SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 57
Authority, Delegation  Motivation
Responsibility   The duty to perform the task or activity an employer has been assigned
Accountability   ,[object Object]
Chain of command   ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
M D DIRECTOR RESEARCH DIRECTOR PUBLIC RELATIONS G M G M PRODUCTION G M M M M
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legitimate Power ,[object Object]
Expert Power ,[object Object]
Reward Power ,[object Object]
Referent Power ,[object Object]
Coercive Power ,[object Object],Physical sanctions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Delegated Power ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Culture ,[object Object]
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE   ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Manifestation of Org. Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Creating Org. Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Maintenance of Org. Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changing or Org. Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Guidelines for changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Self Actualization Esteem Social
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Motivation-Hygiene Theory The Theory that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction .
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Management functions and decision making
Management functions and decision makingManagement functions and decision making
Management functions and decision makingIva Walton
 
Management Approaches
Management ApproachesManagement Approaches
Management ApproachesJanet Tibaldo
 
organising - principles of management
organising - principles of managementorganising - principles of management
organising - principles of managementSneha Srinivasan
 
Organizing and Staffing
Organizing and StaffingOrganizing and Staffing
Organizing and StaffingMinalBhandari2
 
Basics of management
Basics of managementBasics of management
Basics of managementJake Pocz
 
Principles and practice of management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Principles and practice of management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba Principles and practice of management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Principles and practice of management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba Babasab Patil
 
Top Level Management
Top Level ManagementTop Level Management
Top Level ManagementAman Anand
 
Principles of Management Lec-1
Principles of Management Lec-1Principles of Management Lec-1
Principles of Management Lec-1Muhammad Akram
 
Management principals
Management principalsManagement principals
Management principalsManoj Reddy
 
Basics of management
Basics of managementBasics of management
Basics of managementJake Pocz
 
Chapter 5 - Organizing and Delegating Work
Chapter 5 - Organizing and Delegating WorkChapter 5 - Organizing and Delegating Work
Chapter 5 - Organizing and Delegating Workdpd
 
Introduction to management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Introduction to management  ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mbaIntroduction to management  ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Introduction to management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mbaBabasab Patil
 
Chapter 10 designing adaptive organizations(1)
Chapter 10 designing adaptive organizations(1)Chapter 10 designing adaptive organizations(1)
Chapter 10 designing adaptive organizations(1)Joy Villasenor
 
Organization theories by Behshad Mehrabi
Organization theories by Behshad MehrabiOrganization theories by Behshad Mehrabi
Organization theories by Behshad MehrabiBehshad mehrabi
 

Mais procurados (20)

Management functions and decision making
Management functions and decision makingManagement functions and decision making
Management functions and decision making
 
Management Approaches
Management ApproachesManagement Approaches
Management Approaches
 
Management chap 1
Management chap 1Management chap 1
Management chap 1
 
organising - principles of management
organising - principles of managementorganising - principles of management
organising - principles of management
 
Organizing and Staffing
Organizing and StaffingOrganizing and Staffing
Organizing and Staffing
 
Principles of management
Principles of managementPrinciples of management
Principles of management
 
Basics of management
Basics of managementBasics of management
Basics of management
 
Principles and practice of management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Principles and practice of management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba Principles and practice of management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Principles and practice of management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
 
Top Level Management
Top Level ManagementTop Level Management
Top Level Management
 
Co ordination
Co ordinationCo ordination
Co ordination
 
Principles of Management Lec-1
Principles of Management Lec-1Principles of Management Lec-1
Principles of Management Lec-1
 
Function of Management
Function of ManagementFunction of Management
Function of Management
 
Chap 1 introduction to management
Chap 1 introduction to managementChap 1 introduction to management
Chap 1 introduction to management
 
Management principals
Management principalsManagement principals
Management principals
 
Basics of management
Basics of managementBasics of management
Basics of management
 
Chapter 5 - Organizing and Delegating Work
Chapter 5 - Organizing and Delegating WorkChapter 5 - Organizing and Delegating Work
Chapter 5 - Organizing and Delegating Work
 
Introduction to management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Introduction to management  ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mbaIntroduction to management  ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Introduction to management ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
 
Chapter 10 designing adaptive organizations(1)
Chapter 10 designing adaptive organizations(1)Chapter 10 designing adaptive organizations(1)
Chapter 10 designing adaptive organizations(1)
 
Delegation Skills
Delegation SkillsDelegation Skills
Delegation Skills
 
Organization theories by Behshad Mehrabi
Organization theories by Behshad MehrabiOrganization theories by Behshad Mehrabi
Organization theories by Behshad Mehrabi
 

Destaque

Principles of Management
Principles of ManagementPrinciples of Management
Principles of ManagementMuhammad Akram
 
What is Human Resources Management?
What is Human Resources Management?What is Human Resources Management?
What is Human Resources Management?Dr. Ayşe Kocabacak
 
LEADERSHIP STYLES BASED ON EVENT.
LEADERSHIP STYLES BASED ON EVENT.LEADERSHIP STYLES BASED ON EVENT.
LEADERSHIP STYLES BASED ON EVENT.Faimin Khan
 
Client service vs. customer service may 2011
Client service vs. customer service may 2011Client service vs. customer service may 2011
Client service vs. customer service may 2011Iggynatz
 
Principles of Management
Principles of ManagementPrinciples of Management
Principles of ManagementMuhammad Akram
 
Principles of Management
Principles of ManagementPrinciples of Management
Principles of ManagementMuhammad Akram
 
Authority relationship
Authority relationshipAuthority relationship
Authority relationshipRADHIKA GUPTA
 
What is a customer centric culture?
What is a customer centric culture?What is a customer centric culture?
What is a customer centric culture?MarketCulture
 
Principles of Management Lec-2
Principles of Management Lec-2Principles of Management Lec-2
Principles of Management Lec-2Muhammad Akram
 
Principles of Management
Principles of ManagementPrinciples of Management
Principles of ManagementMuhammad Akram
 
Delegation of authority, responsibility and Decntralization
Delegation of authority, responsibility and DecntralizationDelegation of authority, responsibility and Decntralization
Delegation of authority, responsibility and DecntralizationRajan Neupane
 
The One Minute Manager by Muhammad Akram
The One Minute Manager by Muhammad AkramThe One Minute Manager by Muhammad Akram
The One Minute Manager by Muhammad AkramMuhammad Akram
 

Destaque (20)

Authority & responsibility(7)
Authority & responsibility(7)Authority & responsibility(7)
Authority & responsibility(7)
 
Resposnibility and delegation
Resposnibility and delegationResposnibility and delegation
Resposnibility and delegation
 
Principles of Management
Principles of ManagementPrinciples of Management
Principles of Management
 
What is Human Resources Management?
What is Human Resources Management?What is Human Resources Management?
What is Human Resources Management?
 
LEADERSHIP STYLES BASED ON EVENT.
LEADERSHIP STYLES BASED ON EVENT.LEADERSHIP STYLES BASED ON EVENT.
LEADERSHIP STYLES BASED ON EVENT.
 
Results based accountability 101 active (2009)
Results based accountability 101 active (2009)Results based accountability 101 active (2009)
Results based accountability 101 active (2009)
 
Business Beam
Business BeamBusiness Beam
Business Beam
 
Client service vs. customer service may 2011
Client service vs. customer service may 2011Client service vs. customer service may 2011
Client service vs. customer service may 2011
 
Principles of Management
Principles of ManagementPrinciples of Management
Principles of Management
 
Personal accountability
Personal accountability Personal accountability
Personal accountability
 
Principles of Management
Principles of ManagementPrinciples of Management
Principles of Management
 
Authority relationship
Authority relationshipAuthority relationship
Authority relationship
 
What is a customer centric culture?
What is a customer centric culture?What is a customer centric culture?
What is a customer centric culture?
 
Principles of Management Lec-2
Principles of Management Lec-2Principles of Management Lec-2
Principles of Management Lec-2
 
Principles of Management
Principles of ManagementPrinciples of Management
Principles of Management
 
Auhtority and responsibilty
Auhtority and responsibiltyAuhtority and responsibilty
Auhtority and responsibilty
 
Principles Of Management
Principles Of ManagementPrinciples Of Management
Principles Of Management
 
Delegation of authority, responsibility and Decntralization
Delegation of authority, responsibility and DecntralizationDelegation of authority, responsibility and Decntralization
Delegation of authority, responsibility and Decntralization
 
The One Minute Manager by Muhammad Akram
The One Minute Manager by Muhammad AkramThe One Minute Manager by Muhammad Akram
The One Minute Manager by Muhammad Akram
 
The Customer Centric Organisation
The Customer Centric OrganisationThe Customer Centric Organisation
The Customer Centric Organisation
 

Semelhante a Principles of Management

Semelhante a Principles of Management (20)

Motivation, satisfaction and performance
Motivation, satisfaction and performanceMotivation, satisfaction and performance
Motivation, satisfaction and performance
 
Chapter 8 empowerment and participation & managing change
Chapter 8 empowerment and participation & managing change Chapter 8 empowerment and participation & managing change
Chapter 8 empowerment and participation & managing change
 
MBA MCO101 Unit 8b Lecture 9 200806xx
MBA MCO101 Unit 8b Lecture 9 200806xxMBA MCO101 Unit 8b Lecture 9 200806xx
MBA MCO101 Unit 8b Lecture 9 200806xx
 
Organisation Development
Organisation DevelopmentOrganisation Development
Organisation Development
 
Mba i ob u 4.3 organization CHANGE
Mba i  ob  u 4.3 organization CHANGEMba i  ob  u 4.3 organization CHANGE
Mba i ob u 4.3 organization CHANGE
 
Organizational culture and environment
Organizational culture and environmentOrganizational culture and environment
Organizational culture and environment
 
Organizational change
Organizational changeOrganizational change
Organizational change
 
Organizational Climate Survey
Organizational Climate SurveyOrganizational Climate Survey
Organizational Climate Survey
 
Directing_2011
Directing_2011Directing_2011
Directing_2011
 
Day 7
Day 7Day 7
Day 7
 
Hs300 m5 1 staffing
Hs300 m5 1 staffingHs300 m5 1 staffing
Hs300 m5 1 staffing
 
Management Chapter13
Management Chapter13Management Chapter13
Management Chapter13
 
understanding change
understanding changeunderstanding change
understanding change
 
Oragnization change group6
Oragnization change group6Oragnization change group6
Oragnization change group6
 
Motivating Employees
Motivating EmployeesMotivating Employees
Motivating Employees
 
Management skills
Management skillsManagement skills
Management skills
 
Business Ethic
Business EthicBusiness Ethic
Business Ethic
 
Day 7
Day 7Day 7
Day 7
 
MGMT 374 Week 5 Lecture PowerPoint
MGMT 374 Week 5 Lecture PowerPointMGMT 374 Week 5 Lecture PowerPoint
MGMT 374 Week 5 Lecture PowerPoint
 
Structure, Culture and Change
Structure, Culture and ChangeStructure, Culture and Change
Structure, Culture and Change
 

Último

20200128 Ethical by Design - Whitepaper.pdf
20200128 Ethical by Design - Whitepaper.pdf20200128 Ethical by Design - Whitepaper.pdf
20200128 Ethical by Design - Whitepaper.pdfChris Skinner
 
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdf
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdfWSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdf
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdfJamesConcepcion7
 
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic ExperiencesUnveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic ExperiencesDoe Paoro
 
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in LifePlanetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in LifeBhavana Pujan Kendra
 
PSCC - Capability Statement Presentation
PSCC - Capability Statement PresentationPSCC - Capability Statement Presentation
PSCC - Capability Statement PresentationAnamaria Contreras
 
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...ssuserf63bd7
 
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdfDarshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdfShashank Mehta
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdfShaun Heinrichs
 
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring CapabilitiesOnemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring CapabilitiesOne Monitar
 
Send Files | Sendbig.comSend Files | Sendbig.com
Send Files | Sendbig.comSend Files | Sendbig.comSend Files | Sendbig.comSend Files | Sendbig.com
Send Files | Sendbig.comSend Files | Sendbig.comSendBig4
 
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...Operational Excellence Consulting
 
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applications
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applicationsIntroducing the Analogic framework for business planning applications
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applicationsKnowledgeSeed
 
Entrepreneurship lessons in Philippines
Entrepreneurship lessons in  PhilippinesEntrepreneurship lessons in  Philippines
Entrepreneurship lessons in PhilippinesDavidSamuel525586
 
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource Centre
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource CentreJewish Resources in the Family Resource Centre
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource CentreNZSG
 
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024Adnet Communications
 
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...Peter Ward
 
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03DallasHaselhorst
 
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare NewsletterHealthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare NewsletterJamesConcepcion7
 
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan Dynamics
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan DynamicsWelding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan Dynamics
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan DynamicsIndiaMART InterMESH Limited
 

Último (20)

20200128 Ethical by Design - Whitepaper.pdf
20200128 Ethical by Design - Whitepaper.pdf20200128 Ethical by Design - Whitepaper.pdf
20200128 Ethical by Design - Whitepaper.pdf
 
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdf
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdfWSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdf
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdf
 
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic ExperiencesUnveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
 
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in LifePlanetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
 
PSCC - Capability Statement Presentation
PSCC - Capability Statement PresentationPSCC - Capability Statement Presentation
PSCC - Capability Statement Presentation
 
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
 
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdfDarshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
 
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring CapabilitiesOnemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
 
Send Files | Sendbig.comSend Files | Sendbig.com
Send Files | Sendbig.comSend Files | Sendbig.comSend Files | Sendbig.comSend Files | Sendbig.com
Send Files | Sendbig.comSend Files | Sendbig.com
 
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...
The McKinsey 7S Framework: A Holistic Approach to Harmonizing All Parts of th...
 
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applications
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applicationsIntroducing the Analogic framework for business planning applications
Introducing the Analogic framework for business planning applications
 
WAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdf
WAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdfWAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdf
WAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdf
 
Entrepreneurship lessons in Philippines
Entrepreneurship lessons in  PhilippinesEntrepreneurship lessons in  Philippines
Entrepreneurship lessons in Philippines
 
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource Centre
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource CentreJewish Resources in the Family Resource Centre
Jewish Resources in the Family Resource Centre
 
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
 
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
 
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
 
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare NewsletterHealthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
 
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan Dynamics
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan DynamicsWelding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan Dynamics
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan Dynamics
 

Principles of Management

  • 2. Responsibility The duty to perform the task or activity an employer has been assigned
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. M D DIRECTOR RESEARCH DIRECTOR PUBLIC RELATIONS G M G M PRODUCTION G M M M M
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48. Motivation-Hygiene Theory The Theory that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction .
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.