performance requirements part of 3GPP R11
18

19. Our LTE Advanced testbed today—your network tomorrow
Our Over-The-Air HetNet
Macrocells and picocells in a co-channel
deployment since March 2011
Demonstrating pico discovery and range
expansion with mobility since 2012
Opportunistic Hetnets with full VoIP
mobility demonstrated since 2013
Evaluating the design and features to realize
the full benefits of heterogeneous networks
19

20. LTE Advanced
is a key enabler to the 1000x
mobile data challenge
20

21. LTE Advanced is a key enabler to the 1000x data challenge
1000x
Continue to evolve LTE:
Multiflow, Hetnets enhancements
Opportunistic HetNets
LTE Direct for proximity services
LTE Broadcast
Carrier Aggregation (TDD and FDD)
Authorized Shared Access (ASA)
Higher spectrum bands (esp. TDD)
Hetnets with eICIC/IC
interference management
New deployment models, e.g.
neighborhood small cells
Note: neighborhood small cells and ASA are not covered in this presentation, see www.q ualcomm.com/hetNets and www.qual;comm.com/spectrum for more details.
21

22. ~37X
SMALL CELL
SMALL
~21X CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
~11X CELL
SMALL
~6X
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
+16 Small
Cells
Capacity scales with small cells
+32 Small
Cells
added 1
LTE Advanced with 2x Spectrum added
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
+8 Small
Cells
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
+4 Small
Cells
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
LTE Advanced, showing what is possible now, add spectrum and
improved techniques for gradual increase towards 1000x
Roadmap to 1000x: Capacity scales with small cells deployed
thanks to advanced interference management (eICIC/IC)
1
Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + 10MHz@3.6GHz,D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distribution scenario. Gain is median throughput improvement, from baseline with macro only on 10MHz@2GH, part of gain is addition of 10MHz
spectrum. Users uniformly distributed—a hotspot scenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel)
22

23. Enhanced
HetNets
Tighter Wi-Fi
interworking
M2M
enhancements
LTE expanding
into new areas
Such as Opportunistic HetNets,
Multiflow, next gen.
advanced receivers
Further enhancements—3GPP R12 and Beyond
LTE Advanced continues to evolve and expand into new areas
23

24. HetNets: combining multiple cells and technologies
WAN
‘Anchor’
WAN
‘Booster’
Wi-Fi
‘Booster’
Macro
Small Cell
Across carriers1,
across FDD/TDD2
Improved offload
to small cells
1
Across cells
—multiflow2
Efficient network
load balancing
Carrier aggregation from R10 LTE within FDD or TDD. 2 Multiflow is a 3GPP R12 LTE candidate., as well as FDD and TDD aggregation. 3 RAN interworking across LTE, HSPA+ and Wi-Fi is a 3GPP R12 candidate.
Interworking across
technologies3
Improved
mobility
24

25. HetNets: next generation advanced receivers
To mitigate interference—even
more beneficial in dense HetNets
LTE advanced can cancel
common signaling1
Next step for LTE advanced:
further enhanced LTE receivers2
Inter cell
interference
Serving cell
Interference Cancellation
1 Performance
requirement added to 3GPP for cancellation of common signaling (PSS/SSS/PBCH/CRS) in Rel 10/11. 2 Broad study on UE interference suppression with & without network assistance in 3GPP R12
25

26. Dense HetNets: opportunistic small cells
Reduces energy
consumption
Reduces interference to
further improve capacity
Possible today1
Device triggered small cells
(on/dormant)
1
Dormant small cells triggered by the presence of active devices in the vicinity
26

27. Tighter Wi-Fi—3G/4G interworking
Convergence of Cellular
and Wi-Fi Infrastructure
1) Seamless Access—
Passpoint/Hotspot 2.01
2) Operator Deployed Wi-Fi
access managed via 3G/4G2
Combine Wi-Fi
and 3G/4G
1 Passpoint is the WFA certified implementation of hotspot 2.0, (supported by QCA, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.), which enables a simpler, secure and seamless access to Wi-Fi networks.
2 Such as more dynamic control of which traffic to offload to Wi-Fi through device centric and/or network centric solutions. Standards enhancements for RAN network centric interworking approaches considered for
R12 and beyond.
27

28. Machine to machine communication enhancements
Low data rate
FURTHER 3GPP R12
ENHANCEMENTS SUCH AS:
Small data size
New low data-rate device category
Infrequent transmissions
/receptions
Limited power source
Bundling and long repetitions
Low cost
Long range
New dormant state
Reduced signaling
Increased
battery life
28

29. LTE evolving and expanding into new areas
Same content
~3.5 GHz
LTE Direct: integrated device to
device discovery & communication
for proximity services
Backhaul solutions with
LTE waveform line of sight,
non line of sight, relays
First step towards
higher bands
Enhancements to
support much higher
spectrum bands
Dynamic LTE broadcast,
also going into areas
beyond mobile
29

30. Summary: Qualcomm LTE advanced leadership
Standards Leadership
Industry-first Demos
A main contributor to key
LTE Advanced features
Major contributor for ITU
IMT-Advanced submission
Instrumental in driving eICIC/IC
MWC 2011: Live HetNet Demo
MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air HetNet
Demo with Mobility
MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic
HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility.
Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo
Industry-first Chipsets
Third generation Gobi LTE modem
launched June 13’ with carrier aggregation in
Snapdragon 800
8974
LTE Advanced
MDM 9x25
LTE Advanced
Snapdragon 800
30
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

31. Questions? - Connect with Us
www.qualcomm.com/technology
http://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangam
BLOG
@Qualcomm_tech
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8AD95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp
http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution
http://storify.com/qualcomm_tech
31

32. Thank you
Follow us on:
For more information on Qualcomm, visit us at:
www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog
©2013 QUALCOMM Incorporated and/or its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved . Qualcomm, Snapdragon, and Gobi, are trademarks of QUALCOMM Incorporated, registered in
the United States and other countries.
References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units within the
Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.
Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s engineering, research and devel opment functions, and substantially all of its
product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QMC.
32

33. A strong LTE evolution path
2013
FDD and TDD
support
Enhanced voice fallback (CSFB),
VoLTE, LTE Broadcast (eMBMS)
Rel -9
Rel -8
LTE
DL: 73 – 150 Mbps1
UL: 36 – 75 Mbps1
(10 MHz – 20 MHz)
1Peak
2014
2015
Carrier Aggregation, relays,
HetNets (eICIC/IC), Adv MIMO
Rel -10
Realizes full benefits of
HetNets (FeICIC/IC)
Rel-11
2016+
LTE Direct, Hetnets enhancements,
Multiflow, WiFi interworking,
Rel -12 & Beyond
LTE Advanced
DL: 3 Gbps2
UL: 1.5 Gbps2
( Up to 100 MHz)
rates for 10 MHz or 20 MHz FDD using 2x2 MIMO, standard supports 4x4 MIMO enabling peak rates of 300 Mbps.
2 Peak data rate can exceed 1 Gbps using 4x4 MIMO and at least 80 MHz of spectrum (carrier aggregation), or 3GBps with 8x8
MIMO and 100MHz of spectrum. Similarly, the uplink can reach 1.5Gbps with 4x4 MIMO.
Commercial
Note: Estimated commercial dates.
33
Created 7/18/2013