1. Solids, Liquids and Gases

2.  All matter is made of atoms and molecules,
which we will call particles.
 All particles vibrate or move because they have
energy.
 The state of matter they are in depends on how
strongly they are attracted to each other, how
fast they move and how much energy they
have.

3.  Matter that has defined shape and volume is
considered to be solid.
 Particles in a solid have high attraction for each
other. The particles vibrate in place and don’t
have enough energy to get away from each
other
 Two types of solids:
 Crystalline – particles in a repeating formation
 Amorphous – randomly oriented particles

4.  A solid has defined space and volume. It will
not take the shape of the container unless
energy is expended to make it a different
shape. (think, of an ice cube in a cup)

5.  Liquids have defined volume but not defined
shape
 The particles in a liquid can slide past each
other, and are less attracted to each other than
in a solid.
 Two properties of a liquid:
 Surface tension – the liquids tend to ball up and stick
together
 Viscosity – a measure of how well the liquid flows.
Water is low viscosity, molasses is high viscosity.

6.  A liquid has defined volume but will take the
shape of the container.
 (think of water in a glass)
 They have more energy than a solid

7.  Gasses have no defined shape or volume. They
can be compressed by pressure and change
their volume and will always fill all of the
space they are given.
 The particles in a gas are moving fast enough
to break away from each other and each
particle moves independently.
 In a gas, there is empty space between
particles.
 Pressure can effect all gases. High pressure means
that you have forced a large amount of gas particles
in a small space – like inside a tire or basketball.
Gasses

8.  Particles in a gas state are not bound to each other
and have the most energy. They take up the entire
space.
 (think of a balloon filled with air)
Example of a Gas