2. Why use sources? Add credibility to your writing Provide background Give several points of view Call attention to another position Highlight striking phrases, sentences or passages Show that words are not your own Expand your writing with ideas that are not yours
3. How to use sources Direct Quote Paraphrase Summarize
4. Quotations Only use a direct quotation when you have a good reason to. Quotations may be writing tools for the lazy.
5. Quotations Identical to the original Use only a small bit of the original Match the source word for word Be attributed to the original author (including page #)
6. Paraphrasing Putting a passage into your words Attributed to the original source Shorter than the original Usually condenses information slightly
7. Paraphrasing Is better than quoting from an ordinary passage Helps you to not quote too much Helps you to grasp the meaning of your source
8. Paraphrasing Is better than quoting from an ordinary passage Helps you to not quote too much Helps you to grasp the meaning of your source
9. Five steps to paraphrase Read the original for complete understanding Put the original away. Write on a clean piece of paper Check your paraphrase against the original Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or borrowed exactly from the source Record the source (including the page) on your notes so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
10. Still having trouble? Change the sentence structure and then the words, or vice versa. Break-up long sentences Combine shorter sentences Work on understanding the original passage as a whole idea. Don’t paraphrase unnecessary material. You can use direct quotations in a paraphrase as long as you cite them accordingly. You do not have to omit details (like a summary).
11. In your paraphrase Always cite the original source Include page numbers or other identifying information when available
12. Summarizing Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.
13. Summarizing Put the main idea(s) into your own words include only the main point(s). attribute summarized ideas to the original source
14. Parenthetical citation Citation in the body of your writing In MLA style, it includes the author’s last name and the page number If there is no page number, you obviously cannot give the page number.
15. Examples of parenthetical citations for quotations with page #s Jefferson attacked “taxation without representation” (32).
16. Examples of parenthetical citations for quotations with page #s Dorothea Brooke noted that her sister was “a wonderful little almanac” (7).
17. Examples of parenthetical citations with no page #s Fukuyama’s Our Posthuman Future includes many examples of this trend. But Anthony Hunt has offered another view. Kurosawa’s Rashomonwas one of the first Japanese films to attract a Western audience. Chan considers the same topic in the context of Hong Kong cinema.
Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writingRefer to work that leads up to the work you are now doingGive examples of several points of view on a subjectCall attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree withHighlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the originalDistance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are not your ownExpand the breadth or depth of your writing
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
